• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare solo eating perceptions and dietary behaviors in the Seoul and Gyonggi-do regions according to gender. The study focused on the dietary perceptions, solo eating, eating together, dietary habits, food intake patterns and 38 keywords pertaining to solo eating. Of 411 subjects, 207 (50.4%) were males and 204 (49.6%) were females. The biggest problem that respondents perceived in their dietary life was irregular eating. Women prepared meals more often than men (p<0.001) and ate more instant and frozen food than men (p<0.05). Both males and females missed breakfast most, and the amount of the population eating breakfast alone ranked second highest. Women had lunch alone more often than men, while men ate dinner alone more often than women (p<0.01). All respondents spent 5~15 min when eating alone. Women avoided excessive smoking and drinking more than men (p<0.001). Men related key words regarding solo eating with negative emotions such as 'lonely', 'boring', and 'feel sorry when I see someone eating alone in a restaurant' more than women. Conversely, women related more positive key words with eating alone such as 'free', 'joy', and 'my own time'. Dietary lives of Koreans have rapidly changed along with social changes. Our research findings will contribute to increased comprehensive menu development and HMR development in the foodservice industry.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2015

This study assessed gender differences of 'solo eating' perceptions and dietary behaviors among college students residing in Seoul and Kyongki province. Two types of questionnaires were used to analyze perception and dietary behaviors of subjects: a cross-sectional survey (N=893) and AGA (Associative Group Analysis; N=50). Women ate significantly more and intook a greater variety of foods when eating together (P<0.05). Men, on the other hand, showed no difference in these variables. Women, compared to men, spent more time eating both alone and together (P<0.001). In the associative group analysis (AGA), women showed a different semantic value for 'solo eating' compared to men. Women also tended to feel lonely when they ate alone and had positive images of eating together. Students began to decide their own dietary behaviors after junior and high school. Dietary lives of Koreans have rapidly changed along with social changes over the past half century. These research findings will contribute to more comprehensive and efficient nutrition education programs for preventing lifestyle-related diseases in the early stage of adulthood.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2010

This paper investigated the differences in the influence of visual merchandising on solo shopping consumers' store satisfaction and revisiting intention between Korean and American college students. Questionnaires were administered to 210 Korean(Pusan area) and 174 American students(Texas area) who had shopping alone in recent three month. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the store atmosphere and display of visual merchandising had a positive effect on solo shopping consumers' store satisfaction in both groups, whereas the convenience layout had a positive impact on store satisfaction in Korean group and the promotion did in American group. Second, the store atmosphere and display of visual merchandising had a positive effect on revisiting intention in Korean group, whereas the store atmosphere, display and layout had a positive impact on revisiting intention in American group.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.885-894
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• 2023

This study investigates and analyzes various marketing models that can overcome the economic challenges and resource scarcity faced by solo entrepreneurs. Previous research primarily focused on the integrated marketing communication (IMC) model, resulting in a lack of comprehensive discussion. In this study, we emphasized the IT content marketing communication model, considering a holistic analysis and the changing roles over time. As a result, we were able to propose a new strategic approach by integrating the ICM community model into a convergent value chain, improving the IMC model and promoting brand growth and online presence enhancement. This has laid the foundation for effectively increasing brand awareness and provided specific guidelines to support the sustained growth of solo entrepreneurship.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2010

In this paper, we present an analysis of how students understand some statistical terms, mainly from inferential statistics, which are taught at the high school level. We focus our analysis on those terms that present more difficulties and are persistent in spite of having been studied until the college level. This analysis leads us to a hierarchical classification of responses at different levels of understanding using the SOLO theoretical framework.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.389-391
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• 2021

Solo hand surgery is becoming increasingly common, mostly due to a lack of assistants and dedicated operating theatres. The solo hand surgeon faces challenges of proper hand positioning, elevation, and skin flap/tissue retraction. Most commercially available hand retractors or stands do not address all the relevant problems and are not economically feasible for trainee surgeons. The Jain's hand retractor system and stand, described herein, provides solutions to all these problems, and its simple design helps surgeons to reproduce it easily.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.280-289
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to explore the influences of 'having a meal with someone' on individuals' eating pattern. Eating is not a simple matter of energy intake but also serves to anchor daily routines being cultivated by people and society. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional eating behavior survey of university students (N = 893, 380 men, 513 women) aged 20 to 24 years. Results were analyzed and presented as frequencies, means and ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS 14.0. Differences in dietary habits by commensality and solo-eating were observed; Students who ate alone, spent 15 min for a meal and ate convenience food items when they didn't feel hungry. Compared to students who ate alone, those who ate together with someone spent 30 min for a meal and ate more amount of food. Eighty percent of respondents ate more various menus in commensality than solo-eating. They felt lonely when they ate alone and preferred to eat together. In conclusion, university students start to decide and select their own meals by themselves after junior and high school food services which are fixed with regard to menu and the amount. Dietary habits of Koreans rapidly changed concomitant with social changes over the past half century. Governments and health experts recognize that unbalanced meals cause lifestyle-related diseases, in particular obesity. Our research findings will contribute to more comprehensive efficient nutrition education programs in order to prevent obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases in early stages of adulthood.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2015

Single-incision laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer has recently been reported by Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. However, this is not a popular procedure primarily because of the technical difficulties involved in achieving consistent intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy. At Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, we recently introduced a simple, easy-to-use, low-profile laparoscopic manual scope holder that enables the maintenance of a stable field of view, the most demanding condition in single-port gastrectomy. In this technical report, we describe in detail the world's first solo single-incision laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection and intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy for proximal early gastric cancer.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.923-927
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• 2009

The recent growth of a digital music market induces increasing demands for music searching and recommendation services. In order to improve the performance of music-based application services, the process of extracting melodies from polyphonic music is essential. In this paper, we propose a method to extract melodies from piano solo music which is highly polyphonic and has a wide pitch range. We categorize piano music into three classes taking into account the characteristics of music, and extract melodies according to each class. The performance evaluation for the implemented system showed that our method works successfully on a variety of piano solo music.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.81-85
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• 1999