• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

In this study, problems of software completeness appraisal are pointed out and their solutions are presented by analyzing appraisal cases and judicial precedents. Completeness appraisal, ready-made appraisal, defect appraisal, and cost appraisal have been classified as and have been evaluated with extant software completeness appraisals. From a legal point of view, and in judicial precedents, however, there is a big difference between the definition of completeness and the completion rate. This is because the degree of completeness is evaluated under the premise that the software's development is complete, whereas the ready-made appraisal inspects the development progress of unfinished software. Often, in cases involving software completion rate, the total completion level is calculated by weighting each step of the software development process. However, completeness evaluations use the software's realization-operation as its sole criterion. In addition, another issue not addressed in existing software completeness appraisal cases is that there is no mention of who is responsible for software defects, whereas in case law, the responsible party is determined by finding who caused the dispute. In this paper, we systematically classify these problems, and present a novel evaluation method that separates software completeness evaluations from software completion evaluations.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2023

Purpose: The present study examined the effectiveness of the preoperative ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in predicting the healing period of amputation wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus following a non-traumatic below-knee amputation (BKA). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 41 diabetic foot ulcer patients who underwent BKA at the authors' hospital diabetic foot center from April 2016 to April 2022. Among the 41 patients, 29 (70.7%) were male and 12 (29.3%) were female. Their mean age was 64.54±11.38 years (41~81 years). The mean follow-up period was 19.48±5.56 weeks (14~48 weeks) after BKA. The patients were divided into two groups (high IMA group and normal IMA group), which evaluated the healing period, wound dehiscence, and revision operation rate using a Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Three orthopedic surgeons performed stump wound evaluation, and they were evaluated as healing when all sutures were fused without oozing. Results: Thirty patients (73.2%) (group A) showed a high level of IMA (median: 91.2 U/mL), and 11 (26.8%) patients (group B) showed a normal range of IMA (median: 82.7 U/mL). In group A, the median period for wound healing took 1.4 weeks longer, which was significant (p=0.001). No statistical relationship was observed between wound dehiscence, revision operation rate, and IMA value. There was no correlation between the other risk factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c) and the wound healing period. Conclusion: Although there was a limitation in using IMA as the sole factor to predict the healing period of amputation wounds in patients after BKA, this study revealed a significant positive correlation between IMA and the period of stump healing after BKA. Therefore, the preoperative IMA levels may help predict the period of stump healing after BKA.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2023

Antimicrobials in human medicine are classified by The World Health Organization (WHO) into three groups: critically important antimicrobials (CIA), highly important antimicrobials (HIA), and important antimicrobials (IA). CIA are antibiotic classes that satisfy two main criteria: that they are the sole or the only available limited therapeutic option to effectively treat severe bacterial infections in humans (Criterion 1), and infections where bacteria are transmitted to humans from non-human sources or have the potential to acquire resistance genes from non-human sources (Criterion 2). WHO emphasizes the need for cautious and responsible use of the CIA to mitigate risk and safeguard human health. Specific antimicrobials within the CIA with a high priority for management are reclassified as "highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIA)" and include the 3^rd generation of cephalosporins and the next generation of macrolides, quinolones, glycopeptides, and polymyxins. The CIA list is the scientific basis for risk assessment and risk management policies that warrant using antimicrobials to reduce antimicrobial resistance in several countries. In addition, the CIA list ensures food safety in the food industry, including for the popular food chain companies McDonald's and KFC. The continuous update of the CIA list reflects the advancement in research and emerging future challenges. Thus, active and deliberate evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and the construction of a list that reflects the specific circumstances of a country are essential to safeguarding food security.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to thrice-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, His, Met and Lys. The amino acid deficiencies were obtained by feeding the cows a diet of grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement. Taken overall, the results show that when cows were given the feather meal diet, even though dietary ME was in considerable excess, a deficiency of specific amino acids prevented any increase in milk yield in response to increasing the frequency of milking from twice to thrice daily. The results of half-udder milking showed that when cows consumed the diet deficient in amino acids, milking one half of the gland more frequently reduced the secretion of protein and lactose by the control gland. Neither MBF nor the ratio of 3-MH/creatinine in urine was affected by thrice-daily milking. The present results go a stage further in showing that, against a background of insufficient dietary amino acids, the stimulus of thrice-daily milking is not sufficient to induce a measurable change in the partition of amino acid use between body and udder.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.619-628
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) fed to broiler chickens and laying hens. Methods: Three semi-purified diets containing the identical crude protein concentration at 20% were formulated to contain SBM, CSM, or LCSM as the sole source of N. A N-free diet was also formulated to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA for broilers and hens. A total of 300 male Ross 308 chicks at one-day-old and 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 30-week-old with initial egg production rate of 88.3%±1.0% were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments, respectively. Results: CSM and LCSM showed more Arg and Cys+Met while less Lys, Ile, Leu, and Thr relative to SBM. Significant interactions existed between species and experimental diets for AID (except for Arg, Asp, Glu, Gly, and Pro) and SID (except for Arg, His, and Phe) of most AA. Most AA in diets showed higher AID (except for Lys) and SID (except for Lys, Met, and Ser) in broilers relative to laying hens. The AID and SID of all AA were significantly different between the three diets. In broilers, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg in SBM and LCSM was higher than CSM. In laying hens, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg, Met+Cys, and Phe in SBM was higher than CSM and LCSM. Conclusion: The accurate determination of AID and SID of AA in CSM and LCSM for broilers and layers benefits the application of CSM and LCSM in chicken diets. The cottonseed by-products CSM or LCSM showed the species-specific AA digestibility values for broilers and layers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6B
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• pp.695-701
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• 2006

A toluene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from a mixed culture that was maintained using toluene as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolated bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas sp. TBD4 based on the close relationship to bacteria belonging to this genus. A bottle study to determine biodegradation rates of individual aromatic compounds showed that the biodegradation was faster in the order of toluene, benzene, styrene, and p-xylene. However, when various mixtures were subjected to TDB4, styrene was degraded at the highest rate, indicating that both toluene and p-xylene could stimulate the degradation of other substrates whereas styrene played as an inhibitor. In addition, the mixed culture and TDB4 were inoculated to the bioactive foam reactor (BFR), and the reactor performance and the corresponding change of microbial community were monitored using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. When an inlet concentration of the VOC mixture increased to greater than 250 ppm, the overall removal efficiency dropped significantly. The FISH measurement demonstrated that the ratio of TDB4 to the total bacteria also decreased to less than 20% along with the decline in removal efficiency in the BFR. As a result, the periodic addition of the pre-grown TDB4 might have been beneficial to achieve a stable performance in the BFR operated over an extended period.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.6-22
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• 2023

The National Museum of Korea's 'Shinchungmyeong Jochong' is the sole firearm in the country bearing inscriptions written in ink('辛丑改備江華庫藏'). Thanks to this written record, it is possible to determine where this firearm was stored and to make an estimate of the time when it was stored. Additionally, it is a valuable artifact that has been exceptionally well preserved and has an artistic design. However, research into the operational period, form, and structural characteristics of this firearm has been limited to date. This study aimed to shed light on the operational period, form, and structural features of the 'Shinchukmyeong Jochong.' To achieve this, the specifications and structural characteristics of the firearm were examined, and comparisons were made with 17 other extant firearms and their attributes. The results confirmed that the 'Shinchungmyeong Jochong' is a representative example of the typical firearms of the Joseon Dynasty. Next, the timing, background, and production subject of the Ganghwado containment of the Jochong were tracked based on letters found with the Jochong. The investigation revealed an entry in the 'Records of King Jeongjo'(『正祖實錄』) indicating that a significant amount of military supplies, including firearms, were stored on Ganghwado in December of the 5th year of Shinchung(1781). The decision to store these materials in Ganghwado Island may have been due to the perception of the Joseon decision-makers, who strategically valued Ganghwado Island, and the relocation of 'Tongaoyeong'(統禦營) and the integration with 'Jinmuyeong'(鎭撫營). After acquisition, it is presumed that the firearm was operated at locations like 'Jinmuyeong'(鎭撫營). The firearm's production is presumed to have been associated associated with institutions such as 'Gungisi'(軍器寺). In conclusion, the 'Shinchungmyeong Jochong' exemplifies a typical firearm of the Joseon Dynasty, and it is likely that it was stored on Ganghwado in December of 1781. Its production is believed to have been related to institutions such as 'Gungisi'. Following its acquisition, it is presumed that the firearm was operated at locations including 'Jinmuyeong'.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.537-546
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• 2023

