• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Objectives : Agrimoniae Herba is a herbal medicine widely distributed in Asia and contains flavonoids including catechin, quercitrin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin. This study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and skin barrier function of different solvent fractions (Hexane; methylene chloride, MC; ethyl acetate, EA; n-butanol, Bu; Water) obtained from Agrimoniae Herba. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba was investigated through total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity measurements. Then, filament aggregating protein (Filaggrin), Type I collagen, ceramide synthase (CERS) 3, and CERS4 were analyzed to evaluate the skin barrier strengthening effect of different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba on UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Results : As a result of measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity was found to be excellent in the order of EA > Bu > MC > Hexane > Water. As a result of measuring mRNA gene expression of Type I collagen, Filaggrin, CERS3, and CERS4 after UVB-stimulated was applied to HaCaT cells treated with different solvent fractions obtained from Agrimoniae Herba, it was found to increase significantly in the Bu-treated group. Conclusion : Our findings show that the Bu sample obtained from Agrimoniae Herba has excellent anti-oxidant ability, which increases Type I collagen, Filaggrin, and ceramide synthetase in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells to control the skin barrier improvement effect.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.353-356
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• 2001

The relation between the flocculation and dispersion of metal oxide powders and the properties of solvents, such as dielectric constant and solubility parameter, was investigated for TiO$_2$, $Al_2$O$_3$and Fe$_2$O$_3$particles. The particle size and median diameter of these metal oxides were measured in many organic solvents, from which the effect of solvents on the flocculation and dispersion of metal oxide powders was considered. The metal oxide powders of TiO$_2$, $Al_2$O$_3$and Fe$_2$O$_3$tend to disperse in a solvent of higher polarity, whereas they are apt to flocculate in a solvent of low dielectric constant, because the Hamaker constant between the particles becomes larger in such a solvent. There we, however, some solvents that do not obey these tendencies. It is possible to evaluate the flocculation and dispersion of these metal oxide powders in many solvents by using numeral balances of Hansen’s three-dimensional solubility parameter (f$_{d}$, f$_{p}$ and f$_{h}$). There exists a solvent giving the optimal dispersion for each metal oxide, and the optimal dispersion point of f$_{d}$, f$_{p}$ and f$_{h}$ is determined by the combination of various metal oxide powders and solvents.nts.nts.nts.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.24
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• pp.43-56
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• 2008

When we consolidate the iron artifacts, only we used VM&P Naphtha as solvent of paraloid NAD10. After consolidating the iron artifacts using paraloid NAD10, artifacts were too glossy to exhibit and see. We choose the solvent YK-VMP as solvent of paraloid NAD10 for complementing this defect and examined characterizations of paraloid NAD10 films in each solvent. As a result of evaluation by several surface analysis such as optical microscope, measuring film thickness, adhesive strength, gloss of surface, contact angle, yellowing test and EIS, it is possible to use YK-VMP instead of VM&P Naphtha as solvent of paraloid NAD10, because YK-VMP lowered surface gloss and did not change the effect of consolidation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.275-279
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• 1999

The solvent extracts from Aloe arborescens and Aloe vera were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cell lines. In case of Aloe vera extracts, butyl alcohol extract and ethyl alcohol extract showed antitumor activity at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ on lung cell lines(A427, Sk-mes-1, Calu-3 and 3LL). In Aloe arborescens extracts, butyl alcohol extract and ethyl alcohol extract exerted high activity at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ on breast cell line(Hs-578T) and lung cell line(Sk-mes-1), respectively. The solvent extracts from Aloe vera exerted antitumor activity broadly on various tumor cell lines. In contract, the solvent extracts from Aloe arborescens exerted specific antitumoricity on a few tumor cell lines.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.836-840
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• 2005

Extraction characteristics of Bonus species of Brassica oleracea var. capita and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 44.07% was obtained at ratio of solvent to sample of 27.94 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 24.35%, and extraction temperature of $55.21^{\circ}C$. At ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 21.11 mL/g, 58.53%, and $68.83^{\circ}C$, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability was 48.44%. Maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 68.94% at ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 24.08 mL/g, 10.49%, and $78.71^{\circ}C$, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 24.78% at ratio of solvent to sample of 22.66 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45.69%, and extraction temperature of $93.81^{\circ}C$. Based on superimposition of four-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were ratio of solvent to sample of 20-30 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 35-65%, and extraction temperature of $50-80^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2007

