• Title/Summary/Keyword: Soil animal

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Biological Treatment of Piggery Liquid Manure by Malodor Reducing Bacteria (악취 저감용 세균에 의한 돈분뇨의 생물학적 처리)

  • Quan, Xiao-Tian;Shin, Jae-Hyeong;Wang, Yan-Qing;Choi, Min-Gyung;Kim, Sang-Min;Kim, Soo-Ki
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.12
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    • pp.971-978
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    • 2022
  • Sulfur-oxidizing, ammonium-oxidizing, and nitrogen-oxidizing media were used to isolate bacteria to degrade malodor gas effectively in piggery manure or soil. Twelve different strains were isolated: Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Rhodococcus jostii, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Rhodococcus opacus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Kastia adipate, Kastia adipata, Microbacterium oxydans, Halomonas campisalis, Acinetobacter oleivorans, and Micrococcus luteus. By inoculating each strain in the piggery liquid manure by 1%, the pH in most strain treatments was maintained at 8.0. Total bacterial counts were maintained at 7.3~7.9 log CFU/ml until 15 days, and then they dropped dramatically down to 5.1~5.5 log CFU/ml. On the 30th day, the treatment group inoculated with Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 showed a relatively high level of ammonium nitrogen removal, which was 39% of that of the control group. When Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 was inoculated, H2S concentration after 100 days was 3.23% compared with the control (no inoculation), suggesting that Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 is an excellent strain for removing malodor gas. The gas production of the treatments was lower than that of the control. The total accumulated amount of gas production in most strain treatments was a quarter of the gas production compared to the control throughout the experimental periods. Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 showed the lowest level at 12.39% compared to the control in gas production. In conclusion, the use of mixture strains, such as Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 and Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 isolated in this study could increase the efficacy of malodor gas reduction in the biological treatment of piggery manure.

Problems and Amelioration Measures of the Assessment on Terrestrial Ecosystem Field in Environmental Impact Statement (환경영향평가서에 나타난 육상생태분야의 평가에 대한 문제점과 개선방안)

  • Koh, Kang-Suk;Suh, Min-Hwan;Kang, In-Goo
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to find the problems of assessment on terrestrial ecosystem part in environmental impact analysis(EIA) and to suggest the proper amelioration measures by analyzing 19 environmental impact statements(EIS) published during the period from 1991 to 1994. The results obtained from this study were as follows. Field survey for the investigation of fauna and flora in project areas should be conducted at least 3 times a year and name of investigator should be written on the EIS clearly. Increase or decrease in degree of green naturality and productivity cannot be an absolute criteria for expressing the amount of changes in ecosystem. Evaluation for the ecosystems and their composition in project area is more important than presenting merely the increase or decrease in degree of green naturality and productivity. Alleviation measures in 19 EISs analyzed in this study were summarized into 6 types: They are establishment of landscape plan, transplanting of useful trees preservation of big tree and protected species, restoration and preservation of existent vegetation, establishment of soil conservation measures and diminution of the impact on animal. However, they were somewhat insufficient because they wouldn't suggest the alleviation measures in detail. The more positive counter-proposals are needed to decrease the impact of the project on terrestrial ecosystem.

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Ecosystem Analysis for Little Yong-neup, Baby Yong-neup in Daeam-san in Korea (대암산 작은용늪 및 애기용늪 생태현황분석)

  • Li, Lan;Park, Eun Kyoung;Park, Mi Ok;Koo, Bon Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.43-56
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    • 2014
  • In this study, ecological investigation was performed on Yong-neup, Daeam-san for 5 times. This area is considered DMZ zone located between Yanggu-gun and Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, where has been recognized highly valuable for ecological preservation. As a result, Sphagnum and hydrophobic vegetation were found in Little Yong-neup, revealing its characteristics of high moor, where as no Sphagnum were found in Baby Yong-neup. Thereby, the carnification has been investigated in both Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup. A main cause of damage was associated with the creation of stating rink and increases of visitors. The damages of vegetation in Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup have been intensified by road construction or uses of groundwater while relocating military troops to upper stream of Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup, further causing the damages of water circulation system and soil erosion. These artificial factors have caused the carnification of wetland protection areas including Little Yong-neup. The terrestrial vegetations, such as Plantago asiatica, Geranium Koreanum and Artemisia feddei have increased compared to current survey conducted by the Ministry of Environment. 5 endangered species, such as Lychnis wilfordii and Trientalis europaea and 5 other introduced species, such as Aster pilosus and Taraxacum officinale were found. 10 different species of mammal and 2 species of amphibian were investigated; and in addition to this, a original form of Sphagnum fens, the remaining wetland was found. Therefore, this study is to identify the causes of damages in Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup through their ecological survey and accordingly proposing a direction for ecological restoration through the improvement of water circulation system, creation of habitats for plant and animal, restoration of vegetation through eco-friendly materials and indigeneity, relocation of the current military troops, securing of structural stability.

