• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2005

We present a finite difference solution for electrokinetic flow in rectangular microchannels encompassing Navier's fluid slip phenomena. The externally applied body force originated from between the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann field around the channel wall and the flow-induced electric field is employed in the equation of motion. The basic principle of net current conservation is applied in the ion transport. The effects of the slip length and the long-range repulsion upon the velocity profile are examined in conjunction with the friction factor. It is evident that the fluid slip counteracts the effect by the electric double layer and induces a larger flow rate. Particle streak imaging by fluorescent microscope and the data processing method developed ourselves are applied to straight channel designed to allow for flow visualization of dilute latex colloids underlying the condition of simple fluid. The reliability of the velocity profile determined by the flow imaging is justified by comparing with the finite difference solution. We recognized the behavior of fluid slip in velocity profiles at the hydrophobic surface of polydimethylsiloxane wall, from which the slip length was evaluated for different conditions.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.443-455
• /
• 2023

This is a research analyses on the bearing capacity at a pile tip embedded in rock. The aim is to propose a shape coefficient for an analytical solution and to investigate the influence of the plastic flow law on the problem. For this purpose, the finite difference method is used to analyze the bearing capacity of various types and states of rock masses, assuming the Hoek & Brown failure criterion, by considering both plane strain and an axisymmetric model. Different geometrical configurations were adopted for this analysis. First, the axisymmetric numerical results were compared with those obtained from the plane strain analytical solution. Then the pile shape influence on the bearing capacity was studied. A shape factor is now proposed. Furthermore, an evaluation was done on the influence of the plastic flow law on the pile tip bearing capacity. Associative flow and non-associative flow with null dilatancy were considered, resulting in a proposed correlation. A total of 324 cases were simulated, performing a sensitivity analysis on the results and using the graphic output of vertical displacement and maximum principal stress to understand how the failure mechanism occurs in the numerical model.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2001

흡수기는 흡수식 열펌프 시스템에서 중요한 구성요소일 뿐만 아니라 흡수기의 성능은 전체 시스템에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 기포분사형 흡수기에서의 암모니아기체의 흡수열의 효과적 제거를 위한 냉각수 방향으로의 열전달에 대해 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 흡수기에 유입되는 암모니아 기체의 유속, 암모니아 수용액의 유속, 농도, 온도, 흡수기의 지름, 높이, 기체와 용액의 유입 방향등 여러 가지 변수에 대하여 열전달 성능의 특성을 살펴본 결과, 기체의 주입량, 용액의 주입량 증가는 열전달 성능 향상에 기여하며, 용액의 온도나 농도의 상승은 열전달 성능에 방해요소로 작용하였으며 흐름방향이 향류인 경우 열전달 성능에 향상이 있었다. 본 실험의 데이터를 이용하여 상관관계식을 유도하여 열전달에 대한 복잡한 관계를 일반화 하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.839-846
• /
• 1994

본 논문에서 수지형 하천내 1차원 부정류 흐름해석을 위한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 이 해석 알고리즘은 수지형 하천내 부정류의 흐름을 각각의 지류내 단면간에는 연속방정식과 모우멘트 방정식을 적용하고 합류점과 분류점에서는 연속방정식과 에너지방정식을 적용하여 유한차분화한후, 이에 적합한 순환방정식을 도출하여 적용하였으며, 이때 순환계수들은 합류하는 하천단면, 분류하는 하천단변, 합류점, 분류정에 따라 각각 다르게 결정토록 하였다. 이와같은 순환계수 및 순환방정식을 이용하여 수지형 하천내 흐름해석을 단일 하천내 흐름해석과 동일하게 전진법에서는 순환계수를 계산하고, 후진법에서는 순환방정식의 해를 구하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. 이에 따라 흐름해석을 위한 컴퓨터 저장용량도 $2N{\times}2N$ 행렬로부터 $2N{\times}4$ 행렬로 줄이도록 하였고 계산시간도 상당히 절약하였으며 이때 N은 수지형 하천내 흐름특성인 유량 및 수위를 결정해야하는 절점을 나타낸다. 이와같이 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 수지형 하천내 부정류 흐름을 개인용 컴퓨터등을 이용하여 효율적이며 정확하게 해석할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
• /
• 제5권9호
• /
• pp.851-858
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 해 탐색을 위한 데이터분석 기능을 강화한 개선된 GUI 기반의 전력계통의 조류해석 도구를 제시하였다. 제시한 툴은 전력계통의 조류계산의 교수 및 학습을 돕는 효과적인 도구이다. 이 소프트웨어는 Asymetrix사의 TooIBookll으로 개발하였으며 명칭을 PFGUI(PowerFlow GUI)로 정하였다. PFGUI는 상정사고해석 기능은 물론 다양한 부하레벨의 계산결과를 데이터베이스에 저장하여 탐색하고자 하는 해를 신속하게 검색하는 데이터베이스 기능을 갖도록 하였다. PFGUl는 계통도상에서 조류계산의 시스템 데이터를 입력하고 손쉽게 모선의 전압과 전력, 선로조류에 대한 결과도를 확인 할 수 있도록 입력매개변수와 그 결과간의 관계성을 테이블 형태가 아닌 시각적인 그림으로 보여 주기 때문에 전력계통학습에 친화적인 툴이다. PFGUI는 선로전압조정기, 콘덴서, 부하레벨, 선로탈락 등의 다양한 형태의 영향을 손쉽게 파악할 수 있다. 제안된 PFGUI는 Ward-Hale S-Bus 계통을 연구대상으로 하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2009

