• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2012

In this study, it is grasped the status of nutrients through an investigation of release characteristics and physicochemical properties of sediments on reservoir. And then the effect of sediments is evaluated on the water quality in reservoir. In the results of physicochemical analysis, the pollution level of midstream is the highest, which shows the traits that the water is more deeper and takes place a deposition consistently. Then, the pollution level of upstream is higher than downstream's because inflow has influence on the upstream directly. The downstream is located near tidal gate so that the soil particles can be moved easily and are difficult to be deposited due to the distribution of seawater by control of tidal gate. Therefore, the downstream is showed the lowest pollution level than the others. Also, the concentration of SOD(Sediment Oxygen Demand) in the upstream which is influenced on the effect of inflow is highest than the others. When it analyzes under anaerobic and aerobic condition to understand the release characteristic of sediment, it shows that the release rate is low or negative under the aerobic condition. Whereas the release rate is usually positive under the unaerobic condition relatively. According to these results, it is necessary to maintain the proper environmental factors of water body for decreasing the release rate of sediment. Because the release rate is changeable under the different condition of water body. Therefore, proper strategies are required for increasing the self-purification of water as well as keeping the aerobic condition of sediment and managing a sediment layer directly to control the inner-pollution by the sediment of reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

This research was conducted to establish the conservation strategy of stream water quality by analyzing the factors influenced on stream water quality in the northeastern part of Mt. Bughansan National Park from July 1998 to October 2001. The number of visitors resulted in the significant increase of electrical conductivity, which affected on pollution of the stream water quality. According to the multiple regression analysis, the pH of the stream water was related to dissolved oxygen and temperature of water at the 1% significant level. The electrical conductivity of the stream water was related to number of visitors, amount of $K^+$ and ${NO_3}^-$, total amount of ions, percentages of $Cl^-$ and $Na^+$ caused by solifluction soil at the 1% significant level. The anions($Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) of the stream water were related to number of visitors, electrical conductivity, air temperature, hardness, amount of ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, total ions, percentage of $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, amount of $Ca^{2+}$ caused by solifluction soil at the 1% significant level. To prevent the pollution of stream water in the northeastern part of Mt. Bughansan National Park, it is recommended that the number of visitors in the park should be managed and rehabilitated rapidly by measure to eco-friendly during the spring season.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2023

Combating the worldwide environmental threat of plastic waste pollution has become a priority. Plastic pollution has the potential to impact land, rivers, and seas, since many marine and terrestrial organisms have perished as a result of plastic's non-biodegradability and soil dangers. For this consumption, it seems required to manufacture and use new renewable resources. Renewable materials for diverse applications have been created utilizing nanotechnology, which may replace conventional materials for children's activities and sports equipment. This study investigates and suggests that nanotechnology-based materials be replaced with conventional materials to save the environment in manufacturing equipment for children's physical activities. On the basis of the mechanical sciences, a stability study of the bending behavior of small-scale structures will be performed for the various recommended materials.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2011

For this study the 4 sub-watersheds Okdong A, Hankang B, Jecheon A and Hankang C which are the main streams of the Han River within the mid-level region of Chungju Dam are selected and the analysis of soils has been carried out through the soil basic survey. When it comes to the soil erosion amount the soil nutrient load has been calculated by utilizing the RUSLE erosion equation. In case of the data related to the measurement of water flow and quality the information available from the "Water Information System" one of the websites run by the Ministry of Environment has been used to calculate the water pollution load. The correlation between the soil nutrient load and the water pollutant load has been analyzed through making comparison. According to the results related to the soil nutrient load of each sub-watershed the Hankang C shows the highest values TOC 29,986.92 ton/yr, TN 3,860.33 ton/yr and TP 973.97 ton/yr respectively. Even when it comes to the loads related to water quality the Hankang C shows also comparatively high values TOC 6,625.64 ton/yr, TN 7,335.01 ton/yrand TP 145.49 ton/yr respectively. The soil nutrient loads of the sub-watersheds are shown to increase towards the lower stream meaning the load increases in the order of Hankang CHankang B and Okdong A. When it comes to the water pollutant load the value goes up along down the water system meaning the load gets higher in the order of Hankang C, Hankang B and Okdong A while utilizing the mainstream within the mid-level region of Chungju Dam as the basis. The correlation study showed that the nutrient content of soil is proportional to the pollutant load in water with the strongest positive correlation with TOC.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-315
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• 2008

The total suspended particles (TSP) collected at the 1100 site of Mt. Halla have shown higher compositions for the anthropogenic components followed by marine and soil originated ones. The concentrations of the soil originated nss-$Ca^{2+}$, Al, Fe, Ca components have been increased in spring, and the anthropogenic $NH{_4}^+$, $K^+$, nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ components showed high concentrations in June. Meanwhile, the concentration of $NO{_3}^-$ as same as nss-$Ca^{2+}$ was higher in spring. It's likely due to the influence of its long-range transport from China. Compared to the non-Asian Dust periods, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$, Al, Ca, and Fe have been increased 7.2~9.5 times in Asian Dust storm periods, and those of nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO{_3}^-$ were 1.3 and 3.8 times, respectively. From the factor analysis, the TSP compositions were influenced mainly by anthropogenic emission sources, followed by oceanic and soil sources. The backward trajectory analysis has shown that the concentrations of the anthropogenic and soil components were increased when the air parcels had been moved into Jeju island via China in a northwesterly wind.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.711-720
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• 2003

