• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2012

흙의 응력-변형 관계는 흙의 종류, 밀도, 응력수준 및 응력경로에 의존한다. 이들 요소들을 통합한 구성모델의 개발을 통해 정확한 흙의 응력-변형관계가 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 백마강 모래를 이용하여 등방압축-팽창실험과 일련의 응력경로를 달리한 배수삼축압축시험을 통하여 응력경로에 따른 Lade의 단일항복면 구성모델의 토질매개변수 특성에 대하여 알아보았다. 그 결과 항복기준에 관련된 토질매개변수 h, ${\alpha}$는 응력수준 및 응력경로에 대한 영향이 미소하며, 응력-변형거동에 미치는 영향이 작은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 항복함수에 관련된 토질매개변수 h와 ${\alpha}$는 파괴규준에 관련한 토질매개변수와 관련성이 매우 높아 ${\eta}_1$에 관한 식으로 대체할 수 있으며, 이 식을 이용한 수치해석 결과 양호하게 예측하고 있는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

When clay foundations of embankments are treated with vertical drain, essentially, the strain occurs to vertical direction but the water flow is radial. The initial horizontal permeability and its variation with the vertical compression are key parameters for the choice of the type of drains, their spacing, and affect to the cost of the project. In this study, CRS consolidation test is performed to investigate the anisotropic characteristics of decomposed mudstone soil and direct permeability test is performed on the same specimens. The results of testing show that Ch is larger than Cv. specially, the Cv - $\sigma$v relationship for a soil sample is viewed from three different curve segments corresponding to overconsolidated, transition and normally consolidated states. The anisotropic ratio, rk(kh/kv) is 2.19. Coefficient of permeability in normally consolidated state is related to its void ratio and permeability parameter n. C can be determined from a linear plot of log[k(1+e)] versus log e. The slope, n, of graphs is the same, whereas the vertical intercept, log C, seems to vary somewhat for anisotropic.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2019

Alkalinity is an essential parameter for understanding geochemical processes and calculating partial pressure of $CO_2$, dissolved inorganic carbon, and mineral saturation indices. The Gran Titration Method (GTM) is one of the most accurate methods for measuring the alkalinity in water samples. However, this method has not been widely employed in measuring groundwater alkalinity in Korea, probably due to inadequate and insufficient understanding of the method. In this regard, this article was prepared to introduce GTM and related know-hows learned from the authors' experiences in measuring alkalinity. This paper also introduces a MS Excel-based alkalinity calculator as a handy tool for GTM.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2016

Understanding N mineralization dynamics in soil is essential for efficient nutrient management. An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to examine N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate of the organic amendments with different C:N ratio in paddy soil. Inorganic N in the soil sample was measured periodically under three temperature conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$) for 90 days. N mineralization was accelerated as the temperature rises by approximately $10%^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in average. Negative correlation ($R^2=0.707$) was observed between soil inorganic N and C:N ratio, while total organic carbon extract ($R^2=0.947$) and microbial biomass C ($R^2=0.824$) in the soil were positively related to C:N ratio. Single exponential model was applied for quantitative evaluation of N mineralization process. Model parameter for N mineralization rate, k, increased in proportion to temperature. N mineralization potential, $N_p$, was very different depending on C:N ratio of organic input. $N_p$ value decreased as C:N ratio increased, ranged from $74.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a low C:N ratio (12.0 in hairy vetch) to $15.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a high C:N ratio (78.2 in rice straw). This result indicated that the amount of inorganic N available for crop uptake can be predicted by temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendment. Consequently, it is suggested that the amount of organic fertilizer application in paddy soil would be determined based on temperature observations and C:N ratio, which represent the decomposition characteristics of organic amendments.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2010

The mechanical behavior of a granular material is governed by the applying effective stresses and its skeletal structure which is considered to be the packing of particles giving overall density and degree of anisotropic. Factors that affect soil packing are the particle size, size distribution and shape, and the arrangement of grain contact. Soil particle size and shape are the most important factor, but difficult to quantify. In this study, 2D Fourier analysis is applied to quantify the shape of granular particles. Jumunjin sand was used in the experiment and particle images are captured using an optical microscope. The results showed that three lower order Fourier descriptor are closely related with roundness, sphericity of the granular particle. Also statistical approach is used to determine roundness, form factor, elongation ratio, roughness of Jumunjin sand.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

흙의 비선형적 거동특성을 예측하기 위해 비교적 간편하고 예측의 정도가 높은 것으로 평가되는 탄·소성 쌍곡선모델을 선정하였다. 모델의 특성을 알아보기 위해 구성모델에 관련된 함수를 정식화하여 토질매개변수 결정 및 거동해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 상대밀도 변화에 따른 백마강모래의 배수삼축압축시험 결과로부터 각각의 토질매개변수를 결정하였고 상대밀도에 따른 토질매개변수의 변화 특성을 분석하였으며 각각의 조건에서 결정된 토질매개변수를 이용하여 응력-변형률 거동을 예측하였다. 그 결과 축변형률에 대한 축차응력은 각각의 상대밀도에서 측정치와 예측치가 양호하게 일치하는 것을 확인하였고 축변형률에 대한 체적변형률의 관계에서 상대밀도가 작은 경우는 측정치와 예측치가 일치하는 경향을 보이나 상대밀도가 큰 경우에는 구성모델의 한계로 인해 체적변형률의 예측치가 측정치보다 다소 작게 나타나는 것을 확인 하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.287-287
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• 2023