Experimental results for performance characteristics of small $NH_3$ absorption chiller/ heater are presented. The apparatus consists of 7RT water-cooled absorption system, solution pump, boiler, cooling tower and peripheral devices. The effect of experimental parameters, such as refrigerant mass flow rate, solution mass flow rate and cooling water temperature have been investigated in view of the system performance. The capacity of each heat exchanger increased as refrigerant mass flow rate increased in cooling mode. Also, a cooling capacity increased as a strong solution mass flow rate increased. The cooling and heating COP show 0.5, 1.5 regardless of refrigerant mass flow rate, respectively. The results focus on the evaluation for performance characteristics of system with respect to variation of refrigerant mass flow rate under standard design conditions.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2002

This paper presents simple models for flow and the PIG dynamics when it passes through a $90^{\circ}$ curved section of pipeline. The simulation has been done with two different operational boundary conditions. The solution fur non-linear hyperbolic partial equations for flow is given by using MOC. The Runge-Kuta method is used to solve the initial condition equation fur flow and the PIG dynamics equation. The simulation results show that the proposed model and solution can be used fur estimating the PIG dynamics when the pig runs in the pipeline including curved section. In this paper, dynamic modeling and its analysis for the PIG flow through $90^{\circ}$ curved pipe with compressible and unsteady flow are studied. The PIG dynamics model is derived by using Lagrange equation under assumption that it passes through 3 different sections in the curved pipeline such that it moves into, inside and out of the curved section. The downstream and up stream flow dynamics including the curved sections are solved using MOC. The effectiveness of the derived mathematical models is estimated by simulation results fur a low pressure natural gas pipeline including downward and upward curved sections. The simulation results show that the proposed model and solution can be used for estimating the PIG dynamics when we pig the pipeline including curved section.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
• /
• pp.152-155
• /
• 2008

The blood flow characteristics have been closely related to various cardiovascular diseases, it is very important to predict them accurate enough in an efficient way. Thus, this paper proposes a one-dimensional spectral element model for the blood flow through blood vessels. The spectral element model is formulated by using the variational method. The nonlinear terms in spectral element model are all treated as the pseudo-force and an iterative solution method is applied in the frequency domain.

• 전기의세계
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 1973

The computation of transmittances between arbitrary input and output nodes is of particular interest in the signal flow graph theory imput. The signal flow matrix [T] can be defined by [X]=-[T][X] where [X] and [Y] are input nose and output node matrices, respectively. In this paper, the followings are discussed; 1) Reduction of nodes by reforming the signal flow matrix., 2) Solution of input-output relationships by means of Gauss-Jordan reduction method, 3) Extension of the above method to the matrix signal flow graph.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
• /
• pp.381-383
• /
• 2002

This paper proposes a MATLAB program for solving security-constrained optimal power flow using linear programming. Security-constrained optimal power flow can find an optimal generation satisfying bus voltage limits, line flow limits, reactive generation limits, even if contingency occurs. Sensitivity matrixes are obtained based on power flow solutions with and without single line contingency. This program is tested for an IEEE 14bus system with 5 generators Results shows good ability of finding optimal solution in case of a single line contingency.