• 멤브레인
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 기존의 중량법과 광산란법과는 원리와 기술이 다른 입도별 부유물질 측정용 분리막 모듈 및 장치를 개발하기 위한 원리를 수립하기 위한 기초 자료를 확립하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 위하여, 이산화규소 및 덱스트란(dextran), 카올린(kaolin), PEG (polyethylene glycol) 부유용액을 대상으로 유리섬유 여과지 GF/C와 GF/A를 분리막 모듈에 장착하여 여과시키면서, 디지털 압력계를 사용하여 막간압력차(TMP, Trans-membrane pressure) 변화를 측정하였다. 모사용액의 농도와 TMP 변화율 기울기의 상관관계식을 TMP 변화 실험 결과로부터 구하여, TMP 변화 기울기로부터 시료의 농도를 예측할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Despite of the increasing importance of environmental mycobacteria, detection and identification of mycobacteria from environmental sources including water have been fraught with technical difficulties. Although, several protocols to optiruize isolation of mycobacteria from water sources have been reported, standard method has not yet been established. In this study, usefulness of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, for the isolation of environmental mycobacteria from diverse water samples was evaluated. For this, water samples from diverse water sources such as effluent water, lake water, and underground water were collected, treated with diverse concentrations of CPC, and plated on the solid agar plates. Subsequently individual colonies grown on the plates were sequence analyzed for identification of each colony. In brief, the results from this study showed that the growth of mycobacteria was enhanced by use of CPC as a pre-treatment reagent to water samples by inhibiting growth of other non-mycobacteria in water. In fact, the effect of CPC to decontaminate non-mycobacteria for isolation of mycobacteria was better than 1~4% of NaOH, which is a routinely used decontaminating reagent widely employed for culturing mycobactera from sputum specimens. Therefore, the results from this study seems to support that the CPC pre-treatment may be useful for isolation of mycobacteria from diverse sources including clinical specimens which are often contaminated with other bacteria.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2010

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Many pharmaceuticals are not completely removed during wastewater treatment, leading to their presence in wastewater treatment effluents, rivers, lakes, and ground water. Here, we developed analytical methods for monitoring ten pharmaceuticals from surface water by LC/ESI-MS/MS. For sample clean-up and extraction, MCX (mixed cation exchange) and HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used. The limits of detection (LOD) in distilled water and the blank surface water were in the range of 0.006 - 0.65 and 1.66 - 45.05 pg/mL, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the distilled water and the blank surface water were in the range of 0.02 - 2.17 and 5.52 - 150.15 pg/mL, respectively. The absolute recoveries for fortified water samples were between 62.1% and 125.4%. Intra-day precision and accuracy for the blank surface water were 2.9% - 24.1% (R.S.D.) and -16.3% - 16.3% (bias), respectively. In surface wastewater near rivers, chlortetracycline and acetylsalicylic acid were detected frequently in the range of 0.017 - 5.404 and 0.029 - 0.269 ng/mL, respectively. Surface water near rivers had higher levels than surface water of domestic treatment plants.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2004

Analytical methods were developed to determine cyclosulfamuron residues in soil, water, rice grain and straw using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet absorption detection. In these methods, cyclosulfamuron was extracted with aqueous $Na_2HPO_4$/acetone and acetone/methanol mixture from soil and rice samples respectively. Liquid-liquid partition coupled with ion-associated technique, Florisil column chromatography, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used to separate cyclosulfamuron from interfering co-extractives prior to HPLC analysis. For water sample, the residue was enriched in $C_{18}$-SPE cartridge, cleaned up in situ, and directly subjected to HPLC. Reverse-phase HPLC under ion-suppression was successfully applied to determine cyclo-sulfamuron in sample extracts with the detection at its ${\lambda}_{max}$ (254 nm). Recoveries from fortified samples averaged $87.8{\pm}7.1%$ (n=12), $97.3{\pm}7.2%$ (n=12), $90.8{\pm}6.6%$ (n=6), and $78.5{\pm}6.7%$ (n=6) for soil, water, rice grain and straw, respectively. Detection limits of the methods were 0.004 mg/kg, 0.001 mg/L, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg for soil, water, rice grain and straw samples, respectively.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.300-316
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• 2002

수질 및 토양 시료 중의 PBBs의 분석방법 확립을 위해 표준물질이 준비된 PBBs 22종을 대상으로 추출 및 정제 등의 전처리 회수율 및 검출한계를 환경시료로부터 얻었다. PBBs의 시료 추출법으로 액/액, 속실렛, 초음파 추출법을 적용하였고, 실리카겔, 플로리실 정제컬럼의 적용성 검토 후 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 수질 시료의 경우 검출한계는 브롬화된 정도에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였고 5~10 ng/L이었으며, n-hexane, dichloromethane 및 toluene 등의 단일 용매의 평균회수율은 96~107%, n-hexane:acetone (1:1) 및 (9:1)의 혼합용매의 평균 회수율은 60~80%로 나타났다. 또한, 토양 시료의 경우 검출한계는 0.5~3.5 ng/g이었으며, 선정 용매의 평균 회수율은 속실렛 추출이 67~97% 및 초음파 추출이 64~76%로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2008

