• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

This study was performed to find the problems according to interference factors (organic matter, pH, Cr, Mn, Fe, clay, and etc.) when we analyzed the hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in soils using UV/VIS spectrometer (US EPA 7196A), attempted to evaluate the domestic applicability of analytical method (US EPA 7199) using IC-UV/VIS spectrometer as alternative method. The recovery rate of certified reference materials was 75.0% (US EPA 7196A) and 101.4% (US EPA 7199) by the analytical methods. As the results of performing QA/QC about US EPA 7199, method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.062 mg/kg, 0.196 mg/kg, respectively. The LOQ of US EPA 7199 was lower than that of the current soil official testing method in Korea (0.5 mg/kg). Cr(VI) contents in 23 soil samples were compared by the analytical methods of EPA 7196A and 7199. Cr(VI) was detected in 13 of 23 soil samples by EPA 7196A, while EPA 7199 was not detected in any soil samples. The Cr(VI) content in 23 soil samples by EPA 7196A was not clearly correlated with Cr, Fe, Mn and clay content in the soil samples. However, the contents of Cr(VI) and organic matter of the soil samples had the highest coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.80. In order to evaluate the correlation between the recovery rates of Cr(VI) and organic matter contents in the soil samples, the recovery rates of 5 soil samples added Cr(VI) standard solution were analyzed by the analytical methods. According to the results, the higher the organic matter contents in soil samples, the lower the recovery rates of Cr(VI) by US EPA 7196, while in case of US EPA 7199, the recovery rates were stable regardless of the organic matter contents.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2003

Benzophenone (BZP) and 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) listed as endocrine disrupting chemicals are suspected to contaminate ground water sites and soil. Analytical method for simultaneous determination of the two chemicals in soil and ground water was developed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Water (100 ml) was extracted with hexane, and soil (10 g) was extracted with methanol and hexane. Recovery in water was >72% for BZP and 90-118% for 4-NT. Recovery for 4-NT and BZP in soil was 51-59% with coefficient variation of less than 19.5%. Calibration curves showed a good linearity with $r^2=0.997$. In water and soil collected at nation-wide sites, BZP was found at 5 sites among 43 water sites at the concentration of $14.87{\pm}3.83ng/100 ml$. No 4-NT was found. It is suggested that this method is appropriate to the simultaneous quantitation of 4-NT and BZP in ground water and soil samples.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1987

지진하중(地震荷重)에 대한 구조물(構造物)의 동적(動的) 거동(擧動)은 지반(地盤)의 특성(特性)에 따라 현저한 차이(差異)를 나타내게 되는데 이러한 현상(現象)을 동적(動的) 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)이라고 한다. 지반(地盤)-구조물(構造物) 상호작용(相互作用)의 해석방법(解析方法)은 크게 직접법(直接法)과 부분구조법(部分構造法)으로 구분되며, 이 중 부분구조법(部分構造法)은 직접법(直接法)에 비하여 해석방법(解析方法)은 간편하지만 매입구조물(埋入構造物)이나 층상지반상(層狀地盤上) 구조물(構造物)에 대한 해석 시 많은 제약(制約)을 받게 된다. 본 논문(論文)에서는 원친적으로 반무한탄성체지반상(半無限彈性體地盤上) 구조물(構造物)에만 효과적으로 적용(適用)할 수 있는 부분구조법(部分構造法)을 적절히 응용(應用)하여 매입구조물(埋入構造物) 혹은 층상지반상(層狀地盤上) 구조물(構造物)에도 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제시(提示)하였으며, 직접법(直接法)에 의한 해석프로그램인 FLUSH의 해석결과와 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하여 그 타당성(妥當性)을 입증(立證)하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.743-755
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• 2015

It is well known that the quality of sample significantly determines the accuracy of soil parameters for laboratory testing. Although sampling disturbance has been studied over the last few decades, the theoretical investigation of soil disturbance due to sampling penetration has been rarely reported. In this paper, an analytical solution for estimating the soil disturbance due to sampling penetration was presented using cavity expansion method. Analytical results in several cases reveal that the soil at different location along the sample centerline experiences distinct phases of strain during the process of sampling penetration. The magnitude of induced strain is dependent on the position of the soil element within the sampler and the sampler geometry expressed as diameter-thickness ratio D/t and length-diameter ratio L/D. Effects of sampler features on soil disturbance were also studied. It is found that the induced maximum strain decreases exponentially with increasing diameter-thickness ratio, indicating that the sampling disturbance will reduce with increasing diameter or decreasing wall thickness of sampler. It is also found that a large length-diameter ratio does not necessarily reduce the disturbance. An optimal length-diameter ratio is suggested for the further design of improved sampler in this study.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.107-112
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• 1999

