• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.10-10
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it′s extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of n-π/sup ＊/ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.298-305
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it's extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of $n->\pi^*$ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their Peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.426-430
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate electron donating ability, antioxdative activity and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extracts from Gyrophora esculenta. The phenolic compounds of diethylether, butanol, petroleum ether and hexane extracts were 194.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 98.80$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.60$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Electron donating abilities of diethyleter and butanol extracts from Gyrophora esculaenta were 80.79% and 72.81%, respectively. Absorption of DPPH by diethyleter and butanol extracts sharply increaed at initial stage. Antioxidative activities of fiethylether and butanol extracts by peroxide values are rather high as compared to those of control, but low s compared to those of BHA. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of diethylether, butanol and petroleum ether from Gyrophora esculenta were 96.07%, 77.39% and 15.07%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.674-681
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• 2020

The root of Codonopsis lanceolata has been used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to confirm the comparative effect of ethanol solvent extraction (CLE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (CLS) of C. lanceolata roots. CLS had higher antioxidant than CLE. For supercritical co-solvent modified carbon dioxide extraction (CLS), it were extracted at 250 bar 50℃ 150 min at a flow rate of ethyl alcohol 3 mL/min for 90min. In addition, CLS inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When treated with the extract at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells increased approximately by 3-folds compared to that of the untreated control group. Also, the treatment by CLS (50 ㎍/mL) showed a significant increase of involucrin expression. These results indicate that supercritical carbon dioxide extract of C. lanceolatamay serve as a cosmeceutical agent for improving skin barrier function and the treatment of obesity.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2003

The effect of padding solution on the microwave heat dyeing of polyester fabric was studied extensively. Polyester fabrics were impregnated in aqueous urea solution and aqueous sodium chloride solution for 10 min and then dyed for 7 min by microwave apparatus (2450 MHz, 700 W) under optimum conditions which provide good exhaustion. Aqueous solutions of urea and sodium chloride showed more effective than water as a padding solution for microwave heat dyeing. The type of solvent added in padding media and its concentration significantly affects the K/S values of dyed polyester fabric. Added solvents such as n-hexane, acetone, and dimethyl formamide were also more effective than 100 % water as padding media for the microwave heat dyeing. It is supposed that the effect of used solvents on dyeing property of polyester fabrics depends on the solubility parameter difference between solvent and polyester fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.20-27
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• 1997

As a non-aqueous dyeing method, organic solvent dyeing was discussed, The dye uptakes on PET and the solubilities of C. I. Disperse Violet 1 in 24 kinds of organic solvents including water were investigated, and the partition coefficients in PET- solvents system were also obtained from their isotherms. Contrary to in the other solvents, the dye uptake of C. I. Disperse Violet 1 on PET in hexane was even much higher, and also considerable in cyclohexane. The logarithmic plot of the dye uptakes versus the solubilities showed that the dye uptakes are linear and inversely proportional to the solubilities. The effect of $T_g$ decrease of PET in organic solvents to dye uptake seems to be very small relative to the effect of solubility, and so negligible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

Among the most popular means of mainstream smoke collection for specific analysis are solvent traps. Determination of the carbonyl compounds as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones(DNPHs) by HPLC offers increased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of mainstream cigarette smoke. In this work, the mainstream smoke of a reference cigarette(lR4F) was collected in four kinds of gas washing bottles and their effects on the analysis of carbonyl compounds were investigated. The results show that the porosity of fritted glass filter in gas washing bottles exerted profound effect on the composition of the carbonyl compounds in mainstream smoke.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 1981

Safety, efficacy and reliability are the three basic criteria that define the quality of any well-designed pharmaceutical dosage form. Content uniformity directly bears on each of the three criteria defining the quality of drug product. Effect of manufacturing methods and physicochemical properties of the drug on content uniformity of tablets was investigated. Chlorpheniramine maleate and micronized salicylic acid were used as main ingredients. Three different methods for incorporation of main ingredients with diluents were solvent mixing method, geometric dilution method, and simple mixing method. The solvent mixing method was the best one of the three.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.91-98
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• 2015

Formamide의 중성가수분해 mechanism은 QM/MM (quantum mecahnics/molecular mechanics) molecular dynamics simulations 및 CPMD과 같은 방법으로 연구되어왔다. 본 연구에서는. Umbrella sampling을 이용한 QM/MM-MD simulation을 사용하여 4가지 반응의 free energy surface를 도출해냈다. 전체적으로, 가장 선호되는 메커니즘은 two step으로 구성된 water assisted stepwise mechanism이었으며 모든 mechanism은 ab-initio calculation과 QM/MM-MD simulation이 수행되었다. water assisted stepwise mechanism을 살펴보면, 첫 번째 step에서 formamide의 carbonyl group이 hydrate되면서 gem-diol intermediate를 형성한다. 다음 step에서, intermediate의 hydroxyl group으로부터 amino group으로 water-assisted proton transfer이 일어난다. 두 반응 모두에서 물이 proton transfer를 직접적으로 도와주는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히, ab-initio calculation과는 다르게 QM/MM-MD에서는 gem-diol intermediate가 안정화되는 것으로 solvent effect를 잘 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.265-268
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• 2018

The solvolyses of anthraquinone-2-carbonyl chloride (1) were studied kinetically in 27 pure and various mixed solvents. The analysis using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation in the solvolyses of anthraquinone-2-carbonyl chloride (1) obtained the l value of $2.11{\pm}0.11$, the m value of $0.54{\pm}0.06$, and the correlation coefficient of 0.955. The solvolysis reaction of 1 might proceed via an associative $S_N2$ mechanism enhancing bond making than bond breaking in the transition state (TS). This interpretation is further supported by a relatively large solvent kinetic isotope effect (SKIE, 2.27).