의약물질(PPCPs)은 수질 환경 시료에서 새로운 오염물질로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LC/ESI-MS/MS를 이용하여 환경 수질 시료로부터 7 종(2-퀴노사린카르복시산, 아세틸살리실산, 디클로페낙-소듐, 나프록센, 이부프로펜, 메페남산, 탈니플루메이트)의 산성의약물질을 동시 분석하는 방법을 비교하여 개선하였으며 폐수처리장의 유입수 및 방류수 그리고 연장선상의 하천수의 오염도를 측정하였다. LC/ESI-MS/MS 분석을 위해서 MCX (Mixed Cation eXchange) 카트리지와 HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) 카트리지를 연결하는 텐뎀 고체상 추출법과 MCX 카트리지만을 사용하는 고체상 추출법을 이용하여 효과적인 시료 정제 및 추출을 수행하였다. 검출한계(LODs)와 방법검출한계(MDLs)는 각각 0.05~1.50 pg/mL, 0.17~4.90 pg/mL 범위를나타내었다. 시료중 1.0 ng/mL 농도(n=3)에서절대회수율은 81.9%~116.3%를 나타내었다. 수질 환경 시료에서 수 pg/mL~ng/mL의 농도로 산성의약물질이 측정되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.591-607
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• 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from red pine needles in the process of needle abscission or senescence. The VOCs in intact, senescent, and litter red pine needle samples were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). And then, multivariate statistical interpretation of the processed data sets was conducted to investigate similarities and dissimilarities of the needle samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the dataset structure and discrimination between samples, respectively. From the data preview, the levels of major components of VOCs from needles were not significantly different between needle samples. By PCA investigation, the data reduction according to classification based on the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b (Ca/Cb) ratio were found to be ideal for differentiating intact, senescent, and litter needles. The following OPLS-DA taking Ca/Cb ratio as y-variables showed that needle samples were well grouped on score plot and had the significant discriminant compounds, respectively. Several compounds had significantly correlated with Ca/Cb ratio in a bivariate correlation analysis. Notably, the litter needles had a higher content of oxidized compounds than the intact needles. In summary, we found that chemical compositions of VOCs between intact, senescent, and litter needles are different each other and several compounds reflect characteristic of needle.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.145-145
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• 2003

A method for the determination of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A in paper materials using GC/MS-SIM has been developed. Eleven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of phenols in paper samples were extracted with acetonitrile. Also, solid-phase extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The recoveries were 82.4∼108.8 % by area ratio of pheranthrene-d$\sub$10/ vs bisphenol A d$\sub$l6/. (isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization) The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9717∼0.9995 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9842∼0.9980 (TBDMS derivatization). The range of concentrations was respectively, 0.95∼l.44 ng/g in 2,4-dichlorophenol, 1.01∼1.17 ng/g in t-butylphenol, 2.17∼5.84 ng/g in pentachlorophenol, 12.68∼14.88 ng/g in nonylphenol and 30.84∼153.72 ng/g in bisphenol A.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2003

A new technique is proposed for the determination of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A in tap water. The sample preparation consists of a solid phase extraction (SPE) of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A from a water sample with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isobutyloxycarbonyl (isoBOC) derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatives for sensitive analysis with the GC/MS-SIM mode. The recoveries were 86.6∼105.2 % (isoBOC derivatization) and 97.6∼484.5 % (TBDMS derivatization), respectively. The limit of quantitation of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A for SIM were 0.001∼0.050 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l (isoBOC derivatization) and 0.003∼0.050 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l (TBDMS derivatization). The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9755∼0.9981 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9908∼0.9996 (TBDMS derivatization). The derivative methods and their application to tap water samples will be disscussed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.636-647
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• 2016

Magnetite nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$ NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitating method under optimized condition. The $Fe_3O_4$ NPs coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate-thenoyltrifluoroacetone ($Fe_3O_4$ NPs-SDS-TTFA) were then exerted as the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for the extraction process prior to introducing to a flame atomic adsorption spectrometry (FAAS). The synthesized $Fe_3O_4$ NPs-SDS-TTFA were applied for the extraction of Pb(II) ions from different water samples. The characterization studies of nanoparticles were performed via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive micro-analysis (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The substantial parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were surveyed and optimized. A dynamic linear range (DLR) of $10-400{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ was obtained and the limit of detection (LOD, n=7) and relative standard deviation (RSD%, n= 6, $C=20{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) were found to be $2.3{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and 1.9%, respectively. According to the results, the proposed method successfully applied for the extraction of Pb(II) ions from different environmental water samples and satisfactory results achieved.