• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권A호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

This paper is an experimental work of estimating friction angle of very coarse grained soil such as rubble mound by performing laboratory experiments. Two crushed rocks of rubble mound were used for tests. Triaxial compression tests with drained conditions were performed to measure friction angles of soils prepared by mixing the crushed soil having an identical coefficient of uniformity with different maximum grain size distribution. Centrifuge model experiments with those soils were also performed to measure angle of repose and to estimate friction angle of soil from measuring the slope of slip line in the active stress state. Model tests were carried out by changing the G-levels of 1G and 50G. From triaxial compression tests, the measured value of friction angle of soil is in the range of $41{\sim}57^{\circ}$. The measured value of repose angle is in the range of $32{\sim}35^{\circ}$. The values of friction angle are found not so sensitive to the maximum grain size of soil as long as the coefficient of uniformity is identical. Estimated value of friction angle from measuring the slope of slip line in the active stress state is in the range of $30{\sim}46^{\circ}$. Thus, the estimated angle of friction are found to be greater in the order of the measured angle of repose, the estimated value from the slope of active state, and triaxial compression test results. On the other hand, the measured values of friction angle from triaxial tests were compared with empirical equations, based on the relation between friction angle and void ratio. Equations proposed by Helenelund(l966) and Hansen(1967) found to be relatively reliable to estimate friction angles of soil.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2761-2769
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• 1972

The following results were obtained by the compression test of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days cured lime soil mixtures. The soil used in this test was clayey soil(sand : 20% silt : 45%, clay : 35%) and the rates of hydrated lime mixture for the dry weight of soil were 4, 8, 12, 19 and 20 percents. 1. The optimum moisture content increases and the maximum dry density decreases with the increase of the lime content. 2. The compacted moisture for the maximum strength in lime soil mixture increases with the increase of the lime content and the increase of curing periods. 3. The compressive strength increase of curing periods and its increasing ratio is largest at the 8 percent lime content. 4. The line content for the maximum strength decreases with increase of curing period and the largest strength shows at the 8 percent lime content when the curing period is over two weeks. 5. It seems to depend on the temperature effect that the compressive strength of lime soil mixtures cured in soil shows the lowest value. Accordingly, the effect of curing moisture does not influence to the strength of lime soil mixtures as much as the variation of curing temperature.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2014

The theoretical predictions of ground movements induced by tunnelling are usually based on the assumptions that the subsoil has the same soil densities. The theoretical prediction does not consider the impact of different sand soil types on the surface settlement due to tunnelling. The finite elements analysis (FEA) considers stress and strength parameters of the different sand soil densities. The tunnel construction requires the solution of large soil-structure interaction problem. In the present study, the FEA is used to model soil-tunnel system performance based on a case study to discuss surface displacement due to tunnelling. The Greater Cairo metro tunnel (Line 3) is considered in the present study as case study. The surface displacements obtained by surface displacement equation (SDE) proposed by Peck and Schmidt (1969) are presented and discussed. The main objective of this study is to capture the limitations of the parameters used in the SDE based on the FEA at different sand soil densities. The study focuses on the parameters used in the SDE based on different sand soil densities. The surface displacements obtained by the FEA are compared with those obtained by the SDE. The results discussed in this paper show that the different sand soil densities neglected in the SDE have a significant influence on the surface displacement due to tunnelling.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1998

The radon (Rn-222) potential of metropolitan subway stations and soils in Seoul city were delineated using alpha-track filter and EDA-200 radon detectors, respectively. The uranium (U) and thorium (Th) contents were also determined using a Multi Channel Analyzer to identify the sources of radon gas. The average U concentrations in Seoul varies according to basement rock types. For example, there is $9.40{\pm}10.11ppm$ in the Precambrian metasedimentary rock (PM), $9.08{\pm}2.85ppm$ in the Jurassic Kwanaksan granite (JK) and $4.94{\pm}1.43ppm$ in the Jurassic Seoul granite (JS). Uranium contents in soil samples are $10.30{\pm}4.74ppm$ in JK, $10.10{\pm}7.43ppm$ in PM and $6.69{\pm}3.95ppm$ in JS and these closely reflect the content of uraniferous minerals. The levels of soil radon are $604{\pm}273pCi/L$ in JK, $502{\pm}275$ in JS and $262{\pm}211pCi/L$ in PM. The soil radon concentrations are shown to reflect soil permeability and porosity rather than their U contents. The mean indoor radon contents in subway stations are $1.50{\pm}0.62pCi/L$ on the 4th line, $1.41{\pm}0.95pCi/L$ on the 3rd line, $0.84{\pm}0.13pCi/L$ on the 1st line and $0.80{\pm}0.25pCi/L$ on the 2nd line. The subway stations located in the JK have the highest average radon concentration with $2.04{\pm}0.65pCi/L$, where levels of $1.57{\pm}0.81pCi/L$ occur in the JS and $0.80{\pm}0.23pCi/L$ in the PM. The highest radon levels of 4.1 pCi/L occur mainly in Keongbokkung station on the 3rd line and these exceed 4 pCi/L of the US EPA action level.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.805-812
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior of a reinforced earth wall by modeling the properties of the interface between soil and reinforced elements as well as the non-linear stress-strain characteristics of soil. The effect of lateral earth pressures induced during construction is also included in the analyses. The interface element used to evaluate the relative movement of the interface between soil/reinforcement and soil/wall- facing has a zero thickness and essentially consists of normal and shear springs. The behavior of soil element is calculated based on the hyperbolic model. The computer program SSCOMPPC which includes the interface element, hyperbolic model and bi-linear model is applied in this study. From the analyses, it is showed that the locus of maximum tension were closed to the hi-linear failure line of theoretical analyses. The lateral displacement of SSCOMPPC is larger than that of the FLAC which adopts the elastic model. This means the analysis which is adopted the hyperbolic model and interface element induced more larger displacement.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.77-87
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• 1994

