• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.900-905
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• 2001

In this study, the levels of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in Perilla frutescens seed were quantified and antimutageinc effects of perilla seeds extracts (method extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction and dietary fiber)was carried out IDF and SDF values of perilla seeds were 16.1% and 1.1% , respectively, with 17.2 of total fiber content. Among the solvent extracts of perilla seeds, methanol extract and methanol soluble fraction (MSF) effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$)in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, Methanol extract of perilla seeds showed 91% inhibition against AFB$_{1}$ mutagen under the 2.5 mg/assay concentration, and MSF inhibited the mutagenicity of 87% by adding 1.25,g/assay. However, perilla seed extracts showed low inhibition rate on the mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitosoguanidine(MNNG). And also, SDF and hexane extracts from perilla seeds did not show the antimutagenic effects against AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG. On the hand, IDF extracted from perilla seeds inhibited 21% of mutagenicity induced Trp-P-2 due to the carcinogen binding effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.296-304
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• 1998

The effects of common Korean dietary fiber-rich foods(dried sea mustard, Lentinus edodes and Korean radish leaves) on total gut transit time of diet, serum cholesterol level and mineral apparent absorption ration and tissue level were investigated. Twenty eight male were divided into 4 groups and were fed a control diet(containing 2% cellulose) and three fiber supplementary diet mixed with 10% of the above dietary fiber rich foods for 4 weeks, respectively. Body weight gain and food efficiency ration were not affected by the supplementary diet of fiber but the total gut transit time of diet was shortened in all dietary fiber groups. The Lentinus edodes reduced significantly serum total cholesterol and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio at 4th week without and effect on calcium and iron apparent absorptions and tissue levels of the minerals. Radish leaves decreased significantly iron apparent absorption ration with a tendency to increase iron retention in spleen and did not alter serum cholesterol level. Serum cholesterol concentration and calcium and iron apparent absorptions were not significantly altered by the ingestion of sea mustard, while it had more soluble dietary fiber than mushroom and radish leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1740-1746
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• 2012

Sparassis (S.) crispa is an edible mushroom abundant in dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-glucan. The aim of this study was to prepare extracts and residues of the fruit bodies of S. crispa fermented with Lactobacillus (L.) brevis and Monascus (M.) pilosus and to measure the remaining dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-glucan. Dried powder of S. crispa containing 64.4 g/100 g total dietary fiber (2.6 g/100 g soluble and 61.8 g/100 g insoluble dietary fibers) and 24.0 g/100 g ${\beta}$-glucan was used as the starting material for the extraction. Raw and fermented S. crispa were extracted with hot water and three kinds of aqueous ethanol (50, 70, and 90%, v/v), respectively. A hot water extract from S. crispa fermented with M. pilosus had greater soluble dietary fiber content (19.3 g/100 g) than that from raw S. crispa with 14.6 g/100 g soluble dietary fiber or that from L. brevis-fermented S. crispa with 8.2 g/100 g soluble dietary fiber. The yield of the extract was 16.6% of intial weight of dried S. crispa. After hot water extraction of S. crispa fermented with M. pilosus, residues containing 90.5 g/100 g total dietary fiber (1.3 g/100 g soluble and 89.2 g/100 g insoluble dietary fibers) were obtained, and the yield was 69.6% of intial weight of dried S. crispa. The residue (31.0 g/100 g) contained more ${\beta}$-glucan than raw S. crispa or M. pilosus-fermented S. crispa (24.4 g/100 g). The resulting hot water extract and residue from S. crispa fermented with M. pilosus would be suitable for use in preparing liquid and powdered health functional foods, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1994

Dietary fiber contents in brans of the two representative Korean rice varieties, Chucheong and Sucheon were measured by the AOAC method, and the composition of total dietary fiber (TDF) was analyzed with the acid detergent fiber (ADF) procedure. Rice bran contained more than 25% of TDF, most of which was insoluble dietary fiber. Hemicellulose was shown to be the major constituent and rice bran dietary fiber contained distinctive amounts of cellulose and uronic acid. Consecutive acidalkaline treatment of rice bran considerably increased soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content and water-holding capacity (WHC). WHC of wheat flour-rice bran dietary fiber mixture increased with the proportion of rice bran dietary fiber. Analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms revealed that rice bran dietary fiber effectively retarded retrogradation of wheat starch.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1995

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fiber on lipid concentration of liver and serum in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180$\pm$4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W, and F. Each group fed a diet containing 0.7% cholesterol and a kind of cereal among rice(R), brown rice(BR), barley(B), whole wheat(W), and wheat flour(F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follow : 1) Food intake. weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups. 2) Fecal wet weight and dry weight were significantly higher in W group which fed the most amount of IDF(insoluble dietary fiber). 3) The weight of large intestine was significantly heavier in the W group compared to the others. But the weights of liver, stomach and small intestine were not significantly different among the groups. 4) Total lipid. triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) content in liver were significantly different among the groups. The values were the lowest in the B group whose intake of SDF(soluble dietary fiber) was the highest 5) TC content in serum was not significantly different among the groups. TG content in serum was significantly lower in the rest groups than in the R group. HDL-c and free-c content in serum were significantly higher in the B group than in the rest groups. HDL-c/LDL-c, free-c/ester-c ratio were the highest in the B group but not significant. Above results show that the dietary fiber contained in cereals has physiological effects and they are different depending on fractions, IDF and SDF.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2000