For the purpose of fire delineation within buildings, steel walls in Korea are mandated to undergo rigorous certification as fire-resistant entities, substantiated via a series of qualitative assessments. Predominantly, these evaluations comprise the fire resistance test paired with supplementary examinations; specifically for steel walls, these encompass the gas hazard and panel bending strength tests. Given the prevalence of semi-noncombustible core materials, gas hazard tests are largely rendered superfluous, pivoting the focus solely onto the panel bending strength test during the certification trajectory. This particular test is designed to gauge the flexural robustness of individual wall panels. An enhanced bending strength is postulated to fortify both the structural integrity and thermal insulation of the wall by mitigating potential deformations. In this scholarly exploration, an analytical deep dive was undertaken into extant, valid certification test datasets. The endeavor aimed to ascertain the depth of correlation between the designated fire resistance metric and the bending strength, the latter being the sole supplementary assessment for steel walls. In distilling the findings, it was discerned that temperature elevations beyond baseline values exhibited no statistically salient linkage with the panel's bending strength.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.125-144
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• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to investigate domestic clinical research trends in Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, identify diseases managed using Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, and suggest the direction for future studies to increase its clinical utilization. Methods This study used five steps proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA-extension for scoping reviews checklist. We examined published literature on Shinbaro pharmacopuncture studies reported until June 5, 2023, in the following eight databases (Research Information Sharing Service, Science ON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, KMBASE, The Society of Internal Korean Medicine, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). The search terms used were 'Shinbaro' or 'Sinbaro'. Results A total of 47 studies were included in our analysis. Of these, 37 (78.7%) were interference time series studies. Shinbaro pharmacopuncture was the most frequently used treatment for lumbosacral disease (n=15). In the facial area, ST4 and ST6 were used in five out of six studies, and in the shoulder area, TE14 and LI15 were used in all studies. Nine of the 15 studies in the lumbosacral area used the EX-B2. The other parts mostly used the pressure points. Compared to other pharmacopuncture methods, the treatment effect was similar to that of bee venom, and faster than that of jungsongouhyul. Conclusions This is the first scoping review of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture therapy in South Korea. Studies with a high level of evidence based on sole treatment, large capacities, and standardization of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture need to be conducted to increase its clinical utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Due to the development of the industrial revolution, regulations on exhaust emissions have been continuously strengthened to reduce the rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The use of environmentally friendly fuels is essential to meet these regulations. Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a future environmentally friendly fuel, but due to its material properties, it faces significant challenges in handling and storage. As an alternative, ammonia has been proposed. Ammonia can be easily liquefied at room temperature compared to hydrogen and has a high energy density. In order to examine the applicability of ammonia as an engine fuel, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of changes in combustion control parameters in a direct injection ammonia combustion engine. The experiments were conducted by varying two variables: spark timing and excessive air ratio. Observations were made on combustion stability and the trends of exhaust emissions such as nitrogen oxides and unburned ammonia under the conditions of an engine speed of 1,500 rpm and medium to high loads (brake torque of 200 Nm). By optimizing the combustion control parameters, conditions for stable combustion even when using ammonia as the sole fuel were identified, and plans are underway to apply strategies for future expansion of the operating range.