• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.14-27
• /
• 2020

Differential scanning calorimetry and numerical analysis were performed to estimate the performance degradation and ignition characteristics of the pyrotechnic device due to aging. The reaction kinetics extracted from the calorimetry are implemented into the numerical simulation of the igniter and the pyrotechnic delay, subjected to natural, thermal, and hygrothermal aging conditions. Also, combustion experiments are conducted to confirm that aging due to moisture is a major cause of performance failure of the pyrotechnic device as shown from the present numerical simulations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.218-221
• /
• 2009

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as high-temperature fuel cells, have various advantages. In some merits of SOFCs, high temperature operation can lead to the capability for internal reforming, providing fuel flexibility. SOFCs can directly use CH4 and CO as fuels with sufficient steam feeds. However, hydrocarbons heavier than CH4, such as ethylene, ethane, and propane, induce carbon deposition on the Ni-based anodes of SOFCs. In the case of the ethylene steam reforming reaction on a Ni-based catalyst, the rate of carbon deposition is faster than among other hydrocarbons, even aromatics. In the reformates of heavy hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, kerosene and JP-8), the concentration of ethylene is usually higher than other low hydrocarbons such as methane, propane and butane. It is importatnt that ethylene in the reformate is removed for stlable operation of SOFCs. A new methodology, termed post-reforming was introduced for removing low hydrocarbons from the reformate gas stream. In this work, activity tests of some post-reforming catalysts, such as CGO-Ru, CGO-Ni, and CGO-Pt, are investigated. CGO-Pt catalyst is not good for removing ethylene due to low conversion of ethylene and low selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation. The other hand, CGO-Ru and CGO-Ni catalysts show good ethylene conversion, and CGO-Ni catalyst shows the best reaction selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2015

The rapid industrial development is facing problem due to energy depletion in Korea. So that, it can be necessary to develop alternative energy sources. Alternative energy like biofuels can be produced by using waste fuel, which is ecofriendly. As we know, the organic waste was banned to dump in landfill and ocean dumping. The most practicable method usually used to reduce organic waste is getting feedstuff or composting, considering the discharge characteristics of agricultural by-products waste treatment were selected. In this study, bio-coal was made using agriculture by product. Biocoal was prepared by adding 50 g of uniformly mixture into reactor and was carbonized at low temperatures 210, 220, and 230℃. The time of reaction was 1, 2 and 3 hours. Bio-coal approximately was similar to the standard of solid fuels. Other characteristics of fuel were also studied. The experiments which were analyzed were moisture content and calorific value, ash, chlorine, sulfur and heavy metals analysis as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and chromium. As a result, bio-coal 220℃, 2 hours was the optimal conditions while heating.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.324-332
• /
• 2004

According to the rapid depletion of the fossil fuels, the electricity and hydrogen will gradually take charge of the future energy supply. Especially, in order to control the supply and demand of electricity, energy storage medium is necessary and this could be solved by the combination of water electrolysis and fuel cell. Although electricity can be generated from such alternative energies as hydropower, nuclear, solar, and wind-power resources, alternative energy storage medium is also required since regenerative energies, solar and wind-powers, are intermittent energy resources. In this regard, hydrogen production from water electrolysis was recognized as a superb method for electricity storage. In this work, the current development and economic status of alkaline, solid polymer, and high temperature electrolysis were reviewed, and then the practical use of water electrolysis technology were discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.178-187
• /
• 2019

Due to the increasing demand of high rank coal, the use of low rank coal, which has economically advantage, is rising in various industries using carbonaceous solid fuels. In addition, the severe disaster of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions is becoming more serious. The Republic of Korea set a goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by supporting the use of biomass from the Paris International Climate Change Conference and the 8th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand. In line with these worldwide trends, this paper focuses on investigating the combustibility of high rank coal Carboone, low rank coal Adaro from Indonesia, Baganuur from Mongolia and, In biomass, wood pellet and herbaceous type Kenaf were simulated as kinetic reactivity model. The accuracy of the pore development model were compared with experimental result and analyzed using carbon conversion and tau with grain model, random pore model, and flexibility-enhanced random pore model. In row lank coal and biomass, FERPM is well-matched kinetic model than GM and RPM to using numerical simulations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2023

