• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2012

Available phosphorus($P_2O_5$) in conventionally cultivated soil was more abundant in two fold than that of organically cultivated soil. Relative density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was higher in organically cultivated soil, That of welsh onion cultivated soil was the highest, that of strawberry was followed and then that of pepper, respectively. Relative density of AMF was inversely proportioned to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus content of crop and relative density of AMF were more abundant in organically cultivated crop or soil. However available soil phosphorus content was much in conventionally cultivated soil. The phosphorus contents between soil and crop were negatively correlated. The phosphorus content of crop was increased as the relative density of AMF increased. Relative density of AMF in the organically cultivated soil and phosphorus content of the crop with organic cultivation were higher than those of conventionally cultivated.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1981

Attempts were made to develope the method of biological control by application of hyperparasitism on plant disease. The hyperparasitic fungi used in this work was Trichoderma sp. which was isolated from the ginseng growing soil, and the host fungi were Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Glomerella cingulata(St) Spau. et Schr. The hyperparasitic fungi identified as Trichoderma viride. It was observed that the hyperparasitic fungi either contact and penetrate into the hyphae of the host or inhibit the growth of host finally destroy of the host cells.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known for their ability to improve plant growth and help plants withstand abiotic stress conditions. Unlike other fungi and bacteria, AMF cannot be stored, as they are obligate biotrophs. Long-term preservation of AMF spores is challenging and may lead to the loss of viability and efficiency. This study aimed to understand the effect of prolonged subculture of AMF species on the growth and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) from red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AMF spores were mass-produced using different techniques and subcultured in pots with sorghum sudangrass as the host plant for 3 years. Experimental soil samples were collected from natural grassland. Five different AMF inocula were used in triplicate as treatments. After 70 days of growth, red pepper plants were harvested and plant dry weight, plant nutrient content, mycorrhizal colonization, AMF spore count, and soil glomalin content were determined. AMF-treated plants displayed higher dry weight than controls, with only fruit dry weight being significantly different. Similarly, significant differences in phosphorous and potassium contents of the above-ground plant parts were observed between mycorrhizal and control treatments. In addition, soil GRSP content was significantly higher in plants inoculated with Rhizophagus sp. and Gigaspora margarita. The increased plant growth and GRSP content suggest that AMF can be maintained for 3 years without losing their efficiency if subcultured regularly with different symbiotic host plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.831-838
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• 2018

Trophic interactions of introduced biocontrol fungi with soil animals can be a key determinant in the fungal proliferation and activity. This study investigated the trophic interaction of an introduced biocontrol fungus with soil nematodes. The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. (10 per gram of soil) were added to nonsterile soil, and microbial populations were monitored for 40 days. Similar results were obtained when the experiment was duplicated. ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of indigenous nematodes (p < 0.05), regardless of whether Aphelenchoides sp. was added. Without ThzID1-M3, indigenous nematodes did not increase in number and the added Aphelenchoides sp. nematodes almost disappeared by day 10. With ThzID1-M3, population growth of nematodes was rapid between 5 and 10 days after treatment. ThzID1-M3 biomass peaked on day 5, dropped at day 10, and then almost disappeared at day 20, which was not influenced by the addition of nematodes. In contrast, a large quantity of ThzID1-M3 hyphae were present in a heat-treated soil in which nematodes were eliminated. Total fungal biomass in all treatments peaked on day 5 and subsequently decreased. Addition of nematodes increased the total fungal biomass (p < 0.05), but ThzID1-M3 addition did not affect the fungal biomass. Hyphae of total fungi when homogenously distributed did not support the nematode population growth; however, hyphae of the introduced fungus did when densely localized. The results suggest that soil fungivorous nematodes are an important constraint on the hyphal proliferation of fungal agents introduced into natural soils.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1992

답전윤환토양(畓田輪換土壤)에서 작부형태(作付形態)를 달리하여 작물을 재배했을 때 토양미생물상(土壤微生物相)의 경시적변화(輕時的變化)와 토양화학성분(土壤化學成分)과의 관계를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작물재배 기간 중 미생물상의 변화는 휴한지(休閑地)와 수도 및 대두 연속재배지(連續栽培地)에서 세균과 방선균수는 5월부터 8월까지 현저한 증가를 보였으나 사상균수는 감소되었다. 2. 대두연속재배구에서 Gram 음성균(陰性菌)인 Pseudomonas- 및 Rhzobium속 세균수가 그리고 Gram 양성균(陽性菌)인 Bacillus subtilis의 증가를 보였으며, 휴한지(休閑地)에서는 Agrobacterium속 세균수의 증가를 보였다. 3. 감자 및 배추 연속(連續) 재배구(栽培區)에서 Fusarium-, Rhizoctonia-, Phoma속의 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)가 증가되었으며, 특히 전(全) 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)에 대한 토양(土壤) 병원성(病源性) 사상균(絲狀菌)의 비율이 현저히 증가되었다. 4. 토양(土壤) 미생물(微生物) 분석(分布) 중 세균 및 방선균 수는 토양 양이온 중(Ca＋Mg)/K 비율과 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 그리고 사상균(絲狀菌) 수(數)와의 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

