• Title/Summary/Keyword: Song China

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Distributions and Origins of PM10 in Jeollabuk-do from 2010 to 2015 (2010~2015년 전라북도 도시대기 PM10의 특성)

  • Cho, Byeongsu;Song, Mijung
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.251-264
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    • 2017
  • Recently, Jeollabuk-do has been reported as a province where the $PM_{10}$concentration is one of the highest levels in South Korea. To explore the characteristics and origins of the $PM_{10}$in Jeollabuk-do, we present one of the first long-term datasets including a statistical analysis of $PM_{10}$concentrations obtained from six cities in the province from 2010 to 2015. During the entire periods, the mean hourly $PM_{10}$concentration was $49.3{\mu}g/m^3$, which correspond to the annual ambient air quality standards for $PM_{10}$in South Korea, and the annual $PM_{10}$concentration of each city showed a similarity in year-to-year variations. In the monthly variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentrations showed a maximum value in May that was one of the top levels among the provinces of Korea while the concentrations were dramatically decreased in August showing one of the lowest levels among the provinces in Korea. For the diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentration was enhanced during the rush hours together with gaseous species of $NO_2$, and CO. When the high concentrations of $PM_{10}$were observed (the highest 10% of the $PM_{10}$mass contribution), temperature and relative humidity were low. Using HYSPLIT backward trajectories and cluster analysis for the high $PM_{10}$concentrations, we found that the pollution plumes were transported mainly from China.

Ionic Compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 Related to Meteorological Conditions at the Gosan Site, Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015

  • Song, Jung-Min;Bu, Jun-Oh;Lee, Jae-Yun;Kim, Won-Hyung;Kang, Chang-Hee
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.313-321
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    • 2017
  • $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were collected at the Gosan Site on Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed to examine the variations in their chemical compositional characteristics related to different meteorological conditions. Concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were respectively 6.5 and 4.7 times higher in the fine particle mode ($PM_{2.5}$) compared to the coarse particle mode ($PM_{10-2.5}$), however $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations were 2.4 times higher in the coarse mode compared to the fine particle mode. During Asian dust days, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ increased to 8.2 and 5.0 times higher in $PM_{10}$, and 3.5 and 6.0 times higher in $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. During haze days, the concentrations of secondary pollutants increased by 3.1-4.7 and 3.2-7.9 in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, respectively, and they were, respectively, 1.2-2.1 and 0.9-2.1 times higher on mist days. The aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids, and neutralized mainly by ammonia in the fine particle mode during the haze days, but neutralized by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode during the Asian dust days. Clustered back trajectory analysis showed that concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ were relatively high when air masses travelled from China.

Isolation and Identification of FSHβ and LHβ Subunits in the Blacktip Grouper Epinephelus fasciatus (홍바리(Epinephelus fasciatus) FSHβ와 LHβ subunit의 분리 및 동정)

  • Park, Yong-Ju;Kang, Hyeong-Cheol;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Song, Young-Bo;Baek, Hea-Ja;Kim, Hyung-Bae;Soyano, Kiyoshi;Lee, Young-Don
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2012
  • We cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ subunits from the pituitary of the blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus, which regulate vitellogenesis and maturation in vertebrates, to achieve stable and healthy gametes. The full-length cDNAs of $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ were 571 bp and 617 bp, encoding 120 amino acid (aa) and 147 aa proteins, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ were highly homologous (68-97%) to those of other Perciformes; E. bruneus, Dicentrarchus labrax, Thunnus thynnus, and Pseudolabrus sieboldi. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the deduced $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ amino acid sequences were categorized as a distinct subunit in the $GTH{\beta}$ family, and are closely related to the teleostei $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$, respectively. $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ mRNA exhibited high abundance in the pituitary gland and low in other brain areas, but were not present in peripheral tissues, as determined by RT-PCR.

An anti-noise real-time cross-correlation method for bolted joint monitoring using piezoceramic transducers

  • Ruan, Jiabiao;Zhang, Zhimin;Wang, Tao;Li, Yourong;Song, Gangbing
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.281-294
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    • 2015
  • Bolted joint connection is the most commonly used connection element in structures and devices. The loosening due to external dynamic loads cannot be observed and measured easily and may cause catastrophic loss especially in an extreme requirement and/or environment. In this paper, an innovative Real-time Cross-Correlation Method (RCCM) for monitoring of the bolted joint loosening was proposed. We apply time reversal process on stress wave propagation to obtain correlation signal. The correlation signal's peak amplitude represents the cross-correlation between the loosening state and the baseline working state; therefore, it can detect the state of loosening. Since the bolt states are uncorrelated with noise, the peak amplitude will not be affected by noise and disturbance while it increases SNR level and increases the measured signals' reliability. The correlation process is carried out online through physical wave propagation without any other post offline complicated analyses and calculations. We implemented the proposed RCCM on a single bolt/nut joint experimental device to quantitatively detect the loosening states successfully. After that we implemented the proposed method on a real large structure (reaction wall) with multiple bolted joint connections. Loosening indexes were built for both experiments to indicate the loosening states. Finally, we demonstrated the proposed method's great anti-noise and/or disturbance ability. In the instrumentation, we simply mounted Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) patches on the device/structure surface without any modifications of the bolted connection. The low-cost PZTs used as actuators and sensors for active sensing are easily extended to a sensing network for large scale bolted joint network monitoring.