This research is an experimental work of investigating the behavior of soil nailing system under surcharges whereas most of them were concentrated on evaluating its capacity under selfweight of excavated ground. Model tests in laboratory were performed to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil nailing system under surcharges in forms of strip loading. Tests were carried out to find parameters controlling its capacity such as length of nail, vertical and horizontal spacings between nails, inclination of nail installation, and loading position of surcharges. Failure mechanism of forming failure line due to surcharge to soil nailing system was also observed by using dyed sand and monitoring its behavior. From results of these test, effects of parameters was analyzed qualitatively. Thus, this experimental results could provide meaningful data to analyze and design this system later.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1986

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been applied to the microcomputer based Geographic Information System (GIS) data planes to model a soil erosion map for a county. The conventional method applied by US Soil conservation Service (SCS) has been tedious and time consuming process on a mainframe computer which yields a multisectioned, hard to interprete, line printer map of the each county's soil loss. The new approach proved to be an economical and efficient tool for the natural resource managers in their decision malting in land conservation practice. They can simulate the variety of conservation practices and assess the cost and benefit without physically implementing the conservation measures.7he new approach also can produce all the other graphical and statistical reports.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1997

This study has conducted to analyze the crelationship among soil properties and to investigate how they affect soil physical characteristics and plant growth. The experiment of woody plant growth was conducted as follows : Type I was the original soil. Type II, the soil particles smaller than 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from the original soil. Type III, the soil particles is smaller than 75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from original soil. Wisteria floribunda A.P.DC and Celtis sinensisi Pers. were used for plant growth measurement. 1. Soil type II. the closest to Fuller's curved line, showed high dry bulk density and low in soil pores and saturated hydraulic conductivities. This created poor soil aeration and limited space for the root to growth. When the root did not have sufficient space to grow, there was a lot of physical stress, which hindered the root growth. 2. Soil typeIII was high saturated hydraulic conductivity and a lot of soil pores larger than 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. As a result, there were more available spaces for root to spread. It was considered that there was less physical stress for root growth. Therefore, soil typeIII showed significantly greater root growth. 3. Because soil type III has less small particles and saturated hydraulic conductivity was high, and water infiltrates rapidly into the underground when there was rainfall or irrigation. The soil typeIII becomes much stronger soil mechanically due to the less small particles. Therefore, soil typeIII was a suitable material for applying on planting sites where soil compaction is expected.

• 물과 미래
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1981

댐이나 제방과 같이 흙으로 축조된 수리구조물에 있어서, 자유지하수면의 최상부 침투선을 해석하였다. 자유지하수면에 작용하는 압력은 대기압이고, 침투선은 유선이라는 원리에 의하여 연구를 수행하였다. 미지의 침투선을 해석하기 위하여 Galerkin 원리에 기초를 둔 유한요소법에 의하여 다공체속을 흐르는 정류상태의 침투수를 해석하여 실험치와 이론치를 비교하였고 그 결과 이론치와 실험치가 거의 일치함을 알았다. 결론적으로 침투선해석에 있어서 유한요소법이 실험적인 방법보다 더 실용적이라는 것을 알았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2014

베트남 북부 네안(Nghe An)성 뀌 펑(Que Phong)에서 북서쪽으로 약 30 km 떨어진 칠 레(Tri Le) 일대를 대상으로 토양지구화학탐사를 수행하였다. 200 m 23 line, 300 m 10 line 228개 토양지구화학탐사 결과를 바탕으로 총희토류(TREO) 함량이 높은 격자점을 대상으로 정밀 피트탐사를 수행하여 총 7개 피트에서 토양 75개를 채취하였다. 조사지역의 지질은 반 찌응(Ban Chieng) 흑운모 화강암 복합체와 화강암질 편마암이 석영 편암과 대리암으로 구성된 반캉(Ban Kang)층을 관입하고 있다. 본 역의 주요 광화작용은 주석, 루비, 그리고 화강암 복합체의 주변부 변질대에 분포하고 있는 것으로 사료되는 함희토류 모나자이트와 제노타임의 산출이 특징적이다. 토양지구화학탐사에서 채취한 토양시료에 대하여 희토류원소의 화학성분을 ICP-MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 배경토양의 총희토류 함량이 지각 평균의 약 2배를 초과하고 있으며, 중희토류(약 2배)와 경희토류(약 1.5배)가 모두 부화되어 있다. 정밀 피트탐사에서 채취한 토양시료에 대하여 희토류원소의 화학성분을 ICP-MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 7개 피트중 단지 격자점 1-10번 피트에서만 희토류 광체로 추정되는 풍화받은 화강암 노두를 인지하였다. 토양지구화학탐사 및 정밀 피트탐사를 종합적으로 고찰한 결과, 칠레(Tri Le) 지역은 희토류에 대해서 유망하지 않은 지역으로 잠정적으로 고려되었다. 2014년에는 2011-2012년 조사지역으로 선정된 뀌 차우(Quy Chau)의 희토류 광화대 연장광체 발견을 목표로 토양지구화학 탐사를 수행할 계획이다.