• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1995

The optical behavior of coloring matter extracted from onion's coats, the depression effects of destruction, yellowing and W transmittance of silk treated with color solution of onion's coats color difference of silk fabrics dyed with acid dyes and drycleaning fastness of silk treated with color solution has been investigated. The results are as follows : 1) The coloring matter extracted from onion's coats by alkali-acid method appeared properties of aglycon type. 2) &{\lambda}_{max}&of color solution extracted by distilled water was found at 280 and 327nm. 3) The decrease of tensile strength and the elongation of the silk treated with color solution were depressed but those of untreated silk were increased by irradiation of UV light. 4) The yellowness index of silk treated with color solution showed a little change by irradiation. 5) The UV transmittance of silk treated with color solution was decreased as increasing concentration of color solution. 6) The color difference after dyeing with several acid dyes on treated and untreated silk fabrics showed remarkable changes. 7) Drycleaning fastness of silk treated by color solution was excellent.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2005

A 3% NaCl solution of 1 $dm^3$ circulated with 1.5 $dm^3/min$ by a pump for 24 h in the presence of magnetic field. An iron plate immersed in a $100cm^3$ of test solution for 24 h. The rest potential and pH on surface fixed after 3 h. Containing 0~120 ppm of Fe(II) ion, the dissolution in the magnetically treated solution rose comparing with that in the non-magnetically treated solution. The dissolution amount reached to maximum at 50 ppm, then fixed in the non-magnetically treated solution. When Fe(II) ion existed in the magnetically treated solution, dissolution accelerated a little. In the non-magnetic treated solution containing 10~125 ppm of Fe(III) ion existed, the dissolution accelerated. The dissolution amounts reached to maximum at 50 ppm, then decreased from maximum value. In the magnetically treated solution, the dissolution amounts reached to minimum until 50 ppm, then increased from minimum value. The dissolution amounts affected larger with increasing of magnetic flux density. Fe(II), Fe(III) ions and magnetic treatment affected to formation of $Fe(OH)_2$ and/or $Fe_3O_4$ films. The magnetically treated effects memorized about one month.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 1993

The silk fabrics were treated with color solution extracted from leaf of Camellia. The depression effect of destruction and yellowing of silk treated with color solution, shift of UV-VIS spectra of color solution, color difference of silk fabrics by dyeing with acid dyes and drycleaning fastness of silk treated with color solution were studied. UV-VIS spectra appeared to hypsochromic shift by irradiation. The decrease of tensile strength and the elongation of the silk treated with color solution showed depressed but those of untreated silk increased by irradiation. The yellowness index of silk treated with color solution showed a little change by irradiation. The color difference after dyeing with several acid dyes on treated and untreated silk showed not remarkable changes. Dsrycleaning fastness of silk treated by color solution was excellent.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.486-496
• /
• 2022

The effect of solution-treated on the self-corrosion performance and discharge performance of AZ91 magnesium alloy as anode material was analyzed by microscopic characterization, immersion tests, electrochemical measurements, and discharge performance tests. The study shows that the β-phase in the AZ91 magnesium alloy gradually dissolved in the matrix with the increase of the solution temperature, and the electrochemical activity of the magnesium alloy anode was significantly improved. Through the comparison of three different solution-treated processes, it is found that the AZ91 magnesium alloy has the most vigorous activity and better discharge performance after solution-treated of 415℃+12 h. In addition, the proportion and distribution of β-phase AZ91 magnesium alloy have a direct impact on its discharge performance as an anode material.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.365-372
• /
• 1996

In an attempt to evaluate the effect of St. Thomas' hospital cardioplegic solution (STH) I and II on the cultured rat myocardial cells, beating rate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (Irtrazolium MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase activity were investigated, and also light and electron microscopic studies were carried out. After rat myocardial cells were cultured for 72 hours, cells were treated with STH I or with STH H solution for 30 and 120 min. and thereafter myocardial cells were cultured in control medium for 24 hours. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Beating rate was 154 times per min. in control group, 141 times per min. in STH I solution(for 2. 120 min.)-treated group and 145 times in STH ll solution (for 120 min.)-treated group. MTT absorbances by MTT assay were 102% in STH I solution (for 120 min.)-treated group and 93% in STH ll solution (for 120 min.)-treated group compared with control group. 3. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase released into the medium were 123% in STH I solution (for 120 min.)-treated group and 109% in STH H solution (for 120 min.)-treated group compared with control group. 4. In the light microscopy examination, myocardial cells showed no differences between experimental and control groups in their number and shape. 5. In the electron microscopy examination, myocardial cells treated with STH I solution showed fewer destroyed mitochondria compared to STH ll solution-treated group. These results suggest that both 51. Thomas'cardioplegic solution STH 1 and STH H have no cytotoxicity on cultured rat myocardial cells, but STH H solution has more protective effect on myocardial cells compared to STH I solution.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 1990

