• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.80-83
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• 2003

Transcribability of pit or land groove structures in replicating an optical disk substrate greatly affects the performance of a high-density optical disk. However, a solidified layer, generated during the polymer filling, deteriorates transcribability because the solidified layer prevents the polymer melt in filling the sub-micro patterns. Therefore, the development of the solidified layer during filling stage of injection molding must be delayed. For this delay, passive heating by insulation layer has been used. In the present study, to examine the development of the solidified layer delayed by passive heating, the flow of polymer melt with passive heating was analyzed. Passive heating markedly delayed the development of the solidified layer, reduced the viscosity of the polymer melt, and increased the fluidity of the polymer melt in the vicinity of the stamper surface with the sub-micro patterns. As a result, we predict that passive heating can improve transcribability of an optical disk substrate. To verify our prediction, we fabricated an optical disk substrate by using passive heating of a mold and measured the transcribability.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

Transcribability of pit or land groove structures in replicating an optical disk substrate greatly affects the performance of a high-density optical disk. However, a solidified layer, generated during the polymer filling, deteriorates transcribability because the solidified layer prevents the polymer melt from filling the sub-micro patterns. Therefore, the development of the solidified layer during filling stage of injection molding must be delayed. For this delay, passive heating by insulation layer has been used. In the present study, to examine the development of the solidified layer delayed by passive heating, the flow of polymer melt with passive heating was analyzed. Passive heating markedly delayed the development of the solidified layer, reduced the viscosity of the polymer melt, and increased the fluidity of the polymer melt in the vicinity of the stamper surface with the sub-micro patterns. As a result, we predict that passive heating can improve transcribability of an optical disk substrate. To verify our prediction, we fabricated an optical disk substrate by using passive heating of a mold and measured the transcribability of an optical disk substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the leaching characteristics by the landfill of solidified sludge. pH of leachate was 3.7 - 5.8 and 8.0 - 10.4 in each column using sand as a top-soil layer on filled municipal waste and solidified cake. $NH_3$-N in leachate was increasing in the each column using sand as a top-soil layer on filled dewatered sludge and solidified cake, but decreasing in the each column using sand and solidified cake by top-soil layer on filled municipal waste. Also the concentration of $NO_3$-N was on the way of stabilizing but was difficult to find any tendency until now. Zn and Mn in leachates were the highest in the column filled with the solidified sludge, Cr, Pb and Cd were low concentration at each column.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

Recently, many researches on the dissipation of excess pore pressure in liquefied sand grounds have been performed to evaluate post-liquefaction behaviors of structures. In this paper. centrifuge tests were performed to simulate liquefaction behaviors of prototype soil. The evaluation model of solidified layer thickness was developed to simulate non-linear variation of solidified layer thickness with time. Also, the dissipation of excess pore pressure in liquefied sand was evaluated by applying the solidification theory and the consolidation theory. The developed model gives a good estimation of the solidified layer thickness and the time history of excess pore pressure.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.260-270
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• 1998

The viscous plane stagnation-flow solidification problem is theoretically investigated. An analytic solution at the beginning of solidification is obtained by expanding the temperature and thickness of solidified layer in powers of time. An exact expression for the steady-state thickness of solidified layer is also obtained. The .fluid flow toward the cold substrate inhibits the solidification process. As Stefan number becomes larger, or Prandtl number becomes smaller, the solidification is more strongly inhibited by the fluid flow. The transient heat flux at the liquid side of solid-liquid interface is increased, as Stefan number or Prandtl number is increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 1996

Experiments were performed to study solidification of phase change material on a finned vertical tube when either conduction In the solid or natural convection in a liquid controls the heat transfer. The liquid was housed in a cylindrical containment vessel whose surface was maintained at a uniform, time-invariment temperature during a data run, and the solidification occurred at a finned and unfinned vertical tube positioned along the axis of the vassel. The phase change material(PCM) employed in this experiment is 99 percent pure n-Octacosan paraffin($C -{28}H_{58}/$). For conduction-controlled and convection-controlled solidification, the enhancement of the solidified mass rate due to finning is great when the solidified layer is thin and decreases as the layer grows thicker. It is studied that the latent energy($E_{\lambda}$) is the largest contributor to the total extracted energy($E_{\lambda} ＋ E_{sl}＋E_{s2}$) and the total extracted energy rate at a finned vertical tube is greater than that at a unfinned vertical tube.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 1997

Commercial flake graphite cast iron substrate was coated with titanium powder by low pressure plasma spraying and was irradiated with a $CO_2$ laser to produce the wear resistant composite layer. From the experimental results of this study, it was possible to composite TiC particles on the surface layer by direct reaction between carbon existed in the cast iron matrix and titanium with thermal sprayed coating by remelting and alloying them using laser irradiation. The cooling rate of laser remelted cast iron substrate without titanium coating was about $1{\times}10^4$ K/s to $1{\times}10^5$ K/s in the order under the condition used in this study. The microstructure of alloyed layer consisted of three zones, that is, TiC particule crystallized zone (MHV $400{\sim}500$), the mixed zone of TiC particule+ledebulite (MHV $650{\sim}900$) and the ledebulite zone (MHV $500{\sim}700$). TiC particules were crystallized as a typical dendritic morphology. The secondary TiC dendrite arms were grown to the polygonized shape and were necking. And then the separated arms became cubic crystal of TiC at the slowly solidified zone. But in the rapidly solidified zone of fusion boundry, the fine granular TiC particules were grouped like grape.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.4-7
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• 2002

A recently developed phase separated composite film method has been employed to fabricate a liquid crystal (LC) based electro-optical device using a single glass substrate. The resulting device is made of adjacent parallel layers of LC and polymer maded by phase separation. The LC layer is confined between the solidified polymer layer on one side and the glass substrate on the other. The electro-optical properties of these devices demonstrate their technological potential in light weight and hand-held electronic products.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2002

A new type of LCD has been developed using recently developed phase separated composite film method with a single glass substrate. The resultant structures are made of adjacent parallel layers of liquid crystal and polymer. The LC layer is confined between the solidified polymer layer and glass substrate. The electra-optical properties of the display have been investigated. This technique has the potential to realize a lightweight display for hand-held portable electronic products.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2000

It was found that colloidal silica sprayed to the galvanized steel sheet apparently made the molten zinc layer solidified to be the randomly oriented fine grains. Its spraying effect was also little affected by steel temperature that had been considered as one of the major operating factors in this process. From the results of surface analysis, it is considered that aluminum dissolved in coating layer reduces silica to silicon by the oxidation-reduction reaction, and that the reduced silicon acts as a more effective nucleus in solidification reaction than phosphate salt, siica and alumina.