• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated effect of particle size on arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility in soils highly contaminated with arsenic from smelting and mining. Soils were partitioned into six particle size fractions ($2000-500{\mu}m$, $500-250{\mu}m$, $250-150{\mu}m$, $150-75{\mu}m$, $75-38{\mu}m$, <$38{\mu}m$), and arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility were characterized in each particle size fraction. Arsenic solid-state speciation was characterized via sequential extraction and XRD analysis, and arsenic bioaccessibility was evaluated by SBRC (Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium) method. In smelter site soil, arsenic was mainly present as arsenic bound to amorphous iron oxides. Fine particle size fractions showed higher arsenic concentration, but lower arsenic bioaccessibility. On the other hand, arsenic in mine site soil showed highest concentration in largest particle size fraction ($2000-500{\mu}m$), while higher bioaccessibility was observed in smaller particle size fractions. Arsenic in mine site soil was mainly present as arsenolite ($As_2O_3$) phase, which seemed to affect the distribution of arsenic and arsenic bioaccessibility in different particle size fractions of the mine soil.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Different physical and chemical properties of biochar, which is made out of a variety of biomass materials, can impact water movement through amended soil. The objective of this research was to develop a decision support tool evaluating the impact of the shape and the size distribution of biochar on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_{sat}$). METHODS AND RESULTS: Plastic beads of different size and morphology were compared with biochar to assess impacts on soil $K_{sat}$. Bead and biochar were added at the rate of 5% (v/w) to coarse sand. The particle size of bead and biochar had an effect on the $K_{sat}$, with larger and smaller particle sizes than the original sand grain (0.5 mm) decreasing the $K_{sat}$ value. The equivalent size bead or biochar to the sand grains had no impact on $K_{sat}$. The amendment shape also influenced soil hydraulic properties, but only when the particle size was between 3-6 mm. Intra-particle porosity had no significant influence on the $K_{sat}$ due to its small pore size and increased tortuosity compared to the inter-particle spaces (macro-porosity). CONCLUSION: The results supported the conclusion that both particle size and shape of the amended biochar impacted the $K_{sat}$ value.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2024

In the agricultural machinery field, load analysis is mostly done through field tests. However, field tests are time-consuming and costly. There are also limitations in test conditions due to weather conditions. To overcome these environmental limitations, research on load analysis through simulation in a virtual environment is actively being conducted. This study aimed to select the most appropriate soil particle size for modeling by analyzing the effect of soil particle size on the prediction of draft force of the implement using simulation and soil particle modeling in a virtual environment with the discrete element method (DEM) software. The accuracy was verified by simulating the draft force for the same moving speed by soil particle size. For soil particle modeling, DEM soil modeling was performed by designing soil property measurement procedure. Soil particle correction was performed with a virtual vane shear test. Average DEM simulation results showed an error of 27.39% (19.43~40.66%) compared to actual measured data. The possibility of improvement was confirmed through additional research. Results of this study provide useful information for selecting soil particle size in soil modeling using DEM from the perspective of agricultural machinery research.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2016

In this study, we developed a new volume reduction technique for cesium contaminated soil by magnetic separation. Cs in soil is mainly adsorbed on clay which is the smallest particle constituent in the soil, especially on paramagnetic 2:1 type clay minerals which strongly adsorb and fix Cs. Thus selective separation of 2:1 type clay with a superconducting magnet could enable to reduce the volume of Cs contaminated soil. The 2:1 type clay particles exist in various particle sizes in the soil, which leads that magnetic force and Cs adsorption quantity depend on their particle size. Accordingly, we examined magnetic separation conditions for efficient separation of 2:1 type clay considering their particle size distribution. First, the separation rate of 2:1 type clay for each particle size was calculated by particle trajectory simulation, because magnetic separation rate largely depends on the objective size. According to the calculation, 73 and 89 % of 2:1 type clay could be separated at 2 and 7 T, respectively. Moreover we calculated dose reduction rate on the basis of the result of particle trajectory simulation. It was indicated that 17 and 51 % of dose reduction would be possible at 2 and 7 T, respectively. The difference of dose reduction rate at 2 T and 7 T was found to be separated a fine particle. It was shown that magnetic separation considering particle size distribution would contribute to the volume reduction of contaminated soil.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 입도분포가 액상화 저항강도 및 동적물성치에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 검증하였다. 우리나라 준설매립토의 입도분포 조사를 통해 준설매립토의 보편적인 평균입경 4가지와 균등계수 3가지를 선정하였고 평균입경과 균등계수를 각각 달리한 총 12종류의 대표적 준설매립토의 입도분포를 선정, 시료를 제작하였다. 제작된 시료를 이용하여 진동삼축시험을 수행하여 평균입경과 균등계수가 액상화 저항강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 공진주시험을 수행하여 입도분포가 동적물성치에 미치는 영향도 분석하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2008

