• Title/Summary/Keyword: Solid Wastes

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Analysis of Biomass Energy Potential around Major Cities in South Korea (국내 주요도시 주변의 바이오매스 에너지 잠재량 분석)

  • Kook, Jin Woo;Lee, See Hoon
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.178-183
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    • 2015
  • Biomass is recognized as one of important renewable energy sources because it can be converted and used as solid, gaseous and liquid forms. Also, biomass is one of promising ways to solve the depletion of fossil fuels and global warming problems. The information about local biomass energy potentials and space energy densities can be powerfully utilized to determine the scale of biomass energy conversion plant and to analyze economic effects. The latest data on domestic biomass resources, such as agricultural, forestry, livestock and urban wastes, were collected from various government organizations and institutes and were analyzed to calculate biomass energy potential and space energy density. As local areas in South Korea to collect biomass resources increased, energy potentials increased, but space energy densities of total biomass decreased.

Far-field Transport of Effluent Plumes Discharged from Masan Sea Outfalls

  • Kim, Young-Do;Kang, See-Whan;Seo, Il-Won;Oh, Byung-Cheol
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2000
  • A 3-D particle tracking model with normalized characteristic equations has been developed to predict the variation of near-field mixing characteristics and the far-field transport of the effluent plumes discharged from sea outfalls. The model was applied to the case study on the Masan sea outfall plumes discharged through a submerged multiport-diffuser. Numerical simulations of the effluent transport for 15 days which cover neap and spring tidal cycles in Masan Bay were conducted using fall velocities of the solid wastes and the initial plume characteristics obtained from normalized near-field characteristic equations. The results showed that time variations in near-field minimum dilutions with tidal ambient flow conditions are about $45{\sim}49$. Most of the heavy particles in the effluent plumes were settled and deposited in the vicinity of the outfalls immediately, and the finer particles were transported eastwards 3 km away from the outfalls for 15 days. A similar depositional trend of contaminated sediment was also found during a recent field survey.

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Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Abatement Potential for the Korean Waste Sector (한국의 폐기물부문의 온실가스 배출량 및 감축잠재량 분석)

  • Chung, Yongjoo;Kim, Hugon
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.17-31
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    • 2016
  • Waste sector has been a target of abatement policies by the most governments, even though its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is not so high, since it is related to almost of other sectors. This study propose new GHG calculation equations which resolves logical contradiction of IPCC GL (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guideline) equations by including waste-to-energy effects. According to two GHG calculation equations, GHG emission inventory and BAU by the year 2050 have been computed. And GHG abatement potential and marginal cost for the five abatement policies carefully selected from the previous researches have been calculated for the year 2020. The policy that makes solid fuel like RDF from flammable wastes and uses them as combustion fuel of electricity generations has been found to be the most efficient and effective one among five policies. The cumulative abatement amount when five policies not mutually exclusive are applied sequentially has been reckoned.

Environmental Effect of the Coffee Waste and Anti-Microbial Property of Oyster Shell Waste Treatment

  • Thenepalli, Thriveni;Ramakrishna, Chilakala;Ahn, Ji Whan
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 2017
  • Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed beverages in the world, which leads to a high contents of solid residue known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). As is known, coffee beans contain several classes of health related chemicals, including phenolic compounds, melanoidins, diterpenes, xanthines and carotenoids. The waste water coming out of coffee industries has high concentration of organic pollutants and is very harmful for surrounding water bodies, human health and aquatic life if discharged directly into the surface waters. Hence it is essential to treat and manage the coffee waste. Oyster shells are a waste product from mariculture that creates a major disposal problem in coastal regions of southeast Korea. In the study, the oyster shell waste was used to treat the coffee waste and its effluents. Oyster shells are calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, and allowed to test the calcined CaO powder ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in different aging coffee wastes. Calcined oyster shell powder showed anti-bacterial effect that inhibited cell growth of Escherichia coli and other bacterial forms. The antimicrobial activity of calcium oxide from oyster shell waste for biological treatment and utilization as a fertilizers with economic ecofriendly in nature.

Environmental Assessment of Vitrified Mine Tailing Aggregate Using Various Leaching Methods (고농도 중금속 함유 광미를 이용한 유리화 처리 골재의 장기 용출특성에 따른 환경안전성 평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Woo;Chun, Sa-Ho;Lee, Ki-Kang;Lee, Sanghoon
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2007
  • Vitrified aggregates obtained by using mine tailings were evaluated using various leaching methods to assess their environmental safety. The leaching tests in this study include continuous batch leaching, Dutch availability leaching, pH-stat and tank diffusion test as well as TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure), which is commonly adopted. Vitrification technique has successfully been applied treating some solid wastes containing high level of heavy metals, such as EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) dust and mine tailings. The potentially most leachable element among trace metals was As and theoretically about 7% of total concentrations in the aggregate can be released under extreme condition. Zinc was leached about 4% and the other trace metals including Cd, Cr and Pb were hardly released from the vitrified mine tailing aggregate.

