• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.139-139
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• 2020

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)에 따르면 지난 1세기 반 동안 전 세계 평균 기온은 약 1℃가 상승하였으며, 온실가스 축적에 따라 평균기온은 21세기 중반에서 21세기 말까지 1~3℃가 증가할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이러한 기온의 상승으로 인한 하천의 수온 변화는 수중에서 온도에 민감한 생화학적 반응의 변화를 유발하여 수질 및 수생태 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 효과적인 수질 및 수생태 관리를 위해서는 기온과 수온 사이의 명확한 관계 정립을 통해 수질변화를 정확하게 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내·외로 널리 활용되고 있는 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) 모형을 통해 기온-수온 회귀식이 하천 수질변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 그러나 기존 SWAT 모형에서의 기온-수온 회귀식은 미국 유역의 환경 특성을 바탕으로 도출되었기 때문에 국내 유역에 적용하기에 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 국내 유역에서의 실측 기온자료와 수온자료를 사용하여 SWAT 모형 내 기온-수온 회귀식을 재도출하고 적용성을 평가하는 것이다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2011

In this study, the accurate water quality analysis in rivers, including the non-point source is performed. First of all, watershed model, SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied to analyze the impact of the non-point source in study area. And then, water quality analysis integrating the point source and the non-point source is implemented using QUALKO model. For more exact simulation, it should be the calibration and verification of variables and parameters which are needed for simulation. In addition, the importance of considering the non-point source was confirmed in river water quality simulation. BOD, TN, TP were analysed, and the results shows that BOD, TN and TP concentration was increased to 16.8%, 8.2% and 25.8% respectively. The more accurate estimate will be carried if use of reliable measurements and watershed simulation be done in models linking process. The suggested technique will improve the accuracy of the water quality analysis. The methodologies presented in this study will contribute to basin-wide water quantity and quality management.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.591-597
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• 2013

For Kangjeong stream and Akgeun stream in the central part of the southern Jeju Island, on-site discharge estimation was carried out for approximately 10 months (July 2011-April 2012) twice a month on a regular basis by using ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and long term rate of discharge was calculated by using SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model. The discharge was $0.28-1.30m^3/sec$ for Kangjeong stream and $0.10-1.54m^3/sec$ for Akgeun stream. It showed the maximum in the summer and the minimum in the winter. As a result of parameter sensitivity analysis of SWAT model, CN (NRCS runoff curve number for moisture condition II), SOL_AWC (available water capacity of the soil layer), and ESCO (soil evaporation compensation factor) showed sensitive responses. By using the result, the model was corrected and the rate of discharge was calculated. As a result, the annual discharge rate was 27.12-31.86(%) at the Akgeun basin and 23.55-28.43(%) at the Kangjeong basin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.516-516
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• 2015

본 연구는 한강유역($2,6018km^2$)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용에 의한 물수지 분석을 수행하고, 수량측면의 유역 건전성을 평가하였다. 유역의 물수지 분석을 위해 한강유역을 표준유역 단위로 구분하고, 기상자료, 하천유량, 다목적댐(소양강댐, 충주댐, 횡성댐) 운영자료, 다기능보(강천보, 여주보, 이포보) 운영자료, 증발산량, 토양수분 자료를 수집하였다. SWAT 모형의 신뢰성 있는 유출량 보정을 위해 한강유역 내 위치하는 다목적댐 및 다기능보의 실측 방류량을 이용하여 댐 운영모의를 고려하였고, 실측 지하수위, 증발산, 토양수분 자료를 이용하여 모형의 보정(2005~2009)과 검증(2010~2014)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 토양수분으로부터 증발산이 발생하고 유출 및 지하수까지 영향을 미치는 물수지 현상을 잘 재현하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이후 유역의 수량측면의 건전성 평가를 위한 수문요소로 하천 유출량, 증발산량, 침투, 침루, 기저유출, 토양수분, 지하수 함양량 등을 도출하고 유역의 물순환을 해석하여 유역의 건전성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

This study describes the estimation of upstream ungauged watershed streamflow using downstream discharge data. For downstream Dongchon (DC) and upstream Kumho (KH) water level stations in Kumho river basin ($2,087.9km^2$), three methods of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling, drainage-area ratio method and regional regression equation were evaluated. The SWAT was calibrated at DC with the determination coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.70 and validated at KH with $R^2$ of 0.60. The drainage-area ratio method showed $R^2$ of 0.93. For the regional regression, the watershed area, average slope, and stream length were used as variables. Using the derived equation at DC, the KH could estimate the flow with maximum 41.2 % error for the observed streamflow.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2021

Climate change brought on by global warming increased the frequency of flood and drought on the Korean Peninsula, along with the casualties and physical damage resulting therefrom. Preparation and response to these water disasters requires national-level planning for water resource management. In addition, watershed-level management of water resources requires flow duration curves (FDC) derived from continuous data based on long-term observations. Traditionally, in water resource studies, physical rainfall-runoff models are widely used to generate duration curves. However, a number of recent studies explored the use of data-based deep learning techniques for runoff prediction. Physical models produce hydraulically and hydrologically reliable results. However, these models require a high level of understanding and may also take longer to operate. On the other hand, data-based deep-learning techniques offer the benefit if less input data requirement and shorter operation time. However, the relationship between input and output data is processed in a black box, making it impossible to consider hydraulic and hydrological characteristics. This study chose one from each category. For the physical model, this study calculated long-term data without missing data using parameter calibration of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physical model tested for its applicability in Korea and other countries. The data was used as training data for the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) data-based deep learning technique. An anlysis of the time-series data fond that, during the calibration period (2017-18), the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the determinanation coefficient for fit comparison were high at 0.04 and 0.03, respectively, indicating that the SWAT results are superior to the LSTM results. In addition, the annual time-series data from the models were sorted in the descending order, and the resulting flow duration curves were compared with the duration curves based on the observed flow, and the NSE for the SWAT and the LSTM models were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively, and the determination coefficients were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. The findings indicate that both models yield good performance. Even though the LSTM requires improved simulation accuracy in the low flow sections, the LSTM appears to be widely applicable to calculating flow duration curves for large basins that require longer time for model development and operation due to vast data input, and non-measured basins with insufficient input data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2B
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• pp.187-197
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• 2008

This study is to assess the impact of future land use change on hydrology and water quality in Gyungan-cheon watershed ($255.44km^2$) using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Using the 5 past Landsat TM (1987, 1991, 1996, 2004) and $ETM^+$ (2001) satellite images, time series of land use map were prepared, and the future land uses (2030, 2060, 2090) were predicted using CA-Markov technique. The 4 years streamflow and water quality data (SS, T-N, T-P) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model), stream network, and soil information (1:25,000) were prepared. The model was calibrated for 2 years (1999 and 2000), and verified for 2 years (2001 and 2002) with averaged Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency of 0.59 for streamflow and determination coefficient of 0.88, 0.72, 0.68 for Sediment, T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorous) respectively. The 2030, 2060 and 2090 future prediction based on 2004 values showed that the total runoff increased 1.4%, 2.0% and 2.7% for 0.6, 0.8 and 1.1 increase of watershed averaged CN value. For the future Sediment, T-N and T-P based on 2004 values, 51.4%, 5.0% and 11.7% increase in 2030, 70.5%, 8.5% and 16.7% increase in 2060, and 74.9%, 10.9% and 19.9% increase in 2090.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2020

The main objective of this study was to setup model and evaluate the model performance for streamflow simulation in Burundi using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The total area of Burundi is 27,834 ㎢. The elevation of Burundi ranges from 780 m to 2,700m. The West and East are low lands, while the Central part is high land. The topographic data (30 meters Digital Elevation Model) and land use and land cover data of Burundi were obtained respectively from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD). The soil data used was obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The local weather data and discharge data were provided by Burundi Hydro meteorological Service (IGEBU). Mean Areal Precipitation (MAP) and Mean Areal Temperature (MAT) were estimated. The streamflow simulation was done for the period 1980-2017. The calibration and validation of river discharge was performed at a daily time step from 2005 through 2011 as the calibration period and 2012 up to 2017 as the validation period. The findings show that streamflow decreases during Jun to September and increases during March to May and October to December.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 도시화가 진행중인 경안천($561.1km^2$)유역과 안성천($909.1km^2$) 유역을 대상으로 토지이용 변화를 분석하고 그에 따른 유출특성을 파악하는데 있다. 경안천과 안성천 유역의 과거(1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000)의 토지이용 분석결과 도시지역 면적이 각각 6.9%와 8.3%씩 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 미래토지이용 예측을 위하여 CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use Change and its Effects)모델을 이용하였다. 과거 토지이용 변화 특성을 분석하여 토지피복의 변화와 전이 특성값을 결정하였고, 이를 바탕으로 토지면적 시나리오, 변화 제한지역, 회귀식 결과와 토지이용 변화 특성 값을 CLUE-S 모델에 입력하여 미래의 토지이용변화를 모의하였다. 예측된 토지이용 정보를 가지고 2040s (2020-2059)와 2080s (2060-2099)의 기간으로 나누어 수문모의가 가능한 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형에 적용 및 그에 따른 유출특성을 파악하였다. SWAT 모형의 적용성 평가를 위하여 안성천과 경안천 유역을 대상으로 1998~2005의 기간 동안 일별 유출, 자료에 대한 보정 및 검증을 실시하였다. 미래의 토지이용 변화에 따른 유역의 유출특성의 영향은 도시의 비율이 큰 유역에서 더 많이 나타날 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.151-151
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• 2016

하천 유역의 수자원관리에 있어서 홍수 및 가뭄 기간에 유출의 규모와 빈도와 같은 유출특성을 신뢰할 수 있도록 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 수문모형은 이러한 유역의 신뢰성 있는 유출량 예측을 위해 이용되며, 수문모형의 결과물은 수문순환 과정의 공간적 표출이나 매개변수 추정방법 등 다양한 요인에 매우 민감하게 반영된다. 대부분의 수문모형 매개변수들은 해당 유역의 특성이나, 홍수 및 가뭄과 같은 극단적 유출상황에 따라 설정되어 있지 못한 실정이며, 이는 모형의 신뢰성 있는 보정 및 유출량 모의를 보다 정밀하게 수행하지 못하는 원인으로 작용하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 유역의 하천 유출량을 모의함에 있어서 홍수 및 가뭄년, 평년의 유출특성이 모형의 매개변수 추정에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 안성천 유역($1,658.7km^2$)을 대상으로 유역 내 3지점의 기상관측소(이천, 수원, 천안)를 대상으로 40년(1976~2015)동안의 일 기상자료를 수집하여 SWAT 모형을 구축하였다. 홍수년 및 가뭄년, 평년을 포함하는 선별된 기간에 대하여 다양한 목적함수($R^2$, NSE, RMSE, PBIAS)를 활용하여 각각의 조합된 기간의 극단적 유출특성에 초점을 맞추어 검보정을 수행하였다. 이후 홍수년 및 가뭄년, 평년을 포함하는 선별된 기간에서의 유출량의 규모와 빈도에 영향을 미치는 매개변수를 도출하고 민감도를 평가하였다.