Review on the Selenuium, an Essential Trace Mineral (기능성 미량원소 Selenium 화합물에 대한 고찰)

  • 이춘기;남중현;김재철;구본철;강문석;박광근
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.48
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2003
  • The trace mineral, selenium (Se), is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. It is also very toxic and can cause Se poisoning (selenosis) in human and animals when its intake exceeds a suitable amount. Se functions within mammalian systems primarily in the form of solenoprotein. About 35 selenoproteins have been identified, though many have not yet been fully elucidated. Selenoproteins contain Se as selenocyseine (Sec) and perform variety of structural and enzymic roles; the enzymic roles are best-known as the antioxidants for hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, and the catalysts for production of activity thyroid hormone. Glutathione peroxidases ($\textrm{GP}_X$) among the selenoproteins prevent the generation of free radicals and decrease the risk of oxidative damage to tissues, as does thioredoxin reductase (TR). TR also provides reducing power for several biochemical processes. Selenoproteins P and W are involved with oxidant defense in plasma and muscle, respectively, A selenoprotein is also required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Some epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Se status and cardiovascular disease, and there is considerable evidence 1mm population com-parison data and animal studies that Se is anticarcinogenic. It is also suggested that Se should be needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appear to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. As research continues, the role of selenium in the etiology of chronic diseases like appropriate medical nutrition therapy can be delivered and its effectiveness assessed. Se status in individuals is affected by diet and the availability of the Se. The Se content of plants is affected by the content and availability of the element in the soil in which they are grown, and so greatly varies from country to country, while the Se composition of meat reflects the feeding patterns of livestock. This paper provides an overview on Se as an essential trace mineral for human.

Redescription of Newly Recorded Ciliate, Euplotes muscorum(Ciliophora: Polyhymenophora: Hypotrichida) and Comparison with Related Species from Korea (한국산 미기록 이끼토양자라하모충(섬모충문: 다막충강: 하모충목)의 재기재와 유사종의 비교)

  • Jong O Jo;Mann Kyoon Shin
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2003
  • The euplotid hypotrich collected from a puddle, Jeju-do in 2002 and cultured in the laboratory was identified as Euplotes muscorum Dragesco, 1970. The species is reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living specimens, protargol impregnation and biometrical analysis. This species is characterized by following diagnosis: 63-78 ${\mu}m$ in length, 40-52 ${\mu}m$ in width in vivo, 9 frontoventral cirri, 5 transverse cirri,4 caudal cirri, 1 micro- and macronucleus, adoral zone of membranelles with 32-36 adoral membranelles covering approximately 2/3 of body length, 8 dorsal kineties, mid-dorsal kinety with 20-24 cilia 3nd dargyrome complex type. This species with 9 frontoventral cirrotype is very similar to E. muscicola Kahl, 1932. The differences between these two species are: E. muscorum has 8 dorsal kineties and complex dargyrome type, while E. muscicola 9 dorsal kineties and multiple dargyrome type.

Analysis of organic Residues from Open-Air Hearths at Nambuk-dong, Yongyu-do (용유도 남북동유적 야외노지에 대한 잔존지방분석)

  • Yun, Eun-Young;Yu, Hei-Sun;Kim, Gyu-Ho
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.20
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2007
  • The archaeological site of Nambuk-dong, Yongyu Island, Incheon which goes back to the Neolithic making it difficult to identify character of site, To get information for identifying utility and character of Open-Air Hearths within the finds, an organic residues analysis was conducted on soil and stone sample, sterol was analysis to determine the originality of archaeological sample, then percentage of fatty acid was identify the species of sample. As a result, it is assumed that No. 9, 10, 12 finds once had shellfish-related materials remain, No. 32 find seemed to have animal materials, No. 42, 43 finds were related to plant. In conclusion, it seems that open-air hearths of Yongyu Island had utility mainly related to making seafood.

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Prospective of Sustainable Agriculture in Korea (친환경 농업기술의 발전방향)

  • 류순호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 1999.06a
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    • pp.137-159
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    • 1999
  • Over the last three decades, Korean farming system has been directed to maximum agricultural production and to increase farmer's income through adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and high input of agrochemicals . These farming practices have resulted in problems of water-quality deterioration, soil degradation , and food safety. At present, over 40 million tones of animal waste are bing produced annually, which amounts to disposing the waste at the annual rate of 20 tones per ha in the total area of farming land in Korea. Nearly a half of total available water resources is used as irrigation water predominantly for rice paddy field. Thus, non-point source contamination of the water resources has been linked to agriculture across the nation. However, the extent to which agriculture contributes to the water quality is not fully known. Recently, Korean government provided various institutional measures to reduce the negative impacts of agricultural practices on the environ ental quality, and the Agricultural Environment Act was also passed by the legislature in 1998 and became effective January 1999. This Act does not cover the broad spectrum of the sustainable agriculture ; thus, the limited incentives within this Act are arguably ineffective to control the non-point source pollution. Recently new bulk blending of fertilizers(BB fertilizer) are bing produced (100, 000 tones in 1998) with Government subsidies. The BB fertilizers are to balance N-P-K ratio in the soils . Although the use of the BB fertilizers are encouraged with Government subsidies, non-point source pollution is still serious and will become worse. Precision farming is regarded as a new means for sustainable agriculture. It is a new technology that modifies the existing techniques and incorporates new one such as GIS, GPS , differential applicator to produce a new set of tools for the farmer to use. Precision farming, however, has constraints for individual farming practices. For exam le , farm size or parcel unit of each farmer is too small to adopt the precision agriculture on farmhouse-hold bases and farmer's ability to adopt the new technology is limited. However, it would be appropriate to establish local or regional cooperatives to operate such a precision farming system. It is recommended that Government provide sufficient incentives to help establish local and/or regional cooperatives.

