• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.55.1-55
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• 2001

Foot, as a supporting base of human body, Is very important and has essential role during standing and walking those are our everyday physical movements. So lots of researches about the foot have been done for clinical purpose and ergonomic needs. Most of those researches are related to pressure distribution between the soles of the feet. Usually force plate or pressure sensor is used to obtain proper characteristic data from foot. But these expensive devices are not easy to attach to the sole of the subjects and it is unnatural for the subject to move with these devices. As one of method of measuring foot, gridded sole image is used. But the obtained image is very hard to be recognizable because of the image is composed with the ...

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.473-474
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• 2013

• 대한미세수술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한미세수술학회 1998년도 제18차 학술대회
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• pp.193-193
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• 1998

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2046-2055
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• 2007

Wild-type V. vulnificus cannot grow using lactose as the sole carbon source or take up the sugar. However, prolonged culture of this species in media containing lactose as the sole carbon source leads to the generation of a spontaneous lactose-utilizing (LU) mutant. This mutant showed strong ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity, whereas the wild-type strain showed a barely detectable level of the activity. A mutant with a lesion in a gene homologous to the lacZ of E. coli in the bacterium no longer showed ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity or generated spontaneous LU mutants, suggesting that the lacZ homolog is responsible for the catabolism of lactose, but the expression of the gene and genes for transport of lactose is tightly regulated. Genetic analysis of spontaneous LU mutants showed that all the mutations occur in a lacI homolog, which is located downstream to the lacZ and putative ABC-type lac permease genes. Consistent with this, a genomic library clone containing the lad gene, when present in trans, made the spontaneous LU mutants no longer able to utilize lactose as the sole carbon source. Taken together with the observation that excessive amounts of exogenously supplemented possible catabolic products of lactose have negative effects on the growth and survivability of V. vulnificus, we suggest that V. vulnificus has evolved to carry a repressor that tightly regulates the expression of lacZ to keep the intracellular toxic catabolic intermediates at a sublethal level.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

To improve the utilization of fish processing by-products, fish oils were extracted from hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel, and their compositions were examined. The proximate compositions obtained for these 4 species of by-product revealed they were composed of 68.1$\sim$78.1% moisture, 1.2$\sim$1.6% ash, and 13.8$\sim$18.8% protein. Fish oils extracted from the hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel were 5.5, 9.4, 13.4, and 10.3%, respectively. The total lipids extracted from the by-products of the 4 species were 6.21, 10.43, 12.81 and 10.06%, of which neutral lipids accounted for 77.38, 77.46, 87.21 and 86.79%, respectively. Neutral lipid analysis by TLC showed that triacylglycerol was the major component, while 1,3- and 1,2-diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, and sterol esters were present as minor components. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. DHA and EPA were contained at levels of 0.2$\sim$4.7% and 3.7$\sim$9.5%, respectively, in the 4 types of fish oil. The fish oils extracted from the dark muscle fish, mackerel and horse mackerel, had greater polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than those of the white muscle fish species, hoki and yellowfin sole.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2010

In the present work, methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide were investigated as sulfur sources for methionine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In silico pathway analysis predicted a high methionine yield for these reduced compounds, provided that they could be utilized. Wild-type cells were able to grow on both methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide as sole sulfur sources. Isotope labeling studies with mutant strains, exhibiting targeted modification of methionine biosynthesis, gave detailed insight into the underlying pathways involved in the assimilation of methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide. Both sulfur compounds are incorporated as an entire molecule, adding the terminal S-$CH_3$ group to O-acetylhomoserine. In this reaction, methionine is directly formed. MetY (O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase) was identified as the enzyme catalyzing the reaction. The deletion of metY resulted in methionine auxotrophic strains grown on methanethiol or dimethyldisulfide as sole sulfur sources. Plasmid-based overexpression of metY in the ${\Delta}$metY background restored the capacity to grow on methanethiol or dimethyldisulfide as sole sulfur sources. In vitro studies with the C. glutamicum wild type revealed a relatively low activity of MetY for methanethiol (63 mU/mg) and dimethyldisulfide (61 mU/mg). Overexpression of metY increased the in vitro activity to 1,780 mU/mg and was beneficial for methionine production, since the intracellular methionine pool was increased 2-fold in the engineered strain. This positive effect was limited by a depletion of the metY substrate O-acetylhomoserine, suggesting a need for further metabolic engineering targets towards competitive production strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2004

For efficient lincomycin production from Streptomyces lincolnensis L1245, various vegetable oils, natural nitrogen sources, and surfactants were investigated at the pilot-scale level in the flask. Olive oil as the sole carbon source was the most suitable one for producing lincomycin. When 20 g/lof olive oil was used, the lincomycin concentration and lipase activity reached 1.01 g/land 182 U/ml, respectively, after 5 days of culture. Among the various unsaturated fatty acids, when linolenic acid was used, the cell growth and lincomycin production were markedly decreased. On the other hand, when 0.2 g/l of oleic acid was added to the culture broth, the maximum lincomycin concentration was 1.0 g/l, which was about 1.7-fold higher than that obtained without the addition of oleic acid. Among the various natural nitrogen sources, pharmamedia or soybean meal was the most suitable nitrogen source. In particular, in the case of a mixture of 10 g/l of pharmamedia and soybean meal, 1.5 g/l of lincomycin concentration and 220 U/ml of lipase activity were obtained. When Span 180 was used as the surfactant, lincomycin production, lipase activity, and oil consumption increased. The correlation between the consumption rates of oil and lincomycin production in a culture using olive oil as the sole carbon source was also investigated. The lincomycin production depended on the consumption rate of olive oil. Using these results, fed-batch cultures for comparing the use of olive oil and starch as a conventional carbon source were carried out in a 5-1 fermentor. When olive oil was used as the sole carbon source, 34 g/l of olive oil was consumed after 7 days of culture. The maximum lincomycin concentration was 3.0 g/l, which was about 2.0-fold higher than that of starch medium after 7 days of culture. The product yield was 0.09 gig of consumed carbon source, which was about 3.0-fold higher than that of starch medium after 7 days of culture.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1230-1236
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• 2012

Fish meal grades SL1 and SL2 from Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and NJ from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicas) were evaluated as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen in the medium for alkaline protease production by Bacillus pumilus MTCC 7514. The analysis of the fish meal suggests that the carbon and nitrogen contents in fish meal are sufficient to justify its choice as replacement for other nutrients. Protease production increased significantly (4,914 U/ml) in medium containing only fish meal, compared with the basal medium (2,646 U/ml). However, the elimination of inorganic salts from media reduced the protease productivity. In addition, all the three grades of fish meal yielded almost the same amounts of protease when employed as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Nevertheless, the best results were observed in fish meal SL1 medium. Furthermore, protease production was enhanced to 6,966 U/ml and 7,047 U/ml on scaling up from flask (4,914 U/ml) to 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively, using fish meal (10 g/l). Similarly, the corresponding improvement in productivities over flask (102.38 U/ml/h) was 193.5 and 195.75 U/ml/h in 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively. The crude protease was found to have dehairing ability in leather processing, which is bound to have great environmental benefits.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1969

English sole(가재미종) 어편을 Polymylar bag에 밀봉하여 500 Krad의 감마선에 조사한 후 36일간의 0-2$^{\circ}C$ 저장기간중 조사한 것과 조사하지 않은 어편내에 축적되는 부패표시 물질과 총 균수를 측정하였다. 단백질 분해균을 직접 계수하기 위하여 Casein agar Plate 법을 만들어 저장기간중의 총균수비 대한 단백질분해균의 비율을 측정하는데 사용하였다. 500 Krad 선량 조사결과 어편의 총 균수는 10분의 1로 감축되었고 저장중 조사하지 않은 어편의 총균수 보다 훨씬 적어 1000분의 1선까지 내려갔다. 이에 따라 TVB와 TMA 축적도 억제되어 부패선을 넘지 못했으며 단백질 분해균 역시 총균수의 1% 이하선으로 감축되었으며 저장 기간중 이 선을 넘지 못했다. 반면에 조사하지 않은 어편엔 총 균수에 대한 이들의 비율은 저장기간중 점차 상승하여 22일째까지 총균수의 85.5%를 차지하였다. 방사선 조사로 인한 이 단백질 분해균의 선택적인 제거는 그 어편의 단백질 분해 부진 현상을 초래했다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.847-853
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• 1999

A Pseudomonas sp. strain that is capable of utilizing dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source was isolated from activated sludge by using the enrichment culture technique. This organism accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with an unusual pattern of monomer units that depends on the carbon sources used. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolyester was synthesized from glucose or small $C_{-even}$ alkanoic acids, such as butyric acid and hexanoic acid. Accumulation of PHB homopolyester was also observed in the cells grown on $C_{-odd}$ dicarboxylic acids, such as heptanedioic acid and nonanedioic acid as the sole carbon sources. In contrast, a copolyester consisting of 6 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 94 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was produced with a PHA content of as much as 36% of the cellular dry matter. This strain produced PHAs consisting both of the short-chain-length (SCL) and the medium-chain-length (MCL) 3-hydroxyacid units when heptanoic acid to undecanoic acid were fed as the sole carbon sources. Most interestingly, polyester consisting of significant amount of relevant fractions, 3HB, 3HV, and 3-hydroxyheptanoate (3HHp), was accumulated from heptanoic acid. According to solvent fractionation experiments, the polymer produced from heptanoic acid was a blend of poly(3HHp) and of a copolyester of 3HB, 3HV, and 3HHp units. The hexane soluble fractions contained only 3HHp units while the hexane-insoluble fractions contained 3HB and 3HV units with a small amount of 3HHp unit. The copolyester was an elastomer with unusual mechanical properties. The maximum elongation ratio of the copolyester was 460% with an ultimate strength of 10 MPa, which was very different from those of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters having similar compositions produced from other microorganisms.