• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1982

A thin-layer chromatographic study was made of the chloroform-soluble and flavonoid fractions from the fruit peels of 16 species, 2 varieties and 5 formas of the Citrus plants cultivated in Je Ju Island for their interspecific relatinships. In addition, 3 hybrids and 9 native plants were also studied for their taxonomic position. Three phenograms were developed from these chromatographic data after cluster analysis via the unweighted paired group method using rithmatic average by Sneath and Sokal. These plants were grouped into 5 alliences based on the phenogram obtained from the chloroform-soluble fracitons, which were nearly identical to the subgenus rank by Tanaka, and rutinoside and neohesperidoside groups by Horowitz. Those from the flavonoid and methanol-soluble fractions were not able to evaluate the morphological classification except for a few cases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1303-1307
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• 2003

The low molecular water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles (LMWSC-NPs) were prepared, which was modified with hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties to evaluate the potential for pharmaceutics application. The synthesis of LMWSC-NPs was identified by FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR spectra. Also, we measured the photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) to investigate the characteristics and morphology of the LMWSC-NPs. At the PCS measurement, the more increase the number of substitutive group, the more decrease the positive charge of LMWSC-NP surface. From the results of TEM and AFM, spherical morphologies were observed, and their sizes were 30-150 nm. Resultantly, LMWSC-NPs prepared in this experiment will be expected as a suitable device for the drug targeting system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 1997

Solubilities of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in aqueous surfactant solutions, liquid polyethylene glycols (PEG), and solvents of various polarity were measured. The results showed that the solutes were slightly or moderately solubilized in the surfactant solutions and the liquid PEGS. It was also revealed that the solutes were slightly soluble in the solvent of either extreme polarity or nonpolarity, but moderately soluble in solvents of intermediate polarity of which solubility parameters are around 10. The solubility parameters of these solutes were calculated from the group contribution to be 10.2 for both of them. Of the solvents tested, tetramethylurea was exceptionally effective in solubilizing the solutes. The solutes were also moderately soluble in the aqueous cosolvents containing tetramethylurea. This suggests that the mixed systems of tetramethylurea could be employed for the solubilization in the formulation of these compounds as an aqueous system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.2521-2524
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• 2008

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1989

면역 보체가 결합되어 있는 zymosan에 의하여 활성화된 다형핵 백혈구에서 세포 투과성 물질인 N-ethylmaleiamide과 $Hg^{++}$은 superoxide 라디칼 생성, NADPH oxidase 활성도 및 lysosomal enzyme (lactic dehydrogenase, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$)의 유리를 억제하였다. 세포막 단백에 특이적인 p-chloromercuribenzoic acid와 p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid는 superoxide 라디칼 생성에 영향을 주지 않았으나 NADPH oxidase 활성도와 lysosomal enzyme의 유리를 억제하였다. 식작용 중에 세포막과 세포내의 sulfhydryl기는 반응시간에 따라 점진적으로 감소하였다. N-ethylmaleiamide와 $Hg^{++}$은 세포막과 세포내의 sulfhydryl기를 모두 감소시켰다. P-Chloromercuribenzoic acid와 p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid는 세포막의 sulfhydryl기를 유의하게 감소시켰으나 세포내 용해성 sulfhydryl기에는 영향을 주지않았다. Cysteine과 mercaptopropionylglycine는 superoxide 라디칼의 생성과 lysosomal enzyme의 유리를 억제하였다. Gluthathione은 superoxide생성에 영향을 주지 않았으나 뚜렷하게 lactic dehydrogenase의 유리를 억제하였다. N-ethylmaleiamide에 의한 superoxide 생성의 억제는 cysteine과 mercaptopropionyl-glycine에 의하여 반전되었으나 gluthathione의 영향은 없었다. N-ethylamleiamide에 의한 NADPH oxidase의 비활성화는 gluthathione, cysteine과 mercaptopropionylglycine에 의하여 저해되었다. Carbachol에 의하여 항진된 superoxide 라디칼 생성은 N-ethylamleiamide에 의하여 완전히 억제되었고, atropine에 의하여 길항되었다. 그러므로, 외부 자극에 대한 다형핵 백혈구 반응의 표현은 sulfhydryl기의 양의 변화와 연관이 있을 것으로 시사되었다. Lysosomal enzyme 유리는 세포막과 세포내의 sulfhydryl기에 의하여, 이에 반하여 superoxide생성은 세포내 sulfhydryl기에 의해서 영향받을 것으로 추정되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in gene expression after incubation of cells with soluble fraction from different silk mat layers. A silk cocoon from Bombyx mori was separated into 4 layers of equal thickness. The layers were numbered from 1 to 4 (from the inner to outer layer). Each silk mat was placed into normal saline and collected soluble fraction. They were administered to RAW264.7 cells, and changes in the expression of genes were evaluated by cDNA microarray analysis. Layer 1 and 4 groups showed significantly higher expression of BMP-2 at 8 h after administration of soluble fraction (P < 0.05). Runx2 expression was significantly higher in Layer 4 group at 8h (P < 0.05). The silk mat from the innermost and outermost portion of the silkworm cocoon showed a significant change in the expression of genes that are associated with osteoinduction such as BMP-2 and runx2.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1985