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Analysis of Beauvericin and Unusual Enniatins Co-Produced by Fusarium oxysporum FB1501 (KFCC 11363P)

  • Song Hyuk-Hwan;Ahn Joong-Hoon;Lim Yoong-Ho;Lee Chan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.1111-1119
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    • 2006
  • Beauvericins and enniatins are cyclohexadepsipeptides exhibiting various biological activities on animal systems, including humans. Fusarium oxysporum FB1501 (KFCC 11363P) that produces four different cyclohexadepsipeptides was isolated from soil in Korea and the structures of the four cyclohexadepsipeptides elucidated by HPLC, MS, IR, and NMR analyses. The molecular weights for compounds 1,2,3, and 4 were determined to be 654.5, 784.5, 668.6, and 682.5, respectively, on the basis of ESI-MS measurements. The IR spectra for all the compounds exhibited absorptions for ester $(1,733-1,743\;cm^{-1})$ and amide $(1,649-1,655\;cm^{-1})$ bonds that were very similar to those for beauvericin and enniatins with ester and amide absorptions. The results of the NMR analysis $(^{1}H,\;^{13}C,\;135-DEPT,\;COSY,\;HMQC,\;and\;HMBC;\;in\;COCl_{3})$ revealed that compounds 1,3, and 4 consisted of $_{L}-N-methyl\;valine$ (N-MeVal), $_{D}-{\alpha}-hydroxyisovaleic\;acid$ (Hiv), and 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid (Hmp) residues (compound 1: three N-MeVal residues, two Hiv residues, and one Hmp residue; compound 3: three N-MeVal residues, one Hiv, and two Hmp residues; compound 4: three N-MeVal residues and three Hmp residues). Therefore, the compounds were identified as enniatin H (compound 1), enniatin I (compound 3), and enniatin MK1688 (compound 4). Compound 2 was analyzed as beauvericin according to 1D and 2D NMR analyses. This study is the first report related to the co-production of beauvericin with other unusual enniatins, such as enniatin H, enniatin I, and enniatin MK1688, by Fusarium oxysporum.

Production of Oleamide, a Functional Lipid, by Streptomyces sp. KK90378

  • Kwon, Jeong-Ho;Hwang, Sung-Eun;Han, Jae-Taek;Kim, Chang-Jin;Rho, Jung-Rae;Shin, Jong-Eon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.1018-1023
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    • 2001
  • Oleamide (cis-9-octadecenamide) is endogenous primary amide of fatty acid that is produced in small amounts in animal brains. It is known to induce sleep and to lower temperature by destroying the lipid plasma membrane structure of cells, thereby disclosing gap junction channels. To develop a new biological production method for oleamide, a screening program was conducted to isolate a microorganism producing oleamide. Among 1,500 soil microorganisms tested, KK90378 exhibited a potent positive reaction with Dragendoff`s reagent, used to detect the primary amide of oleamide. KK90378 was identified as a Streptomyces species based on cultural and morpohological characteristics, the presence of diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, and the sugar patterns for the whole-cell extrat. Streptomyces sp. KK90378 produced oleamide 3 days after culture at $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.2 A series of purification steps, including hexane extraction, silica gel column, and preparative thin layer chromatographies, were performed for the purification of oleamide. A spectrophotometric analysis using $^1H$, $^13C$-NMR, and GC-MS confirmed that the chemical structure of the purified oleamide was identical to that of authentic oleamide.

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Screening and Isolation of Antagonistic Actinomyces #120 against the Kiwi Fruit Rot for the Environment-Friendly Culture of Kiwifruits (참다래의 친환경재배를 위한 과숙썩음병원균에 대한 길항성 방선균 #120의 선발 및 분리)

  • Cho, Jung-Il;Cho, Ja-Yong;Park, Yong-Seo;Son, Dong-Mo;Heo, Buk-Gu;Kim, Chul-Soo
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.252-257
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to clarify the effects of antifungal Streptomyces sp. isolated from the soil grown kiwifruit on the growth inhibition of fruit rot (Botryosphaeria dothidea) infected in kiwi fruit plants in the southwestern districts of Jeonnam. Two hundred and fifty microorganisms were isolated and examined into the antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea. We screened and isolated six bacterial strains which have a strong inhibition against Botryosphaeria dothidea. And the best antifungal strain designated as the strain #120 showing 96.0% antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea was finally selected. The strain #120 was identified as Streptomyces sp. #120 based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics.