• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.102.2-103
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• 2003

This studies were investigated the occurrence of Sclerotinia rot by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum at the lettuce field in Uiryeong-Gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do and were isolated the most effective microorganism for the biological control to the pathogen, S. sclerotiorum YR-1 strain from diseased soil and lettuce leaves. For the pathogenicity test, the most suitable inoculmn density of YR-1 strain was selected as the mycelial suspension of 40m1 showing disease incidence of 80％, and the symptom showed as same as at the fields, the leaves and stem had rotten and developed white downy mycelial at the diseased lesion on the leaves and stems, and produced black and irregular sclerotinia. On the PDA dual test, about 300 isolates were examined the antifungal activity to the pathogen, YR-1 strain, and among them, A-2, A-7, and RH-4 strain were selected most effective antagonistic bacteria. At pots test, the control value of A-7 strain showed the highest value as 85％ which was more effective than that of others in a growth chamber. For the promotion of control effect, the selected 3 isolates were spayed on the lettuce leaves as a sole and/or mixed treatments in a growth chamber, the mixed treatment of A-7 and RH-4 strain showing the control value of 90％ was most effective than that of sole treatment with A-7 or RH-4 strain showing the control value of 80％, respectively and mixed treatment with A-2 and A-7 strain and A-2, A-7 and RH-4 strain. In addition, 3 bacteria re-isolated from diseased soils, and all of the selected 6 isolates investigated the control effect at pots in a growth chamber, According to the results, A-7 and Pro-EB 15 strain showed the control value of 91.0％ and 90.1％ respectively, and they were selected most effectual antagonistic bacteria to control lettuce sclerotinia rot and identified as the Bacillus mojanuinensis by 16s RNA analysis. This is the first report on the biological control using by B. mojanvinensis to the lettuce Sclerotinia rot.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

A bacterium, isolated from a vegetable field in a plastic film house and named strain CY6 was capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos (CP). Based on the phenotypic features and the phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CY6 was identified as a Naxibacter sp.. CP was utilized as the sole source of carbon and phosphorus by Naxibacter sp. CY6. We examined the role of this Naxibacter sp. in the degradation of other OP insecticides under liquid cultures. Parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, cadusafos, and ethoprop could also be degraded by Naxibacter sp. CY6 when they are provided as the sole sources of carbon and phosphorus. Additionally, Naxibacter sp. CY6 ($10^8$ CFU/g) added to soil with CP (100 mg/kg) resulted in a higher degradation rate of approximately 90% than the rate obtained from uninoculated soils. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 1979

Diurnal variation of the catch of some important species groups in the Northwestern coast of Africa were studied on the basis of fish catching data compiled by a stern trawler(G.T., 499ton 2,200ps). The experimental fishing has been conducted from September, 1975 to August, 1976. The catch of the important groups I. e. squid, cuttlefish, octopus, sole fish and sea bream revealed different fluctuation patterns. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The catch of squid caught in daytime(0900-1800) was greater than that caught in night (2100-0600). 2. The catch of cuttle fish caught in daytime was more than that caught in night. In the daytime, large size group(heavier than 300g) was caught dominately during midday (1200-1500) whereas the small size group, lighter than 300g, was caught dominately during the time of sunrise (0600-0900) and sunset (1800-2100). 3. The catch of octopus varied according to the size groups. The large sige group, heavier than 700g, was caught predominately during daytime and the small size group, lighter than 700g, was caught predominately during night. 4. The catch of sole fish caught in night was greater than that caught in daytime. 5. The catch of sea bream and miscellaneous fishes including sardin, jack-mackerel and etc. was greater in daytime.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