The specific rates of solvolysis of isopropyl fluoroformate are well correlated using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, with a sensitivity (l ) to changes in solvent nucleophilicity (NT) and a sensitivity (m) to changes in solvent ionizing power (YCl). The sensitivities (l = 1.59 ± 0.16 and m = 0.80 ± 0.06) toward changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, suggesting that the addition step of an addition-elimination mechanism is rate-determining. For methanolysis, a solvent deuterium isotope effect of 2.53 is compatible with the incorporation of general-base catalysis into the substitution process. The large negative values for the entropies of activation are consistent with the bimolecular nature of the proposed rate-determining step. These observations are also compared with those previously reported for the corresponding chloroformate and fluoroformate esters.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1965

Reaction of monochloroacetic acid with zinc in presence of toluene, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and dioxane solvents showed the solvent effect in order of dimethylformamide, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. The increasing reactivity of the reagents was observed in order of the polarity and hydrophilicity of the solvent. The same reaction of ethyl monochloroacetate in the same series of solvents showed also the solvent effect, but the difference was not large as compared to that of the acid. The reaction of the acid, ester, zinc, and carbonyl precursors such as benzaldehyde and 4-heptanone gave the Reformatsky reaction product in the case of the aldehyde, but the reactivity with 4-heptanone was slight. The yield of the product was varied by the method of addition of reagents. The best yield observed in case of the acid reaction was 38.5% of the hydroxy acid and 0.8g of the salt in presence of acetonitrile and in case of the ester reaction 19.3% of ethyl cinnamate and 21.6% of polymer. The variation of the reactivity of reagents due to the reaction temperature was observed in case of carbonyl reaction. The result was discussed in terms of the solvent effect and the procedures were described.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effect of organic solvent extractives on the classification of wood species via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). In our previous research, five species of Korean softwood were classified into three groups (i.e., Cryptomeria japonica (cedar)/Chamaecyparis obtuse (cypress), Pinus densiflora (red pine)/Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine), and Larix kaempferi (Larch)) using an NIR-based principal component analysis method. Similar tendencies of extractive distribution were observed among the three groups in that study. Therefore, in this study, we qualitatively analyzed extractives extracted by an organic solvent and analyzed the NIR spectra in terms of the extractives' chemical structure and band assignment to determine their effect in more detail. Cedar/cypress showed a similar NIR spectra patterns by removing the extractives at 1695, 1724, and 2291 nm. D-pinitol, which was detected in cedar, contributed to that wavelength. Red pine/Korean pine showed spectra changes at 1616, 1695, 1681, 1705, 1724, 1731, 1765, 1780, and 2300 nm. Diterpenoids and fatty acid, which have a carboxylic group and an aliphatic double bond, contributed to that wavelength. Larch showed a catechin peak in gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis, but it exhibited very small NIR spectra changes. The aromatic bond in larch seemed to have low sensitivity because of the 1st overtone of the O-H bond of the sawdust cellulose. The three groups sorted via NIR spectroscopy in the previous research showed quite different compositions of extractives, in accordance with the NIR band assignment. Thus, organic solvent extractives are expected to affect the classification of wood species using NIR spectroscopy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.425-427
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• 1993

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1330-1338
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• 2012

Solvent extracts of Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) were investigated for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in order to consider TCL as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. TCL(A) extract was fractioned according to polarity with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water. Following TCL(A) fractionation, the electron-donating ability of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.09% and 51.4%, respectively. Results of lipid oxidation showed that $Fe^{2+}$ had a greater chelating effect than $Cu^{2+}$. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect of the EtOAc solvent fraction (50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 64%. Hyaluronidase inhibition related to the anti-inflammatory effect was 53.0% with EtOAc at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory effect was about 51.32% at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The anti-inflammatory activity in the EtOAc fraction inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Results also showed that iNOS protein expression increased in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ EtOAc, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.