Surface water-groundwater interaction (SWGI) is an important hydrological process that influences both the quantity and quality of water resources. However, regional scale SWGI model calibration and uncertainty analysis have been a challenge because integrated models inherently carry a vast number of parameters, modeling assumptions, and inputs, potentially leaving little time and budget to explore questions related to model performance and forecasting. In this study, we have proposed the application of iterative ensemble smoother (IES) for uncertainty analysis and calibration of the widely used integrated surface-subsurface model, SWAT-MODFLOW. SWAT-MODFLOW integrates Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and a three-dimensional finite difference model (MODFLOW). The model was calibrated using a parameter estimation tool (PEST). The major advantage of the employed IES is that the number of model runs required for the calibration of an ensemble is independent of the number of adjustable parameters. The pilot point approach was followed to calibrate the aquifer parameters, namely hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and specific yield. The parameter estimation process for the SWAT model focused primarily on surface-related parameters. The uncertainties both in the streamflow and groundwater level were assessed. The work presented provides valuable insights for future endeavors in coupled surface-subsurface modeling, data collection, model development, and informed decision-making.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2020

To investigate the effect of spatial variability on hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils, a numerical model is set up which can simulate seepage process in an unsaturated heterogeneous soil. The unsaturated heterogeneous soil is composed of matrix sand embedded with a small proportion of clay for simulating the heterogeneity. Soil-water characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve of the unsaturated soil are expressed by Van Genuchten model. Hydraulic parameters of the matrix sand are considered as random fields. Different autocorrelation lengths (ACLs) of hydraulic parameter of the matrix sand and different proportions of clay are assumed to investigate the influence of spatial variability on the equivalent hydraulic properties of the heterogeneous soil. Four model sizes are used in the numerical experiments to investigate the influence of scale effects and to determine the sizes of representative volume element (RVE) in the numerical simulations. Through a number of Monte Carlo simulations of unsaturated seepage analysis, the means and the coefficients of variations (COVs) of the equivalent hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous soil are calculated. Simulations show that the ACL and model size has little influence on the means of the equivalent hydraulic parameters, but they have a large influence on the COVs of the equivalent hydraulic parameters. The size of an RVE is mainly affected by the ACL and the proportion of heterogeneity. The influence of spatial variability on the hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous unsaturated soil can be used as a guidance for geotechnical reliability analysis and design related to unsaturated soils.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

전단탄성계수와 감쇠비와 같은 동적지반계수는 반복하중과 동적하중을 받는 지반구조물 설계에서 중요한 요소이다. 선형 한계변형률 내에서 미소변형률에 관한 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 변형률과 관계없이 일정하다. 전단탄성계수는 최대전단탄성계수로 감쇠비는 최소 감쇠비로 고려하였다. 동적변형특성 범주내의 최대선형탄성계수에 관련된 많은 시험들이 수행됨과 동시에 간극비, 과압밀비, 구속압, 지질이력, PI 그리고 하중주기수에 관련된 많은 인자들이 동적지반특성에 영향을 미친다. 그러나 그라우팅에 의해 향상된 지반동적특성에 관한 연구는 지하연속벽시공, 심층혼합처리공법, 강관다단그라우팅과 같이 미비한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 그라우팅에 의해 향상된 동적지반특성을 연구하기 위하여 함수비(20%, 25%, 30%), 그라우트 주입율(5%, 10%, 15%),양생기간(7일, 28일)을 변화시키면서 공진주시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 밀크 그라우트의 주입율과 재령, 함수비에 따라 동적계수인 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비가 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2005

댐 안정성 평가를 위하여 불포화 이론을 이용한 침투해석 기법이 널리 사용되고 있으나 지반의 불포화 거동에 대한 인식 부족과 실험절차의 번거로움으로 인하여 입력 물성치에 대한 체계적인 실험과 평가가 일반화되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 불포화 수리특성에 따라 침투수량 및 간극수압 분포 등 댐체 및 제방의 침투거동이 달라지나 국내 지반에 대한 실험자료 부족으로 대부분 단순 추정에 의한 값을 사용하고 있다 본 연구에서는 불포화 수리특성이 댐체의 침투 거동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 함수특성곡선과 투수계수곡선에 대하여 고찰하고 수치해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 변수 a와 n은 값이 클수록, m은 값이 작을수록 중력에 의한 침윤선의 하강이 빨리 발생하였다. 유한차분 형식에 의해 개략적으로 계산한 민감도는 침윤선 부근에서 가장 크게 나타났고 시간에 따른 민감도의 변화에는 함수특성곡선의 기울기와 관련된 n값이 가장 큰 영향을 주었다.