Origin of Chinese Cabbage(Pe-tsai) (배추(숭(崧))의 어원(語源) 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Dug;Lee, Eun-Hee
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.20-29
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    • 2007
  • 1. Objectives We know that the origine of the pe-tsai is from 백채(白菜; pronounced as bak-tsai, meaning white vegetable). But some literatures said that the japanese butterbur(Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim) is from 백채(白菜;: pronounced as bak-tsai), too. These two words have same origin. It makes us get into a mess. So We are about to study the origine of the pe-tsai more. Also, we investigated its historical origin, properties and Sasang constitutional medicine's efficacy. 2. Methods We reviewed farmings(e.g. 山林經濟, 林園經濟法), dictionarys(e.g. 訓蒙字會), encyclopedia(e.g. 物名攷), books on herbs and medicines to summarize literatures about the pe-tsai. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The origin of term, pe-tsai is sung, named after a pine tree(松), chineses character pronounced as song) which we can see throughout a year. Also, pe-tsai was called white vegetables(白菜, pronounced as bak-tsai) because its appearance is green and white. Therefore, the pronounciation of sung derives from its character and we also say bak-tsai(白菜), which came from its looks. (2) Today we pronounce pe-tsai inro bae-tsu(배추) in korean. There are pronunciational developments of this word : bak-tsai(白菜) $\to$ bae-tsae $\to$ bae-tsa $\to$ bae-tsa $\to$ bae-tsae(배채) $\to$ bae-tsu(배추). (3) Our ancestor used bak-tsai(白菜) as the name of japenese butterbur, which was different from China. The latter times of Joseon(조선), however, sometimes bak-tsai(白菜) meant pe-tsai. After the year of 1800, bak-tsai(白菜) only meant pe-tsai. So when we try to translate our ancestor's books, we must examine carefully their published year. (4) Pe-tsai is used for baby's erysipelas, boil, fever in the chest, thirst after alcohol drinking and kind of diabetes. It helps digestive organs as well. Pe-tsai is used for stress, fever in the chest and cough with fever of Soyangin and Tayangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

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Antioxidant Activities from Crocus sativus and Citrus spp. in China (중국(中國) 장홍화(藏紅花)와 유품종(柚品種)(Citrus spp.)의 혼합출액의 항산화활성(抗酸化活性))

  • Yang, Chao;Song, Won-Seob
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2018.10a
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    • pp.129-129
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    • 2018
  • 중국(中國) 장홍화(藏紅花)는 크로신과 카르티노이드,안토시아닌등의 성분함량으로 혈관질환 예방과 항암작용, 두뇌의 신경안정, 호르몬분비 및 학습증진에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 장홍화는 중국의 고원지대에서 자생하는 것으로 생산량이 적어서 고가에 판매되고 있다. 비타민 C가 레몬보다 10배나 많이 함유되어 있는 중국유(中國柚)는 과피가 일반 감귤류 보다 10배 이상 두꺼워 비타민P가 다량으로 함유되어 있다. 즉, 유기산, 비타민P와 비타민C가 매우 많이 함유되어 있어서 예로부터 중국에서는 감기와, 피부노화, 피로를 방지하는데 사용되어져 왔다. 그밖에 비타민B군과 당질, 단백질등이 다른 감귤류 품종보다 많고, 모세혈관을 보호하는 헤스페리딘(비타민P)이 다량으로 함유되어 있어서 심혈관 질환 장애와 뇌졸증, 뇌출혈 등을 억제하는 효과를 가지고 있다. 또한 몸 안에 쌓여 있는 노폐물 등을 밖으로 배출시켜주는 효과가 양호하여 피부미용에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 중국장홍화(中國藏紅花)와 유(柚)의 혼합추출액 의 항산화활성과 총폴리페놀 함량을 조사하였던 바, 중국(中國) 장홍화(藏紅花)의 경우 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 매우 양호한 항산화 효능을 나타내었다. 중국유(中國柚)의 경우도 과피에서 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났으며 항산화 활성도 과피에서 매우 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 중국(中國) 장홍화(藏紅花)와 중국유(中國柚)의 혼함추출액에서의 항산화 효과가 더 양호한 반응을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어볼 때 중국장홍화(中國藏紅花)와 유(柚)의 항산화 활성은 천연화장품의 신소재로서의 가치를 가지고 있다고 판단된다.