In order to determine if GK-101E(N-monochloro-DL-2-aminobutyrate) solution was effective in the removal of carious dentin, this study was conducted on 75 extracted human carious teeth. GK-101E solution was compared in effectiveness to saline solution.75 extracted human carious teeth were randomly assigned to two groups accordingly : (1) 50 teeth were treated with GK-101E solution : and (2) 25 teeth were treated with saline solution. Teeth in each group were divided into the medium or medium-hard consistency. Treatment consisted of directing the pulsating stream of each coded test solution utilizing the Caridex$^{TM}$ Caries Removal System against the carious surface for 4 mimutes. One operator treated all teeth with corded solution, and four investigators scored on the treated teeth based on visual examination and tactile evaluation with a dental explorer in conjunction with staining method with Caries Detector$^{TM}$ The results were as follows : 1. All groups showed various effect of carious dentin removal. 2. GK-101E solution was statistically superior to physiologic saline solution in the removal of carious dentin, regardless of carious consistency. 3. GK-101E solution in the medium-hard consistency was statistically superior to that in the medium consistency in the caries removal(p=0.001). 4. Saline solution in the medium consistency was equivalent to that in the medium-hard consistency in caries removal(p>0.1).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 1988

The purpose of the study was to confirm the influence of fluoride to enamel decalcification. Specimens were prepared from 20 extracted teeth. Every tooth was sliced into 4 pieces by means of seperating disc. The pieces with sound enamel were distributed to 4 groups. 1st group was treated with 0.5% NaF solution for 2 minutes. 2nd group was treated with 0.5% NaF solution for 10 minutes. 3rd group was treated with 1% NaF solution for 2 minutes. 4th group was treated with 1% NaP solution for 10 minutes. The enamel surface of each specimen were decalcified with 30% $H_3PO_4$ for 2 minutes and the findings through electron microscope were as follows; 1. The degree of decalcification on the 1st group was greater than that of the 2nd group. 2. Roughness of the 3rd group was slightly higher than that of the 4th group. 3. Under the same procedure of decalcification, the specimen treated by higher conceutration of NaF solution for same length of time showed less decalcified picture. 4. Under the same procedure, of decalcification, the specimens treated by same concentration of NaF solution for different length of time, were compared and found longer the time less decalcified.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 1990

In order to assess fish meal as food protein source which contains heat denatured pro-tein, functional properties of fish meal protein to be treated with alkaline were examined. Ratio of fish meal to 0.2N NaOH solution for extract solvent which were 1:10 showed good results of extracted and recovered amount of fish meal protein. pH 4.5, solubility of protein treated with alkaline revealed the lowest value. Until concentrations of alkaline treated protein solution reached $0.7\%$, its emulsifying capacity steeply decreased. Emusifying capacity of alkali treated protein were higher value at pH 9.0 than pH 4.0 and 7.0, and also were higher quantity in 0.5M NaCl solution than that of 0.1M. Heating time of fish meal protein to be treated with alkaline reached until 30 mins, its fat binding capacity indicated little change and that of heating time 60 mins decreased. Gel forming concentrations of fish meal protein to be treated with alkali for 15 mins or less were $20\%$ but those of 30 and 60 mins were $25\%$. When treating time of fish meal protein with alkali solution reached till 20 mins, viscosity of alkali treated protein solution steeply decreased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.36-51
• /
• 1996

In order to investigate the degradation behavior of PET fabrics, sodium diethylene glycolate (SDEG)-diethylene glycol (DEG) solutions were prepared and PET fabrics were treated in the solution. The dissolution rate constant and apparent activation energy of the PET fabrics were calculated by Eyring's and Arrhenius's equation respectively and measured dyeing properties, moisture and antistatic properties. Then compared SDEG-treated fabrics with NaOH-treated. The results were as follows; 1. PET fabrics decreased their weight in SDEG-DEG solution, and the decreasing rate showed a linear relationship to the treating time at constant temperature and concentration of SDEG-DEG solution. 2. The dissolution rate constant showed a linear relationship to the concentration of SDEGDEG solution and an exponential relationship to treating temperature. 3. Apparent activation energy of dissolution was 23.45 kcal/mol. 4. The K/S values and the ΔL values of fabrics treated with SDEG-DEG solution are higher and lower respectively than fabrics treated with NaOH. 5. SDEG-DEG solution treatment improved fabric's moisture regain and it reached almost maximum at about 40% weight loss. 6. In the both reagent the light, wet and sublimation fastness of fabrics are similar. 7. SDEG-DEG solution gave more electrical discharge effect to the fabrics than that of NaOH. 8. NaOH treated PET microfiber have crater-like surface, while SDEG-DEG solution give bathochromic effect to the PET microfiber because which has wrinkles on the surface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.380-388
• /
• 2000

The porosity of polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was investigated using a nitrogen porosimeter, and the dyeability of the treated fibers was discussed in terms of the porosity. In pore distribution, the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were characterized by higher amount of pores below $10\AA$ than those of the untreated fibers, and by shift of the pore size having maximum accumulated volume from $10\AA$ for the untreated fibers to $5~6\AA$. As the weight loss of the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution increased, BET surface area and total pore volume increased linearly, but average pore size, showing some different aspect, increased steeply at earlier stage and then approached the maximum value. The dye uptakes of the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution increased with the BET surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore size. The alkali treatment increased the surface area of polyester fibers, so that the chance of contact between the fiber and dye molecules increased. In addition, the pores created on the surface of polyester fibers by alkali treatment might act as pathways for dye molecules into the polyester fibers.