본 연구는 광미오염토양을 대상으로 입자크기에 따른 토양세척기술의 중금속 추출특성 평가와 토양세척 전과 후의 화학적 분포형태를 파악하고자 실시되었다. 오염토양의 입자크기 별 총 농도는 모든 중금속에서 입자가 작을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, Fe과 Mn은 입자크기와는 무관하였다. 0.05 M EDTA를 이용한 토양세척(Soil washing)에 의한 중금속 추출은 모든 중금속에서 추출 6 h 내에 준평형상태에 도달하였다. 추출효율은 입자크기가 작을수록 Pb, Cu, Zn의 일부에서 추출효율이 감소하였지만, Cd에서는 추출효율의 차이가 크지 않았다. Cd의 추출효율이 86~91%로 가장 높은 반면에 Fe이 5~14%로 가장 적었다. 화학적 분포형태는 토양세척 이전 모든 중금속에서 거의 대부분이 환원성, 산화성, 잔류성으로 존재하였으며 특히, Pb과 Cu는 입자가 작을수록 잔류성 형태도 증가하였다. 그러나, 0.05 M EDTA에 의한 토양세척 이후에는 Cu를 제외하고 Pb, Zn, Cd에서 상당부분이 환원성(Fe/Mn산화물)과 잔류성으로 존재하였고, Cu는 주로 산화성과 잔류성으로 존재하였다. 특히, Pb과 Cu는 입자가 작을수록 잔류성 형태도 증가하였다. 또한, Pb, Zn, Cd에서 환원성형태의 화합물이 0.05 M EDTA에 의해 거의 90% 이상이 제거되었다. 본 연구결과 광미오염토양의 중금속 분포형태 및 추출효율은 많은 인자들 외에 광물학적 요인과 함께 토양입자크기에 좌우되는 주요인자임이 확인되었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 예천지역의 화강풍화토에 대하여 KS F 2302의 체 분석 방법과 규정에 준하여 체분석 시험을 수행하고, 물 세척시 발생되는 흙의 입자분리와 입도분포 변화의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 광학현미경에 의한 영상이미지 분석결과 흙입자가 물에 의해 더 작은 입자로 분리됨을 확인하였고 입도분포곡선의 변화를 5가지 지표값으로 산출한 결과 세립분(0.075 mm)의 증가량은 13.67%, 임의 입경(0.25 mm)의 증가량은 19.44%, 입도분포곡선의 최대통과율폭(B_M)은 #30 체에서 21.08%가 증가되었고 입도분포곡선의 이동면적(A)은 69.28%·mm로 분석되었으며 평균입경(D₅₀)은 0.663 mm가 감소되었다. 이러한 결과는 물 세척을 수행하는 것이 세립토의 함량이 실제보다 과소평가 되는 것을 막을 수 있는 효과적인 방법임을 의미한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2001

Sensing soil organic matter is crucial for precision farming and environment friendly agriculture. Near infra-red(NIR) was utilized to measure the soil organic matter. Multivariate calibration methods, including stepwise multiple linear regression(MLR), principal components recession(PCR) and partial least squares regression(PLS), were applied to soil spectral reflectance data to predict the organic matter content. The effect of soil particle size and water content was studied. The range of soil organic matter contents was from 0.5 to 11%. Near infrared (NIR) region from 700 to 2,500nm was applied. For uniform soil particle size, result had good correlation (R$\^$2/ = 0.984, standard error of prediction= 0.596). The effect of soil particle size could be eliminated with 1st order derivative of the NIR signal. However. moist soil had a little lower correlation. R$\^$2/ was 0.95 and standard error of prediction was 0.94% using the PLS method. The results showed the possibility of soil organic matter measurement using NIR reflectance on the field.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

Soils are natural granular materials whose mechanical properties differ according to the size and composition of the particles, so soils exhibit an obvious scale effect. Traditional soil mechanics is based on continuum mechanics, which can not reflect the impact of particle size on soil mechanics. On that basis, a matrix-reinforcing-particle cell model is established in which the reinforcing particles are larger-diameter sand particles and the matrix comprises smaller-diameter bentonite particles. Since these two types of particles deform differently under shear stress, a new shear-strength theory under direct shear that considers the stress concentration and bypass phenomena of the matrix is established. In order to verify the rationality of this theory, a series of direct shear tests with different reinforcing particle diameter and volume fraction ratio are carried out. Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the interaction among particles of differing size and composition is the basic reason for the size effect of soils. Furthermore, the stress concentration and bypass phenomena of the matrix enhance the shear strength of a soil, and the volume ratio of reinforcing particles has an obvious impact on the shear strength. In addition, the newly proposed shear-strength theory agrees well with experimental values.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

황과 Powers(2003)는 입도분포와 공극크기분포에 로그분포함수를 적용하여, 입도분포로부터 토양수분특성을 직접 추정하는 간단한 모형을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 황과 Powers(2003)가 개발한 모형의 추정능력이 토성에 의해 영향을 받는가를 밝히는 것이다. 연구결과, 모형은 토성에 의해 영향을 받았고, 특히 토양내 세립질 분율이 커질수록 모형의 추정능력은 감소하였다. 또한 입도와 공극크기사이의 관계를 비선형으로 가정한 비선형모형이 선형모형보다 토성에 관계없이 그 추정능력이 크게 나타났다.