To study characteristics of the heavy metal pollution, sediment samples were collected at 67 sites on the roadside of Jeonju city during summer and winter, 2002. The total concentration of metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the sediment samples were determined. The results indicate that the roadside sediments in Jeonju city have lower (1/2 to 1/7 times) concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd than the metal concentrations previously reported for roadside soil, dust and sewage sludges in Seoul. However, the metal concentrations are higher than environmental quality criteria in soil suggested from several countries, and Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents are usually 2-7 times higher than the world average contents of the metals in natural soil. Although pollution index and concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the roadside sediments at industrial area were usually higher than those of downtown and residential area, the metal having small vehicle- and steel-related industries had high concentrations of metals. The results of chemical partitioning analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Mn are mainly associated with carbonate/adsorbed and Fe-Mn oxide phases but that Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulfide fractions. It thus indicates that both large and small (vehicle- and steel-related) industries are main sources of heavy metal contamination. Due to high solubility of the carbonate phases by natural leaching episodes, the carbonate/adsorbed Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in the roadside sediments may serve as a potential source of contamination.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

In Incheon area, 1960s of economic development planning and heavy industry center of efforts industrial park and port facilities, It is industrial land reclamation by coastal landfill, these industrial park has the characteristics of Low permeability lipid is embedded in the silty sand that was dredged. In this study, To evaluate the heavy metal adsorption ability to filter of drains that have been developed as environmentally friendly materials by applying the effective zeolite to heavy metal adsorption for soil pollution purification suitable for geological characteristics of Incheon. soil pollution Survey data and Literature search, which is the current through the industry, the most problematic was set to Cadmium (Cd) and Copper(Cu), Lead (Pb). and Using the Numerical Analysis using the Visual Modflow, was presented the most efficient drains set interval and format.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2015

In recent years, immobilization agents were introduced into organic contaminated soil remediation and more and more materials were screened and used as the immobilizing carrier. However, effect of the decomposition of the immobilizing carrier on the bioremediation was rarely concerned. Therefore, the decomposition experiment of immobilizing carrier -corncob was carried out in the lab with the efficient degradation fungi - Mucor mucedo (MU) existing, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) residues E4/E6 of the dissolved organic matter and microbial diversity during the decomposition process were studied. The results showed that: a) during the decomposition, the degradation of pyrene (Pyr) was mainly in the first 28 d in which the content of extractable Pyr decreased rapidly and the highest decrease was in the treatment with only MU added. b) Anslysis of E4/E6 changes showed that rich microorganisms could promote aromatization and condensation of humus. c) From the diversity index analysis it can also be seen that there is no significant difference in effects of PAHs on the uniformity of microorganisms. These results will not only be useful to have a better understanding of the bioavailability of contaminants adsorbed to biodegradable carriers in PAHs contaminated soil remediation, but also be helpful to perfect the principle of immobilized microbial technique.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.583-596
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• 2005

Samples of water, soil, and sediment were taken from 10 streams of Andong city in Gyeongbuk province in October 2004. To assess the degree of environmental pollution for each stream site, the chemical analyses of pollutants such as T-N, T-P, COD, heavy metal, organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides, and dioxin-like PCB congeners were implemented using the standard process tests or the U. S. EPA methods. In addition, biological assessment using insect immune biomarkers was conducted on the same environmental samples to complement the chemical assessment. Except Waya stream (T-N; 2.91 mg/L, T-P; 0.16 mg/L, COD; 14.0 mg/L) with above the environmental quality standards, the T-P and COD concentrations of 9 sites are relatively low. The contents of Pb and Cd in samples taken from each stream were much lower than environmental quality standards. However, in comparison with soil samples of other streams, several times higher concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in locations at Mi, Gilan, Yeonha, and Waya stream sites. Dementon-S-methyl, diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate compounds among organophosphorous pesticides were detected as concentrations of ppb levels, respectively, from soil samples collected in the vicinity of Gilan, Mi, Norim, and Waya stream. On the other hand, 16 organochlorine pesticides and 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners selected in this study were not found in all samples. In particular, considering significant disrupting effects of Waya stream's samples on insect immune capacity, this stream seems to be contaminated with investigated and/or univestigated pollutants in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.98-117
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• 1994

