• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2006

A sonar dome is basically designed and installed to protect sonar array from shocks, sea wave slaps and floating matters. The acoustic wave passing through sonar dome, however, can be distorted in magnitude and phase. This paper presents a numerical method for predicting the steady-state sound pressure on the surface of transducer array in the sonar dome and typical results of sonar beam pattern affected by sonar dome. A beam tracing model with phase information and a multi-layered elastic boundary model are involved. A full three-dimensional sonar dome is modeled as a GRP acoustic window, a rubber coated steel baffle and a rubber coated steel hull. A transducer array is modeled as thick steel cylinder. There are some assumptions such as incidence of plane wave, specular reflection on boundary and directionality of transducer element.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1993

Sidescan sonar uses the fan type beam which has horizontally narrow and vertically somewhat wide beam pattern. To construct such a beam we will use an array of transducers. In case of using single transducer it must have a high frequency to have the fan type beam, but in case of using an array it must have to be high frequency. We are planning to use 30 kHz transducers for our sidescan sonar under development. This paper shows ways of designing a narrow beam for the sidescan sonar system by illustrating various shapes of the beam patterns.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2014

견인 선배열 소나는 해양이라는 유체에서 작동하기 때문에 그 형상이 왜곡되고, 특히 견인 함정이 회전하는 경우 형상이 심하게 변형된다. 이러한 경우 선배열이 갖는 빔 패턴 형성은 제한되며, 이로 인한 신호 대 잡음비 등의 성능 저하를 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 2단 최소자승법에 기초한 개선된 2단 최소자승법 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 해양에서 운용되는 선배열의 형상을 변침각도로 모델링하여 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 변침각도와 주엽의 위치를 변경하면서, 알고리즘별 조향 빔의 신호 대 잡음비를 분석하였다. 그 결과 제안한 알고리즘이 다른 알고리즘보다 2dB 정도 성능이 향상되었으며, 비교적 일정한 빔 패턴을 형성하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제18권4E호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

Deep-water sonar transducers of FFR (Free Flooded Ring) type have been designed using a coupled FE-BEM. The proposed sonar transducers are composed of piezoelectric ceramic tubes and structural steel materials for simple fabrication. In order to have an omnidirectional beam pattern around 30kHz, a conic steel is placed below a piezoelectric tube or a steel disc is placed between two piezoelectric tubes. The dynamics of the sonar transducer is modelled in three dimensions and is analyzed with external electrical excitation conditions. Various results are available such as directivity patterns and transmitting voltage responses. The most optimal structure and dimensions of the steel material were calculated, so that the beam patterns of the sonar transducers had +/- 3dB omnidirectivity at 30kHz.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

This paper deals with the Gain Control in the processing of the underwater acoustic image obtained from side scan sonar(SSS) system. At first, this paper describes the principles of SSS that is a surveying equipment for the underground of the rivers or dams as well as sea floor. Then this paper analyzes the cause and effects of the time varying intensity from the view point of transmission loss and beam pattern. At last, the time varying gain filter that is adopted by the towfish is introduced.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2022

임의의 곡면 배열에서 단위 빔 형성에 사용되는 부배열은 조향 방위마다 기하학적 형상이 다르다. 이 때문에 조향 방위 별 부배열의 빔 패턴은 항상 균일하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 볼록 최적화를 이용한 빔 형성 기법을 곡면 배열에 적용하고, 조향 방위별 빔 성능의 균일성이 향상되는 것을 보였다. 시뮬레이션은 절단 구면 형상의 곡면 배열에 대해 수행되었다. 고각 3 dB 빔 폭의 표준 편차가 크게 감소하였으나 반대급부로 지향 지수도 감소하는 것을 관찰했다. 이를 완화시키기 위한 하나의 방법으로 쉐이딩 함수를 이용한 최적화 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

The movement patterns of fish aggregations swimming freely near artificial reefs on August 24, 2006, at Suyeong Man, Busan, Korea, were acoustically investigated and analyzed. Acoustic surveys were conducted using a 70kHz split-beam echo sounder, 330 kHz side-scan sonar and a 310 kHz imaging sonar. Algorithms for tracking the movement of fish aggregations swimming in response to artificial reefs were developed. The travel direction and the swimming speed for two aggregations of fish were estimated from the trajectory orientations of echo responses recorded by the imaging sonar.The first group was floating just above the reef structure, while remaining in the midwater column, and the second group was swimming through and around artificial reefs near the seabed. The mean swimming speed was estimated to be 0.40 m/s for the midwater fish aggregation and 0.17 m/s for the bottom aggregation close to artificial reefs. These results suggest that the swimming behavior of fish aggregations passing close to artificial reefs near the seabed displayed a slower moving pattern than fish floating just above the reef structure in the midwater column.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제17권1E호
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• pp.14-19
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• 1998

This article describes the application of a coupled finite element-boundary element method to obtain the steady-state response of a sonar transducer. The sonar shell is simulated to be driven by electrical charges applied onto inner and outer surfaces of the shell. It is shown that at relatively low input frequency a beam pattern which is almost close to omnidirection can be obtained. The coupled FE-BE method is described in detail.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

This article describes the application of a coupled finite element-boundary element method to obtain the steady-state response of a sonar transducer. The particular structure considered is a flooded piezoelectric spherical shell. The sonar shell is simulated to be driven by electrical charges applied onto inner and outer surfaces of the shell. It is shown that at relatively low input frequency a beam pattern which is almost close to omnidirection can be obtained. The coupled FE-BE method is described in detail.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 2호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

Deep-water sonar transducers of FFR (Free Flooded Ring) type have been designed using a coupled FE-BEM. The proposed sonar transducers are composed of piezoelectric ceramic tubes and structural steel materials for simple fabrication. In order to have an omnidirectional beam pattern around 30 kHz, a conic steel is placed below a piezoelectric tube or a steel disc is placed between two piezoelectric tubes. The dynamics of the sonar transducer is modelled in three dimensions and is analyzed with external electrical excitation conditions. Various results are available such as directivity patterns and transmitting voltage responses. The most optimal structure and dimensions of the steel material were calculated, so that the beam patterns of the sonar transducers had +/- 3 dB omnidirectivity at 30 kHz.