지의류(lichens) 수용성 추출물에 약리적인 효과를 알기위해 $CCl_4$로 흰쥐의 간손상을 유도시킨 후 단기간, 장기간 사육시켜서 간장조직의 mitochondrial respiration측정을 하였고 간장조직내의 lactate, malate와 fumarate glutamate, 혈청 glucose 및 간장조직의 glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 급성 만성의 간장애를 받은 쥐에서 4가지호흡지수(state 3 respiration P/O ratio, respiratory control, 합성된 ATP)로 측정된 mitochondrial respiration 기능이 지의류(lichens) 추출물을 섭취한 실험군이 대조군 보다 높았고, serum glucose, 간장내의 lactate, glutamate, malate와 fumarate및 glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도 실험군이 높은값을 나타내었다. 이것으로 지의류추출물은 간장조직의 mitochondrial respiration에 대해 보호작용과 해당과정을 촉진하는 작용이 있다는 것으로 추정된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of various vitamins on performance and digestibility in growing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 54 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $42.73{\pm}2.40kg$) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (6 pigs/pen) for 40 days. The three dietary treatments were: 100% fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and water-soluble vitamins (WSV); 150% FSV and 100% WSV of NRC (1998); and 100% FSV and 150% WSV of NRC (1998). In experiment 2, a total of 180 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $28.20{\pm}3.05 kg$) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates for four weeks (15 pigs/pen). The four dietary treatments were, 150% vitamin A and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin D and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin E and 100% other vitamins, and 150% vitamin K and 100% other vitamins. In experiment 1, there were significant differences in growth performance and digestibility of nutrients among the treatments. The ADG, ADFI and FCR of pigs fed 150% FSV diet were better (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR between pigs fed the control and 150% WSV diets. Digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and calcium were improved in 150% FSV treatment group compared with control (p<0.05). However, the improvement was similar when compared with 150% WSV except for Ca. In experiment 2, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR and nutrient digestibility between the fat-soluble vitamin treatments when fed at the 150% level. In conclusion, growing pigs were more responsive to additional fat-soluble vitamin supplements over the requirements suggested by NRC (1998) than to water-soluble vitamin supplements as measured by growth performance and digestibility of nutrients.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

건강기능식품 등 중 수용성 비타민 B군 (비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신, 비타민 $B_6$)의 동시분석 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. HPLC에 의한 수용성 비타민 B군의 분석 방법은 기기분석조건을 확립하고, 국내외 시험법 및 논문을 참고하여 시험 데이터를 분석하였다. 수용성 비타민 B군의 HPLC 분석은 270 nm에서 Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 컬럼을 사용하여 진행되었다. 분석법 검증은 수용성 비타민 B군의 직선성, 정확성, 정량한계, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 직선성은 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide), 비타민 $B_6$ 모두 $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}m/mL$의 농도범위에서 $R^2=0.999$ 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었다. 회수율을 검토한 결과, 비타민 $B_1$ 100~103%, 비타민 $B_2$ 104~112%, nicotinic acid 82~85%, nicotinamide 121~124%, 비타민 $B_6$ 95~104%의 양호한 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. LOQ는 비타민 $B_1$ $0.04{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_2$ $0.05{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinic acid $0.15{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinamide $0.08{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_6$ $0.63{\mu}m/mL$ 이었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과, $B_1$ 0.4%, 비타민 $B_2$ 0.4%, nicotinic acid 0.5%, nicotinamide 0.7%, 비타민 $B_6$ 0.4%로 1% 이내로 양호한 재현성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 동시분석법의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 어린이 기호식품 및 건강기능식품의 표시함량 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Ferritic stainless steel, which has been used as material for decoration parts in automobile, is recently used as material for the exhaust system due to its good performance at high temperature. To improve the fuel efficiency and purify automotive exhaust gas, it is needed to increase the temperature of exhaust gas. However, it is frequently reported that the rising of the temperature of exhaust gas increases thermal stress at exhaust manifold, which results in thermal fatigue failure in welded joints. Therefore, in this study, effects of chemical composition of steel and welding parameters on thermal fatigue properties of synthetic heat affected zone in ferritic stainless steel have been investigated. It has been found that thermal fatigue life in heat affected zone is affected by bead shape of welded joint and amount of soluble Nb in steel. Especially, Nb-Ti added steel has higher thermal fatigue life in comparison to Nb added steel, which is attributed to difference of precipitation behavior in both steels.