To provide data for the contents regarding environmental health (environmental hygiene, environmental pollution) in the textbooks of primary, middle and high schools, a total of 243 textbooks was analysed for two months from May, to July 31, 1993. Among the total 52844.50 pages, 1.65% was related to the environmental health, which account for 870.00 pages. In the textbooks by school level, the rate of the contents regarding environmental health in primary school was 1.63% (148.75 pages). that of middle school was 1.96% (243.25 pages) and that of high school was 1.53% (478.00 pages). The area of environmental hygiene was 0.24% (129.25 pages) and that of environmental pollution was 1.40% (740.75 pages) which is slightly high. In the field of environmental hygiene, the rate of the contents in the middle school textbooks was 0.53% which was the higher than that of the primary and high school textbooks. The rate of environmental pollution area was not significantly different by school level but the number of the pages was the higher at the high school than that of the primary and middle schools, which account for 428.8 pages. The contents related by the areas were as follows: 1. Contents related to environmental hygiene 1) Among environemtnal hygiene contents, the rate of housing sanitation was the highest as 0.14% (73.00 pages), that of air environment was 0.06% (33.00 pages) and that of water supply sanitation was 0.03% (17.25 pages). The portion of air environment was 5.00 pages in the primary school textbooks and that of housing sanitation at the middle and high schools was each 35.0 pages, 35.50 pages, which was the more than that of other fields. By school year, there was no contents related at the 1st and 2nd grades but were 4.75 pages at the 4th grade which were the more than those of other grades. At the 5th grade, water supply sanitation part was found but not air environment. Housing sanitation was found at the 3rd, 5th grades and insect or rodent control was at the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th grades. 2) In the middle school textbooks related to environmental health, 41.0 pages were included in the textbooks of pysical education, the highest number. The next was 19.5 pages in home economics, 2.8 pages in social studies and 3.00 pages in others. The contents of air environment were found in the textbooks of physical education and science, those of water supply and housing sanitation were in home economics and physical education and those of insect control were found 0.5 pages in home economics only. 3) In the high school textbooks, the highest number was 27.8 pages of home economics and the next was 11.5 pages of others, 7.8 pages of physical education, 2.0 pages of science and 0.3 pages of social studies. Air environment parts were included in the textbooks of science, physical education and home economics and water sanitation was in home economics, physical education and others. Housing sanitation was showed in home economics and social studies, on the other side the contents of insect or rodent control was found in home economics and physical education. 4) By the subjects related to environmental hygiene in the primary, middle and high school textbooks, 51.0 pages of home economics were the highest portion. It was also revealed that 49.5 pages of physical education, 14.5 pages of others, 13.5 pages of science and 0.8 pages of social studies were included. The number of 33.0 pages of air environment portion was distributed into 9.75 pages of science, 19.0 pages of physical education and 4.25 pages of others. Among 17.3 pages of water sanitation, 3.5 pages of home economics, 11.3 pages of physical education and 2.5 pages of others were included. Housing sanitation portions were 73.0 pages, which were distributed into 46.5 pages of home economics, 0.5 pages of social studies, 18.3 pages of physical education and 7.8 pages of others. 5) The number of photo, figure, illustration and table related in the primary school textbooks was 31. Among them, the number of photos was 21, that of figures or illustrations was 9 and that of table was 1. The number of 63 in the middle school textbooks was classified into 3 photos, 32 figures or illustrations and 28 tables. At the high school, the number of 56 was included 2 photos, 41 figures or illustrations and 13 tables.2. Contents related to environmental pollution 1) In the field of environmental pollution, the rate of water pollution was 0.39% (203.3 pages), that of air pollution was 0.31% (161.5 pages) that of soil pollution was 0.1% (57.3 pages), that of refuse disposal was 0.08% (40.3 pages) and others was 0.5% (278.5 pages) by school level, the rate of water pollution in the primary, middle and high schools was each 40.5, 48.0, 118.8 pages and that of air pollution was each 20.8, 38.3, 102.5 pages. 2) Environmental pollution areas were not inserted in the textbooks at the 1st grade of the primary school but foqnd 5.5 pages at the 2nd grade, 30.5 pages at the 4th grade, 36.3 pages at the 5th grade and a,9.5 pages at the 6th grade. Water pollution was included from the 2nd grade, air pollution and refuse disposal from the 3rd grade and soil pollution from the 5th grade. 3) In the middle school textbooks, environmental pollution was distributed into 90.25 pages of science, 42.8. pages of physical education, 20.5 pages of social studies, 19.5 pages of others and 4.0 pages of home economics. At the high school, the contents were found 191.3 pages in science, 119.3 pages in others, 88.5 pages in social studies, 28.5 pages in physical education and 1.3 pages in home economics. 4) By subjects of the primary, middle and high schools, the portion of environmental pollution was classified into 322.2 pages of science, 195.0 pages of social studies, 138.8 pages of others, 76.3 pages of physical education and 8.5 pages of home economics. Air and soil pollution parts were not found in the subjects of home economics. 5) The number of photo, figure or illustration and table related in the primary school textbooks was 218. Among them, the number of photos was 61, that of figures or illustrations was 149 and that of tables was 8. At the middike school, the number of 153 was distributed into 99 photos, 34 figures or illustrations and 20 tables. The number of 129 found in the high school textbooks was included 129 photos, 73 figures or illustrations and 100 tables.