Pig slurry is a good soil amendment not only because of its high organic matter content, but also because of its ability to provide various nutrients. The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of raw and processed pig slurry application on pot soil over chemical fertilizer and non-amended control soil. Change in the chemical parameters (pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), macro and micronutrients) and microbial mass of the treated soils were monitored over 30 to 90 days. Pot soil was treated with the recommended dose of pig slurry and chemical fertilizer, and was sampled after 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. The least significanct difference (p<0.05) was observed on Fe, Cu, Zn, available P and K between treatments. All treatments increased N, P and K content and microbial mass of soil over control soil. Interestingly, no significant effects were detected on OM, OC, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi mass in soil irrespective of treatments given. However fungal and bacterial counts, as well as available nutrients, were found to be higher in processed slurry (PS)-treated soil compared to other soils. In general a significant correlation existed between the fungal count and OM, OC, Zn, T Kjeldahl N (TKN), available P and K of soil. A strong negative correlation was observed between pH and Fe in soil. This study clearly demonstrated that the use of processed manure as a fertilizer could be a key for sustainable livestock agriculture.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2004

A sucrose-agar globule (SAG) was newly introduced to increase production of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal spores, Gigaspora gigantea and Glomus fasciculatum. An SAG inoculum and a sucrose-agar globule with root exudates (SAGE) inoculum were prepared, and their spore productions were compared with a soil inoculum. When the SAGE was used as the inoculum on sucrose-agar medium plates the number of spores was increased (35% more than the soil inoculum). After the soil inoculum and SAGE were inoculated on an experimental plant, Zingiber officinale, the percentage root colonization, number of VAM spores, and dry matter content were analyzed. It was observed that the SAGE showed a higher percentage of root colonization (about 10% more), and increases in the number of spores (about 26%) and dry matter (more than 13%) for the two VAM fungal spores than the soil inoculum. The results of this study suggested that the SAGE inoculum may be useful for the mass production of VAM fungi and also for the large scale production of VAM fungal fertilizer.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1991

With the soil samples collected from 33 locations in Kwangju area, the physiochemical properties of soil and soil microorganisms have been studied and the results of'the analysis were as follows ;1 . Tlle temperatilre, pH, moisture and organic matter of sampling s'tes were measured in the range of 21.O~28.O$^{\circ}C$, 4.0"6.6, 2.1"24.0% and 2.8~22.0% respectively.and that showed wide range distribution in moisture and organio mattrr particulary.and averase was 24.$^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 4.9 of pH, 11.9% of moisture and 8.9% of'organic matter.2. The general bacterial number, cellulolytic bacterial number, general fungal number and cellulolytic fungal number were measured in tile range of 23$\times$10$^{[-995]}$ _1548x10$^{[-995]}$ , 8.0$\times$10$^{[-995]}$ ~412.0$\times$10$^{[-995]}$ , 0.3$\times$10$^{[-994]}$ ~56.4$\times$10$^{[-994]}$ and 0.Ix10$^{[-994]}$ ~17.2x10$^{[-994]}$ , respectivelyand average was 378.4$\times$10$^{[-995]}$ of general bacteria, 102.5$\times$10$^{[-995]}$ of cellulolytic bacteria.13.OX10$^{[-994]}$ of general fungi and 4.3$\times$10$^{[-994]}$ of cellulolytic fungi.tic fungi.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권3호통권86호
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• pp.293-301
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• 1998

토양 희석방법을 이용하여 토양에 분포하는 곰팡이에 대한 분포 조사를 실시하였다. 토양 시료는 경상남도 진주시에 분포하는 머스크멜론 시설 재배지에서 채취하였으며 총 7종의 자낭균을 분리, 동정하였다. 이들 중 Sordariales목에 속하는 5종의 균을 국내에 처음 보고하며 이들의 형태적 특징을 기재하였다. 이들 균은 완전세대와 불완전세대를 동시에 가지는 Corynascus sepedonium과 Petriella sordida와 완전세대만을 가지는 Thielavia fragilis, Chaetomium indicum과 Chaetomium brasiliense이다. 본 논문에 기재된 균들은 농업과학기술원 농용미생물 보존센타에 보관하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 1997

Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of Richards' parameter estimates, ginseng field soils were grouped as the principal component 1 (PC1) and the principal component 2 (PC2). The microflora and physico-chemical characteristics of each soil group were compared to elucidate soil environmental factors affecting the disease development of root rot of ginseng seedling. Among 3 soil groups by PC1, there were differences in the populations of total fungi (TF) and Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium (C+F), and the population ratio of Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium to total fungi or total bacteria (C+F/TF, C+F/TB) in rhizoplane of ginseng seedlings, the population of total actinomycetes (TA) and the population ratio of total Fusarium to total actinomycetes (Fus/TA) in soil, and soil chemical properties (EC, NO3-N, K, Mn, ect.). Among 4 soil groups by PC2, there were differences in TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane, Trichoderma plus Gliocladium (T+G) in soil, and P2O5 content in soil. Especially, EC, NO3-N, K, K/Mg and Mn were positively correlated to PC1, and TA was negatively to PC1; however, TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane were significantly correlated to PC2 positively. On the other hand, microbes in the rhizoplane were not significantly correlated to the stand-missing rate (SMR), although TA and Fe/Mn were negatively correlated, and pH and Ca were positively correlated to SMR.