• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.913-922
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• 1987

In this paper the solidification phenomena at the molten pool has been modeled and simulated in terms with the one dimensional unsteady-state heat transfer of the solid and molten phase and the pressure distribution in the solid phase for the twin-roller continuous casting of Sn-15% Pb. The further purpose of this study was to effectively analyze the thermal and mechanical deformation of roll applying the results of the heat transfer and the pressure distribution to the boundary conditions. The strip thickness of rapidly solidified metallic strip decreases with increasing angular velocity of the roller and with increasing initial roll gap. For this reason the roll spacing and angular velocity of the rolls are considered to be main variables. The recommended optimal casting regimes for continuous strip dimensions is near 0.8mm-1.0mm in thickness at the given angular velocity .omega.=2.0 rad/sec. Results of the experiment using Sn-15% Pb are compared with model predictions. The calculated roll deformation has been in good agreement with the observed value of roll deformatiion. All the deformation. All the deformation of the roller is within the elastic range, the plastic yielding are not occured. However, these elastic stresses are sufficient to take place of the shortened roller life by the thermal fatigue and a notch fatigue. The higher cooling rates were obtained by a twin-roller quenching technique. Also the quenched microstructure of the rapidly solidified shell was verified.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.317-323
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• 2018

Crystal structure of the $L1_2$ type $(Al,X)_3Ti$ alloy (X = Cr,Cu) is analyzed by X-ray diffractometry and the nonuniform strain behavior at high temperature is investigated. The lattice constants for the $L1_2$ type $(Al,X)_3Ti$ alloys decrease in the order of the atomic number of the substituted atom X, and the hardness tends to increase. In a compressive test at around 473K for $Al_{67.5}Ti_{25}Cr_{7.5}$, $Al_{65}Ti_{25}Cr_{10}$ and $Al_{62.5}Ti_{25}Cu_{12.5}$ alloys, it is found that the stress-strain curves showed serration, and deformation rate dependence appeared. It is assumed that the generation of serration is due to dynamic strain aging caused by the diffusion of solute atoms. As a result, activation energy of 60-95 kJ/mol is obtained. This process does not require direct involvement. In order to investigate the generation of serrations in detail, compression tests are carried out under various conditions. As a result, in the strain rate range of this experiment, serration is found to occur after 470K at a certain critical strain. The critical strain increases as the strain rate increases at constant temperature, and the critical strain tends to decrease as temperature rises under constant strain rate. This tendency is common to all alloys produced. In the case of this alloy system, the serration at around 473K corresponds to the case in which the dislocation velocity is faster than the diffusion rate of interstitial solute atoms at low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.714-721
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out the similitude laws for dissipation velocity of excess pore pressure after liquefaction according to magnitude of input accelerations and height of model soils from the results of impulse load tests. In impulse load tests, model soils were constructed to the height of 25cm, 50cm, and 100cm in acrylic tubes whose inside diameters were 19cm and 38cm respectively, and impulse loads were applied at the bottom of each model soil to liquefy the entire model soil. Excess pore pressure distribution by depth and settlement of soil surface were measured in each test. Dissipation curves of excess pore pressure measured in each tests were simulated by solidification theory, and dissipation velocities of excess pore pressure were determined from the slope of simulated dissipation curves. From the results of impulse load tests, dissipation velocity of excess pore pressure was not affected by magnitude of input acceleration, and from this fact, dissipation process was proved to be different from dynamic phenomenon. However, dissipation velocity of excess pore pressure increased as height of model soil increased and showed little difference as diameter of model soil increased. Therefore, the similitude law for dissipation velocity could be expressed by the similitude law for model height to 0.2 without regard to the diameter of model soil.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.6
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• pp.46-53
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• 1998

A new method to form the double structured active layers of a-Si/a-SiN$_{x}$ of polycrystalline thin film transistor is proposed and poly-Si TFTs employed double structure active film are fabricated. Nitrogen ions were added to bottom amorphous silicon active film(a-SiN$_{x}$ ) and pure a-Si film deposition on a-SiN$_{x}$ was followed. The XeCl excimer laser was irradiated to crystallize double structure active film. The grain growth of upper a-Si film was also promoted in the double structured active layers of a-Si/a-SiN$_{x}$ due to the mitigation of solidification process of lower a-SiN$_{x}$ layer. Our experimental results show that the ratio of NH$_3$/SiH$_4$ is required to maintain below 0.11 for the reduction of contact resistance of n$^{+}$ poly-SiN$_{x}$ layer.r.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2001

Porous structures of aluminum foam have been studied by using return aluminum scrap. The apparent foam shape, foam height, density, pore size and their distributions in various section areas of the experimental samples have been investigated. The sample have been cast into metallic mold, using aluminum foam prepared from a precursor based on pure Al ingot and return aluminum scrap mixed with various amounts of 1-2wt% increasing viscosity and foam agent materials. The process provides for flexibility in design of foam structures via relatively easy control over the amount of hydrogen evolution and the drainage processes which occur during foam formation. This is facilitated by manipulating parameters such as the foaming agent, thermal histories during solidification and mix melt viscosities. A metal for producing the foamed are decomposing a foaming agent in a molten metal such that there is an initial and a subsequent expansion due to foaming agent. It has been found that the Al porous foaming with variation amount of 1∼2wt% foam agent and at 2min holding time, which melting temperature has appeared homogeneous pore size at 650∼700$^{\circ}C$. The compression strength were 10-13 kg/min at 125ppi, and increased by higher pore density. The acoustical performance of the panel made with the foamed aluminum is considerably improved; its absorption coefficient shows NRC 0.6-0.8. It has been found that the Al foam is very preferable for the compactness of the thermal system.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2010