Studies on the Microbial Utilization of Agricultural Wastes (Part 11) production of Ethanol and Xylose by Simultaneous Hydrolysis-Fermentation Using Cellulases and Yeast (농산폐자원의 미생물학적 이용에 관한 연구 (제11보) 섬유질자원에서 Ethanol 및 Xylose 의 생산)

  • Kim, Byung-Hong;Bae, Moo
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 1979
  • Ethanol and Xylose were produced from cellulosic agricultural waste such as rice straw and corn cob by a single-step simultaneous hydrolysis-fermentation process utilizing semi-solid culture of Trithoderma as enzyme source and Saccharomyces yeast. By this process all the hexoses prduoced by the enzyme were converted to ethanol leaving pentoses which are not fermented by the yeast. By processing 50 g of rice straw, 18 ml of ethanol and 2.7 g of xylose were produced and 50 g corn cob produced 3.8 ml of ethanol and 10.8 g of xylose. Alkali-treatment of rice straw showed little effects on the productivities of ethanol and xylose. The possible reasons are discussed.

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Estimation Method of Potential Biomass Resources in Korea (국내 바이오매스 자원 잠재량 산정방법)

  • Lee, Joon-Pyo;Hwang, Kyung-Ran;Park, Soon-Chul
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.332-336
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    • 2008
  • The resource potentials biomass resources of South Korea are estimated as Preliminary stage using relevant National statistics. Biomass resources possibly be collected, used and converted to bioenergy in Korea are forest biomass, agricultural residue, livestock manure and municipal solid wastes. The potential biomass resources are classifying into total potential, available potential and technically feasible biomass resources, Total potential biomass resources in Korea are estimated to be around 140million tons of oil equivalent (toe). Available potentials are estimated to be around 11million annually. The technically feasible biomass resources with current technologies are estimated to be 2.3million toe annually. These estimated values are the minimum of all potentials since they are all estimated from explicit statistics. Although actually there exist huge amount of biomass on the land as well as in the sea, potential resources for bioenergy are believed to be limited. The potentials are to be inclosed with the improvement of bioenergy technologies.

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Overproduction of Laccase by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus Using Apple Pomace as Inducer

  • Park, Young-Jin;Yoon, Dae-Eun;Kim, Hong-Il;Kwon, O-Chul;Yoo, Young-Bok;Kong, Won-Sik;Lee, Chang-Soo
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.193-197
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    • 2014
  • Laccase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus is significantly increased by the addition of apple pomace. Among various conditions, the best concentration of apple pomace and cultivation time for the production of laccase by P. ostreatus was 2.5% and 9 days, respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of laccase isoenzyme genes, including pox1, pox3, pox4, poxc, poxa3, and poxa1b, revealed a clear effect of apple pomace on transcription induction. Our findings reveal that the use of apple pomace can be a model for the valuable addition of similar wastes and for the development of a solid-state fermenter and commercial production of oyster mushroom P. ostreatus.

Recent Trends of Using Alternative Nutrient Sources for Microalgae Cultivation as a Feedstock of Biodiesel Production (바이오디젤 생산원료로써 미세조류의 배양을 위한 대체 영양원 사용 기술)

  • Dang, Nhat Minh;Lee, Kisay
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2018
  • Microalgae is considered as one of environmentally sustainable and potential feedstocks to produce biodiesels. However, recent studies on life cycle assessments (LCA) of microalgal buidiesels have shown that energy requirement is not small to produce biodiesel from microalgae, especially during cultivation stage. The costs for carbon sources, nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorous, and water for cultivation can contribute up to 80% of the total medium costs. In the present article, recent trends on the utilization of several promising nutrient sources such as municipal wastewaters, organic fertilizers, combustion exhaust emissions and organic solid wastes were reviewed, and the potential strategies to be used as substitutes of artificial culture media, especially for the biodiesel production, were discussed.

Intermittent Aeration Composting of Cattle Manure with Rice Hulls in a Batch Composter (回分式 발효조에서 牛糞과 왕겨 混合物의 間歇 通氣 堆肥化)

  • Hong, Ji-Hyung;Park, Keum-Joo;Sohn, Bo-Kyoon
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.123-133
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    • 1996
  • Recently, a greater interest has been placed on the methods of acration control for management of maloders during composting. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the intermittent aeration method on the composting temperature and chemical components. Combinatoins of cattle manure and rice hulls were placed on a batch composter(3,150-L size) practically designed. The chemical properties of the produced compost were suitable for plant growth, when composting temperature was maintained in the range from 45 to $66^{\circ}C$ for 42 days. It should be noted that cooling effect of intake air was not significant because air temperature was as high as $30^{\circ}C$. Heat and aeration loss from the composter did not affect biomass decomposition by microbes during composting. Mixtures of materials with C/N ratios higher than 30 required longer composting period.

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