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The Literature Study on the Efficacy and Manufacturing Process of Gyeongoggo (경옥고 효능 및 제법에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • Kim, Myung-Dong
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2011
  • Gyeongoggo is first described in the Collected Prescription by Hong Family in the Song Dynasty in China. It is composed of Radix Rehmnniae, Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, and Mel. Its main efficacy is to treat weakness of primordial essence of body and dry cough, and to invigorate qi and replenish yin principle. It is one of the most important prescriptions that people have been using for a long time. We studied the documents recorded in the medical classics and comprehended the following results. Gyeongoggo has efficacy to keep a person healthy and live long age, to treat amnesia and dizziness from brain weakness, to strengthen muscle and bone by improving function of stomach and colon, to improve a person's memory and judgement, to invigorate brain weakness, and, to treat tuberculosis and lung cancer. The longer a person take it, the better it is for one's health and meditation. When it is made, it is important to mix four components up, to boil it with an oak tree for three days and nights, and then to add water from a well to reduce heat for a full day, and to boil up again for a full day to mature fully. As gyeongoggo is acquired not only by the full heart of a manufacturer but also the sympathy of nature, it is important to choose a clean place to make and keep. When it is taken, it is proper to take it with warm water or liquors. And when it is made, we came to know that it is possible to make gyeongoggo with special efficacy by adding one to three more components.

A Study on the trends of Meebyung research ('미병(未病)' 연구의 경향에 관한 고찰)

  • Lee, Sang-Jae;Li, Song-Shi;Kim, Do-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 2010
  • Contemporary topic of the culture is turning to the Nature. In this situation, The Paradigms of realization about Human body and medical science are changing. The new interpretation of the value of Health is another method of recovering the Nature. Oriental medicine has mainly dealt with health preserving idealogy in origin, and pursued it. Get out of the curing medicine, the health preserving idealogy which aims to live up to one's lifespan has been becoming the main idea of Oriental medicine. In this respect, we can extract insperation from the concept of Meebyung and preventive treatments which came from the ideas of preventive medicine in Oriental medicine. Among the researches of Meebyung in Oriental medical classics and in Oriental tri-countries, we grasped and analyzed the trends of them. In connection with the most fundamental project in Meebyung study which is to set up the concept of Meebyung, we inspected the standards which can categorize and diagnose Meebyung. In contrast with 'Ibyeong', Meebyung in Oriental medical classics can be attained from living in harmony with the Nature, four seasons, Eum-and-Yang and the Five Phases. However the classification of Meebyung, Yogbyeong, Ibyeong in medical classics made foundation of post preventive medicine. From the various studies we can find as follws. Promting national project in Meebyung, China is trying to reestablish classifications of Meebyung, as Japanese Meebyung scholars are focusing on quantitative methods. Although there are not enough research products, Korea must absorb the products of such other countries, as to categorize Meebyung through the pattern identification system of Oriental medicine, and achieve our goal of promotion of health.

The Effectiveness of Acupuncture Treatment for Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

  • Shin, Jin Hyeon;Shin, Hye Jeong;Kim, Eui Byeol;An, Yun Young;Yook, Tae Han;Choi, Yoo Min;Song, Beom Yong;Kim, Jong Uk
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.209-223
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There were 11 databases searched for randomized controlled trials using acupuncture treatment for AD. The risk-of-bias assessment tool of the Cochrane Library was used to evaluate the quality of each study. Using the Review Manager (RevMan), a meta-analysis was performed using risk ratio, mean difference, 95% confidence interval, and random effect model. There were 32 studies selected, all of which were conducted in China. There were 16 studies where acupuncture was used as the intervention, and 23 studies used Donepezil as the control group. Acupoint GV20 was most frequently selected during the treatment. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the most frequently used outcome variable. A period of 12 weeks was the most common treatment duration. As a result of meta-analysis (n = 25), acupuncture improved the MMSE and activities of daily living scores. Electroacupuncture improved the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, and scalp acupuncture improved the MMSE score for AD. Acupuncture alleviates the symptoms of AD. However, further research is necessary to provide a better level of evidence.

Development of EDI Model in the Port and Logistics Industries (항만물류산업에서 업체별 EDI 활성화 모형개발)

  • Shin, Chang-Hoon;Kim, Yul-Sung;Song, Jae-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.369-375
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    • 2005
  • The rapid growth of economy in china leads to concentrate throughput volume of World to North East Asia. Ports in North East Asia have to cope with rapid changes in environments. In order for a port to compete in the global market, it must provide proper productivity and promptly services of port. The system of information hold a key in port-logistic industries. Most ports make every effort to set up and operate the system of Information. Busan port already set up the system of port-logistic information such as Port-Mis, KROIS. But it is not activate yet because of problems of security and certification and so on. The purpose of this paper is to make Model which can activate the system of port-logistic information. In addition to, We suggest definite and feasible model by group and types of port-logistic industry.

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