This study presents a CRUD modelling to simulate the thermal resistance behavior of CRUD, deposited on the surface of a cladding tube of a fuel assembly. When heat produced from fuels transfers to a coolant through a cladding tube, the CRUD acting as an additional thermal resistance is expressed as two layers, i.e., a solid oxide layer and an imaginary fluid layer, which are added to the experimental tube's heat structure of the MARS-KS input data. The validation calculation for the experiments performed in UNIST-DISNY facility showed that the center and surface temperatures of the cladding tube increased as the porosity and the steam amount inside pores of the CRUD got higher. In addition, the temperature gradient in the imaginary fluid layer was calculated to be larger than that in the solid oxide part, indicating that the steam amount inside the layer acted more largely as thermal resistance. It was also evaluated through sensitivity calculations that the cladding tube temperature was more sensitive to the CRUD porosity and the steam amount in pores than to the inlet flow rate of the coolant.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.620-628
• /
• 2014

Direct Carbon Fuel Cell(DCFC) is one of new power generation that the chemical energy of solid carbon can be converted into electrical energy directly. At the high temperature, the electrochemical reaction of the carbon takes place and the carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide as followed overall reaction ($C+O_2{\rightarrow}CO_2$). However, in case of using the raw coals as a fuel of DCFC, the volatile matter containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produces at operating temperature. In this study, the electrochemical reaction of Adaro coal was compared with Graphite. This work focused on the electrochemical reaction of two kinds of solid carbon by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS). The EIS results were estimated by equivalent circuit analysis. The constant phase element(CPE) was applied in Randle circuit to explain an electrode and fuel interface. The correlation between the fuel characteristic and electrochemical results was discussed by elements of equivalent circuit of each fuel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.840-843
• /
• 2002

The dry pulverizing/Mixing device is used to deal with the spent fuels for the safe disposal. The separated pellets from hulls by a slitting device are put and oxidized from UO$_2$ solid pellet to U$_3$O$\_$8/ powder in the device. The device have been developed based on a voloxidation method which is one of several dry de-cladding methods. We have benchmarked dry de-cladding methods, analyzed applicability to the advanced spent fuel management process, integrated and compared several configuration, and finally derived detailed specifications proper to requirements for the device. Also, thermal characteristics of the device such as thermal stress and strain have been analyzed by the commercial software, 1-DEAS, and the reliability of the results have been verified by the KOLAS(Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme). The UO$_2$ solid pellets are put in the device which has a capacity of 20 kgHM per a batch, heated up about 600$^{\circ}C$ in the air environment. Then, the UO$_2$ solid pellets are oxidized into the U$_3$O$\_$8/ powder, and the powder is collected in a special vessel. The device has been designed and developed as fellows: the multi-staged fine hole meshes are used to reduce the size of the powder gradually, heat and air(oxygen) are supplied continuously to reduce the reaction time, and slight vibration effect are applied to collect powder cling to the device.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2017

The study for the combustion characteristics of propellants for nozzleless boosters was carried out. The metal fuels of Al and Zr were introduced into solid propellant formulations in order to enhance the density-specific impulse and the high burning rate with low pressure exponent was investigated as the major combustion characteristic of propellant to design nozzleless boosters. The burning rate of Zr-containing propellant was higher than Al-containing propellant and, $13{\mu}m$ Zr-containing propellant exhibited the burning rate of 35 mm/s (at 1000 psi)and pressure exponent of 0.3282. The benefit of using Al and Zr-containing propellant into nozzleless boosters was demonstrated in these results.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.336-345
• /
• 2020

Nickel-doped lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCo_1-xNi_xO_3-δ, LCN) was investigated as an alternative anode material for solid oxide fuel cells. To improve its catalytic activity for steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction, Ni²⁺ was substituted into Co³⁺ lattice in LaCoO₃. LCN anode, synthesized using the Pechini method, reacts with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte at high temperatures to form an electrochemically inactive phase such as La₂Zr₂O₇. To minimize the interlayer by-products, the LCN was coated via a double-tape casting method on the Ni/YSZ anode as a catalytic functional layer. By increasing the Ni doping amount, oxygen vacancies in the LCN increased and the cell performance improved. CH₄ fuel decomposed to H₂ and CO via SMR reaction in the LCN functional layer. Hence, the LCN-coated Ni/YSZ anode exhibited better cell performance than the Ni/YSZ anode under H₂ and CH₄ fuels. LCN with 12 mol% of Ni (LCN12)-modified Ni/YSZ anode showed excellent long-term stability under H₂ and CH₄ conditions.