AISI 316L 용접금속의 크롬/니켈 당량비에 따른 시그마상의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 응고모드가 다른 3종류의 플럭스 코어드 와이어를 제작하였다. AISI 316L 시편에 FCAW 프로세스를 적용한 용접재를 $650^{\circ}C$, $750^{\circ}C$, $850^{\circ}C$, $950^{\circ}C$에서 각 각 1H, 5H, 24H, 72H동안 열처리하였다. 크롬/니켈 당량비가 높을수록 즉, 크롬의 함량이 높아질수록 $\delta$-페라이트 함량은 증가하였으며, $\delta$-페라이트는 고온에서 시그마상으로 변태되었다. $\delta$-페라이트는 $650^{\circ}C$에서 가장 느리게 분해되었으며 $850^{\circ}C$에서 가장 활발히 분해되었다. 용접부의 특성상 크롬과 니켈 등의 합금원소에 의하여 응고온도범위가 넓어져 $950^{\circ}C$에서도 시그마상이 석출되었으며, 5시간 이상 유지 시 구형으로 존재하였다. 충격시험 시 시그마상에 의해 취약해진 inter-dendrite 를 따라 파면이 형성되었으며, $-100^{\circ}C$이하의 극저온에서는 시그마상의 양과 무관하게 충격흡수에너지는 0에 가까워졌다. 하지만 3%미만의 $\delta$-페라이트를 함유하는 AF모드에서 발생한 DDC와 미량의 시그마상은 충격흡수에너지에 결정적인 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 1994

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by fine steel wires were fabricated by squeeze casting process. Preforms made of fine steel wires were prepared with different surface conditions, namely uncoated(TN), carbo-nitriding treated(TT), and brass coated(TA). Squeeze casting were performed under the pressure of $1500kg/cm^2$ for 3min. during solidification, and pouring temp. of the melt being $750^{\circ}C$ and the steel mold being preheated at $250^{\circ}C$. Microstructural characteristics were evaluated, particularly concerned with the effect of the surface conditions of the preforms. The results obtained from this study are like these. TN specimens show partially non-wetted regions, due to easy formation of oxides on the surface of the fine steel wires. TT specimens show no interfacial reaction between the steel wires and the aluminum alloy matrix, possibly due to the formation of carbo-nitrided zone on the surface of the steel wires. TA specimens show excellent wettabillity between the reinforced steel wires and the aluminum alloy matrix and very thin interfacial zone is formed between them. During the solution hardening treatment of TA specimens, thickness of the interfacial reaction zones were increased with the solution treating time. TA specimens show typical ductile fracture in tensile test, but TT specimens show brittle fracture possibly due to the formation of the brittle hard surface on the steel wires during carbo-nitriding treatments. TA specimens which were reinforced with 40 vol.% of the fine steel wires exhibit high tensile strength of $77.1kgf/mm^2$ and impact value of $8.1kgf-m/cm^2$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a method for manufacturing high strength gray cast irons by adding a rare earth element (R.E.) included in a spent permanent magnet scrap to gray cast irons. The improvement of the mechanical properties of gray cast irons is attributed to A-type graphite formation promoted by complex sulfide, which was formed by R.E. in the spent magnets during a solidification process. The cast specimen inoculated by R.E. in the spent magnet scrap showed excellent tensile strength up to 306 MPa, and is similar to that of the specimen inoculated by expensive misch-metal. In this regards, we concluded that the cheap spent magnets scrap is a very efficient inoculation agent in fabrication of high performance gray cast irons.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2009

AISI 316L 스테인리스강에 새롭게 디자인한 서로 다른 3가지 응고모드를 가진 와이어로 FCAW(Flux Cored Arc Welding)을 하였다. 각각의 3가지 와이어는 Pseudobinary phase diagram에 따라 AF, FA, F모드를 가졌다. 미세조직은 $Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$이 증가할수록 델타 페라이트 함량이 증가하였으며, 초정 상의 경우 초정 오스테나이트에서 초정 페라이트로 변태하였고, 연성저하균열의 민감도가 감소하였다. 연성저하균열은 이동결정립계의 형상에 따라 좌우되며, 미량의 페라이트를 함유한 오스테나이트에서는 페라이트가 핀(Pin) 역할을 제대로 하지 못하여 직선형태의 이동 결정립계 따라 입계 미끄러짐의 메커니즘을 통해 전파되었으며, 곡선형태의 이동 결정립계에서는 델타 페라이트가 핀 역할을 하여 역할을 하여 구속 상태에서 응력집중을 막고 응력을 분산시켜 균열이 전파되는 것을 방해하여 균열이 발생되지 않았다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.359-366
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• 2009

In this study, paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanosuspension (PxLN) was prepared and the in vivo profiles after intravenous administration in rats were investigated. We compared the manufacturing processes depending on the temperature: PxLN-H for a hot homogenization process and PxLN-C for solidification of lipid-drug mixtures by liquid nitrogen. Both formulations showed submicron size distribution and the similar drug loading efficiency of about 70%. In vitro release of PxLNs and Taxol$^{(R)}$ performed by a dialysis diffusion method showed similar pattern for PxLN-H and Taxol$^{(R)}$, but the reduced release profile for PxLN-C. PxLN or Taxol$^{(R)}$ was intravenously administered to the rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg as paclitaxel. The drug in blood samples were assayed by the HPLC/MS/MS method. The AUC$_t$ of PxLN-H was 3.4-fold greater than that of Taxol$^{(R)}$. PxLN-H gave higher biodistribution in all tissues than did Taxol$^{(R)}$. In addition, it maintained the higher drug concentration for 12 h. This lipid nanosuspension might be a promising candidate for an alternative formulation for the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble paclitaxel.