The disease occurrence rate of the cancer is rapidly increased and It is becoming the main factor for the death The chemical therapy for preventing the cancer is recently used for many patients and thus extended the life of the patients. However, the side effect caused by the medical substances when performing the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer and the consequent mental and social problem are incurred to deteriorate the quality of the life. Therefore, it is needed to help the patient In order to reduce the above problems, and so this study was executed in order to examine the effect of the individual education on the quality of the life of the patients who are treated by the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer. The study was performed from Jan. 19. 2004 to Apr. 18. 2004 for the patients who were firstly treated by the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer in a university hospital located in the downtown in Seoul. The individual education on the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer was provided to 40 patients of the experimental group. The study plan is the experimental plan before and after the sole group, and it is the beginning experimental plan. The title of the booklet on the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer is "Cancer, The more you know, the more you can be cured", and the book was composed up of the side effect of the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer, treatment way for the side effect, and guide of the daily life. The survey with the questionnaire sheet was distributed to the experi- mental group before the education, the survey sheet was made out when they were hospitalized for 3-4 weeks after the education, and the data were examined by using SPSS statistical program with making our the survey questionnaires and the change of the quality of the life before and after the education of the patients who are treated by the chemical therapy for preventing the cancer was analyzed by using the parred t-test. The research result was verified that it has the meaningful that the quality of the life for the physical field, mental field, social field, and spiritual field after the individual education. The suggestion concluded by the above research result is as follows. First, there is the limitation to interpret the result since it was the beginning experimental plan for the sole group. Thus, it is suggested that the similar experimental plan should be executed with the expansion of the research subject and also with the contrast group. Second, it is suggested that the study on the change of the quality of the lifeaccording to the support of the individual education and family of the patients who are treated by the anti-cancer therapy.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing by-products derived from seafood processing as a food source, a chemical characteristics of fish bones (cod bone, Alaska pollack bone, yellowfin sole bone, hoki bone, conger eel bone and mackerel bone) were investigated. The crude protein (40.7% on the dry basis) and collagen contents (5.86%, on the dry basis), imino acid composition (189 residues/1,000 residues) of hoki bone were higher than those of the other fish bones, but were lower than those of the animal bone. The crude lipid contents and EPA and DHA compositions of yellowfin sole, conger eel and mackerel bones were $22.8{\sim}43.9%$ on the dry basis and $15.6{\sim}23.8%$, respectively and were lower than those of squid viscera. The major ash components of the fish bones were found to be calcium and phosphorus and the contents in 100 g crude ash were $37.1{\sim}38.6%$ and $18.0{\sim}18.5%$ respectively. The calcium and phosphorus contents in 100 g crude ash of cod and Alaska pollack bones were more than those of the animal bones, as well as the others. It may be concluded, front these results, hoki bone can be effectively utilized as a processing materal of collagen or gelatin and cod and Alaska pollack bones as a calcium source.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Bacterium capable of using biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from soil, and based on the results of 16S rDNA sequence, strain BK10 identified as a Sphingobium yanoiktiyae. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $NH_4NO_3$ 1g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.5g, $CaCO_3$ 0.2 g per 1 liter of distilled water. The Sphingobium yanoikuyae BK10 strain was completely utilized biphenyl in mineral salt media containing biphenyl at concentration 500 $\mu$g/ml of biphenyl as a sole carbon and energy source within 48 hours. Optimumal pH and temperature for biphenyl degradation and cell growth of strains were 6.0$\sim$8.0 and 20$\sim$50$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Especially, at 30$^{\circ}C$, cell-growth were higher than other temperature. Cell grown on biphenyl has been shown to have a higher removal rate for biphenyl than grown on sucrose. This study shows that Sphingobium yanoikuyae BK10 strain had a high biodegradation capability of biphenyl and can be simulate a candidate compounds the bioremediation of PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyl) contaminant soil and water.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1997

In order to effectively utilize the fish and squid skin wastes derived from marine processing manufacture, the skin wastes of some pelagic fishes such as yellowfin sole, red cod, cod, Allaska pollack and flying squid were screened for the raw material of edible gelatin and studied some properties of those gelatins. The content of total collagen in the red cod skin was the highest (28.4 g/100 g wet skin), while that in the flying squid skin was the lowest (11.1 g/100 g wet skin) and those of another fishes were similar. Acid soluble collagens in the skins of the fishes and flying squid were $68.9\~84.8\%\;and\;44.3\%$, respectively. But showed no difference in the amino acid composition between acid soluble and insoluble collagens. Those collagens were consisted $\alpha\;and\;\beta$ chain and $\alpha$ chains extracted from fish skins except red cod and flying squid skins were hetero. The collagen of yellowfin sole skin exhibited slightly higher denaturation temperature $(25.4^{\circ}C)$ and also physical properties such as gel strength, melting point and gelling point were better than those of the other species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1392-1400
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• 2017

Galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) are known to be selectively utilized by Bifidobacterium, which can bring about healthy changes of the composition of intestinal microflora. In this study, ${\beta}-GOS$ were synthesized using bifidobacterial ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (G1) purified from recombinant E. coli with a high GOS yield and with high productivity and enhanced bifidogenic activity. The purified recombinant G1 showed maximum production of ${\beta}-GOSs$ at pH 8.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the major peaks of the produced ${\beta}-GOSs$ showed MW of 527 and 689, indicating the synthesis of ${\beta}-GOSs$ at degrees of polymerization (DP) of 3 and DP4, respectively. The trisaccharides were identified as ${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-glucopyranose, and the tetrasaccharides were identified as ${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-glucopyranose. The maximal production yield of GOSs was as high as 25.3% (w/v) using purified recombinant ${\beta}-galactosidase$ and 36% (w/v) of lactose as a substrate at pH 8.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. After 140 min of the reaction under this condition, 268.3 g/l of GOSs was obtained. With regard to the prebiotic effect, all of the tested Bifidobacterium except for B. breve grew well in BHI medium containing ${\beta}-GOS$ as a sole carbon source, whereas lactobacilli and Streptococcus thermophilus scarcely grew in the same medium. Only Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium ramosum, and Enterobacter cloacae among the 17 pathogens tested grew in BHI medium containing ${\beta}-GOS$ as a sole carbon source; the remaining pathogens did not grow in the same medium. Consequently, the ${\beta}-GOS$ are expected to contribute to the beneficial change of intestinal microbial flora.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2006

The maturity and spawning of brown sole, Pleuronectes herzensteini were investigated using samples randomly collected in the East Sea of Korea from April, 2003 to March, 2004. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity (F), total length (TL) at 50% group maturity, and sex ratio. The spawning period was February to May, and the main spawning period was March to April. The fecundity was 38,702 eggs at 22 cm (TL) to 133,085 eggs at 37 cm (TL), and the relationship between TL and F was $F=11.307TL^{2.628}$. The TL at first maturity was 15 cm and at 100% maturity, 21 cm. Thus, TL at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 17.8 cm, which corrensponded to the age of 3 years. The sex ratio was 60.2 for female and 39.8 for male, where the female population was seen to be slightly predominant.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 2007

Buddhist paintings in the late Joseon dynasty are characterized by diversification and subdivision of subject matters. Buddhist paintings rapidly declined since 19th century, being miniaturized and showing complicated composition. Figures that identified the shape of shoes in Buddhist paintings of late Joseon dynasty included sacheonwang that were placed in the left and right bottom of Buddhist paintings, sinjung, gwiwang and pan-gwan of siwangtaeng. Sacheonwang, an Indian folk god, was depicted as a noble person in "ahamgyeong", an early sutra, but was depicted as an armored warrior in Mahayana Buddhism world. The style of shoes sacheonwang in Korea were different depending on the times. The shoes of the sacheonwang sculpture in Seogguram of Shilla dynasty are sandal type. The sacheonwang that was drawn on Jijangbosaldo in Goryeo dynasty wears non-showy armor and red yi(履). The sacheonwang that was expressed on Buddhist paintings in Joseon dynasty wears showy armor and decorated hwa. Comparing the yi of Goryeo Jijangbosaldo sacheonwang with the yi of Bodhisattva on the Dunhuang yeolbanbyeonsangdo, Jijangbosaldo sacheonwang's shoes are Korean style in which the sole is flat and the front part has no decoration, but in the shoes of Bodhisattva on the Dunhuang yeolbanbyeonsangdo the sole is not flat, the front part is lifted. The style of shoes of pan-gwan, who is depicted on Siwangtaeng, is hwa. However, unlike the decorative hwa of sacheonwang, its front is not lifted and it has no decoration. It is assumed that the shoes of sacheonwang or pan-gwan represented obangsaek based on the idea of eumyang-ohaeng. Depiction of shoes shown in Buddhist paintings reflected the phases of the social life. In addition, the sandals of Shilla sacheonwang implies that sourthern culture in addition to Buddhism was introduced. Having expressed the shoes of Goryeo sacheonwang with conventional yi implies that Buddhism governed the inner world of the people, and the shape and material of the shoes reveals aristocracy. It is assumed that that an armored warrior wore yi, not hwa implies that the then society was stable. Also, it is assumed that that the shoes of sacheonwang on Buddhist paintings in Joseon dynasty were hwa implies that the role of tutelary god was stressed in the disordered society.