Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas (한국가스학회지)

The Korean Institute of GAS (한국가스학회)
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Comparison of Combustion, Emissions and Efficiency Characteristics as Varying Spark Timings and Excess air ratios in an Ammonia-fueled Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

직접분사식 암모니아 전소 엔진에서 점화 시기와 공기과잉률의 변경에 따른 연소 및 배기, 효율 특성 비교

  • Yonghun Jang (Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Cheolwoong Park (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Yongrae Kim (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Young Choi (Dept. of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials) ;
  • Chanki Min (Hyundai Motor Company) ;
  • Seungwoo Lee (Hyundai Motor Company) ;
  • Hongkil Baek (Hyundai Motor Company) ;
  • Jeongwoo Lee (Dept. of Autonomous Vehicle System Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • 장용훈 (전북대학교 기계시스템공학과) ;
  • 박철웅 (한국기계연구원 모빌리티동력연구실) ;
  • 김용래 (한국기계연구원 모빌리티동력연구실) ;
  • 최영 (한국기계연구원 모빌리티동력연구실) ;
  • 민찬기 (현대자동차 남양연구소) ;
  • 이승우 (현대자동차 남양연구소) ;
  • 백홍길 (현대자동차 남양연구소) ;
  • 이정우 (충남대학교 자율운항시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2023.06.20
  • Accepted : 2023.09.18
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Due to the development of the industrial revolution, regulations on exhaust emissions have been continuously strengthened to reduce the rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The use of environmentally friendly fuels is essential to meet these regulations. Hydrogen has been attracting attention as a future environmentally friendly fuel, but due to its material properties, it faces significant challenges in handling and storage. As an alternative, ammonia has been proposed. Ammonia can be easily liquefied at room temperature compared to hydrogen and has a high energy density. In order to examine the applicability of ammonia as an engine fuel, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of changes in combustion control parameters in a direct injection ammonia combustion engine. The experiments were conducted by varying two variables: spark timing and excessive air ratio. Observations were made on combustion stability and the trends of exhaust emissions such as nitrogen oxides and unburned ammonia under the conditions of an engine speed of 1,500 rpm and medium to high loads (brake torque of 200 Nm). By optimizing the combustion control parameters, conditions for stable combustion even when using ammonia as the sole fuel were identified, and plans are underway to apply strategies for future expansion of the operating range.

산업혁명의 발달로 인해 급격하게 증가된 온실가스 배출량을 저감하기 위해 배기 배출물 규제가 계속해서 강화되고 있다. 이를 만족시키기 위해선 친환경 연료의 사용은 필수적이다. 미래의 친환경 연료로서 수소가 주목받고 있지만, 물질적 특성으로 인해 취급과 보관에 큰 어려움을 겪고 있어, 이에 대안으로 암모니아가 제안되었다. 암모니아는 수소 대비 상온 조건에서 쉽게 액화가 가능하며, 에너지밀도가 높다. 이에 엔진의 연료로서 암모니아의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 직접분사식 암모니아 전소 엔진에서 연소제어인자의 변경에 따른 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험은 점화시기(Spark Timing)와 공기과잉률(Excess Air Ratio) 두 개의 변수를 변경하여 실험을 진행하였다.엔진 속도 1,500 RPM 및 중부하 이상(제동 토크 200 Nm)의 조건에서 암모니아 전소를 하였을 때, 연소 안정성과 질소산화물, 미연 암모니아 등의 배기 배출물의 경향을 관찰하였다. 연소제어인자의 최적화를 통해 암모니아만을 연료로 사용한 경우에도 안정적인 연소가 가능한 조건을 찾을 수 있었고, 향후 운전영역 확장을 위한 전략을 적용할 계획이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원 (20210606, 2,100마력급 LNG-암모니아 혼소 엔진 개발)과 산업통상자원부 재원으로 한국산업기술평가관리원 (20017612, 무탄소 연료 주추진 엔진의 핵심부품 기술 개발)의 지원을 받아 수행되었으며 이에 감사의 뜻을 전합니다.

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