The content of total dietary fiber in biji dried by hot air was 65.40%, and the percent of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber in total dietary fiber was 63.60% and 1.80%, respectively. In testing the feasibility of biji as a fiber source in cake, cakes were prepared with flour substituted with biji powder at the level of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The Hunter value showed that the crumb colors of the cakes with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder were significantly different from the control. The specific volume of the cake with 20% biji powder was significantly lower tan the other cakes. Cakes with 5%, 10% and 15% biji powder were les hard than the control after 10 days storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Sensory evaluations showed that their characteristics - crumb color, crumb texture, moistness, softness and overall preference - were significantly influenced by the replacement of flour with 10%, 15% and 20% biji powder. However, there was no difference in softness and overall preference of the cake prepared with 5% replacement compared to the control.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.274-283
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• 1994

To provide the efficient application scheme of buckwheat dietary fiber and basic information of seed germination, buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was germinated at 10$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and the contents and composition of the total dietary fiber(TDF), insoluble dietary fiber(IDF), soluble dietary fiber(SDF) wire examined at 24 hour intervals. The TDF content in ungerminated seeds was 24.86o on dry weight basis. It decreased for the 1st day of germination, but gradually increased for 7 days afterwords. The contents of IDF and SDF in ungerminated seeds were 22.05, 1.42% respectively. The IDF and SDF contents decreased in the initial stage of germination, but then gradually increased. The composition of the IDF and SDF in the TDF during the germination period showed different tendencies. The IDF decreased with germination time until 5 days and then increased. The SDV increased until 5 days and then decreased gradually. The TDF contents obtained by AOAC method were generally higher than those obtained by Prosky method. The TDF contents obtained by the two method, however, were very closely correlated (r=0.9966, p< 0.01) The IDF(X1) and SDF(X2) showed the significant regression equation(p<0.01) with the root length(Y). The equation was Y: -12.6681+0.5089${\times}$ 1 $\div$ 0.6022Xa and R2 was 0.968.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine if dietary fiber would reduce exposure of the tissues to dietary benzo[a]pyrene(BP) , a well-known carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, as evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity. The effects of three different sources of dietary fiber(pectin, polydextrose, and clellulose) on BPH activity were studied using Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, male rats were fed a fiber-free purified diet for 7 days, whereupon they were switched to experimentla diets for 48h. After 48h, their liver, stomach , small intestinal mucosa and large intestinal mucosa were assayed for BPH activity. Thissues exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(400mg/kg diet, fiber-free) showed significant increse in the activity of BPH ; 27 times in liver, 7 times in stomach, 18 times in small intestinal mucosa and 3 times in large intestine. The inhibition in BP -induced BPH activity by dietary fiber in liver, stomach and small intestinal mucosa was observed in the decreasing order : 10 % perctin > 10% polydextrose >5 % polydextrose > 10% cellulose. Decreased BPH induction indicates that soluble dietry fibers, especially pectin and polydextrose in this study, protect the tissues of digestive system from exposure to BP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 1997

To observe the food quality of Baik-kimchi which is known as a watery Chinese cabbage pickles without fish sauce and red pepper paste, the changes of dietary fibers and pectic substances during fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ were studied. Baik-kimchi fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ showed a greater changes in pH and acidity than those of 5$^{\circ}C$ during storage. Ripened Baik-kimchi products fermented at 5$^{\circ}C$ could be prepared on 9~12 days of fermentation, and those had a pH range from 4.25 to 4.40 and acidity of 0.34~0.53. But in the case of $25^{\circ}C$ fermentation, Baik-kimchi ripened for 3 days showed a pH of 4.02 and acidity of 0.54. The pH and acidity of the Baik-kimchi juice changed more rapidly than those of the Baik-kimchi solid regardless of fermentation temperatures. The content of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) was ranged from 3.06 to 4.87% at 5$^{\circ}C$ and a wide variation in SDF was observed in the sample fermented at $25^{\circ}C$(4.15~11.22%). Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) were increased from 21.66% to 28.42% in solid of Baik-kimchi during fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$ and ranged from 21.37% to 24.65% for sample fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. A notable amount of pectin had been dissolved in juice of Baik-kimchi till the best ripening time and showed the level of 223.2mg/100ml at 5$^{\circ}C$ on the day of 9 and 207.3mg/100ml at $25^{\circ}C$ on the day of 2. In contrast, the contents of pectin in solid Baik-kimchi decreased, whereas contents of sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin(HXSP) and HCl soluble pectin(HClSP) increased with fermentation period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.887-893
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to dtermine whether dietary fibers had an effect on postprandial plasma lipoprotein and liver lipid composition in rats. Each experimental diet ocntained 10 % dietary fiber by weight. All animals were sacrificed in postprandial state. Sodium alginate-fed animals has significantly lower plasma cholesterol, VLDL-, LDL-cholesterol, TG, and protein levels than did the fiber-free control group. In addition, liver cholesterol and TG concentrations were the lowest in sodium alginate -fed animals. There was no significant change in HDL-cholesterol levels among experimental groups. Cellulose-fed animals also have lower plasma cholesterol and TG levels than fiber-free controls, but liver TG concentrations were not different from those in fiber-free controls. This study demonstrates that dietary fiber included in the diet of rats is able to alter postprandial lipoportein cholesterol and TG, and that sodium alginate, a soluble fiber, was the most effective in lowering plasma and liver cholesterol and TG.