This paper presents a time domain method for soil-structure interaction analysis for seismic loadings. It is based on the finite element formulation incorporating analytical frequency-dependent infinite elements for the far-field soil. The dynamic stiffness matrices of the far-field region formulated in frequency domain using the present method can be easily transformed into the corresponding matrices in time domain. Hence the response can be analytical computed in time domain. Example analysis has been carried out to verify the present method for an embedded block in a multi-layered half-space. The present methods can be easily extended to the nonlinear analysis since the response analysis is carried out in time domain.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2007

토양 중 PCBs 분석방법을 검토하기 위해 우리나라 토양오염공정시험방법 및 선진국의 분석방법을 비교 검토하고 결과를 근거로, 추출 및 전처리방법, 칼럼정제방법, 분석용 칼럼 조건, 기기분석 조건 및 정량방법을 검토하였다. 또한 검토된 방법에 따라 토양 중 PCBs 세부분석지침(안)을 제시하고, 제시된 세부분석지침(안)에 의해 PCBs 제품으로 오염시킨 토양 5건 시료와 토지이용도별 및 오염원별 23건의 시료를 전처리하여 분석하였다. 기체크로마토그래피/전자포획검출법(GC/ECD)에 의한 토지이용도별 및 오염원별 PCBs 분석결과는 모든 시료에서 피크패턴(GC/ECD)을 확인 할 수 없었으나, 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석법(GC/MS)에 의한 개별이성체 정량결과는 $0.002{\sim}0.487{\mu}g/kg$ 범위로 검출되었다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.79-98
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 nailed-soil 굴착벽체의 거동특성 분석결과를 토대로, 벽체의 움직임 정도에 따라 네일-주변홀 사이에서 발휘되는 전단강도 예측을 위한 해석적 모델링이 이루어졌다. 또한 제시된 발휘전단강도 예측모델을 토대로, nailed-soil굴착벽체의 전체적인 안정성 평가를 위한 한계평형해석법이 Morgenstern-Price 절편법을 응용하여 제시되었다. 본 연구 제시 모델 및 해석법은, 굴착단계별로 또한 최종굴착시공 완료직후 및 장기적인 측면에서, nailed -soil굴착벽체의 거동예측이 가능하며 이에 대한 적합성 검토를 위해, 지반조건 등이 서로 다른 3개의 nailed-soil 실험벽체에 대해 제시된 설치네 일의 발휘인장력 측정결과 및 전체안정성 평가결과 등을 본 연구의 예측치와 비교.분석하였다. 본 연구 해석법에는 지반내부에 존재할 수 있는 침투수압의 영향이 포함되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.717-733
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• 2003

A time domain method is presented for soil-structure interaction analysis under seismic excitations. It is based on the finite element formulation incorporating infinite elements for the far field soil region. Equivalent earthquake input forces are calculated based on the free field responses along the interface between the near and far field soil regions utilizing the fixed exterior boundary method in the frequency domain. Then, the input forces are transformed into the time domain by using inverse Fourier transform. The dynamic stiffness matrices of the far field soil region formulated using the analytical frequency-dependent infinite elements in the frequency domain can be easily transformed into the corresponding matrices in the time domain. Hence, the response can be analytically computed in the time domain. A recursive procedure is proposed to compute the interaction forces along the interface and the responses of the soil-structure system in the time domain. Earthquake response analyses have been carried out on a multi-layered half-space and a tunnel embedded in a layered half-space with the assumption of the linearity of the near and far field soil region, and results are compared with those obtained by the conventional method in the frequency domain.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2008

본 연구를 통해서 율러리안-라그랑지안 방법(ELM)의 본질적인 문제점인 입자추적오차에 의해 발생되는 질량오차를 최소화하기 위해서, 새로운 통합 입자 추적 방법이 개발되었다. 새로운 통합입자 추적 방법은 시간 간격 내에서 시공간의 속도변화를 동시에 고려한 수치 해석적 방법, 준해석적 방법, 그리고 해석적 방법을 결합시킨 것이다. 수치 해석적 방법, 준해석적 방법, 그리고 해석적 방법의 수학적 유도를 자세히 나타내었고, 네 가지 예제를 만들어서 개발된 통합입자추적방법을 해석해 및 4차 룬지쿠타 방법과의 비교를 통해서 검증하였을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 입자추적방법인 Lu의 방법과 비교를 통해서 우수성을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

Laboratory analytical results of 22 sets of hydrophobic adsorbent coils containing surface soil-vapor and two soil samples collected by conventional intrusive method from each boring location at two active dry cleaning facilities in the State of Illinois, U.S.A, were presented to evaluate the performance of soil-vapor survey. The most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of soil-vapor survey is the distance from the soil-vapor sampling device to the actual contamination, which is a function of soil porosity, permeability, primary lithology, and other geological and hydrogeological site-specific parameters. Also this factor can be affected by the history of contaminant-generating operations. The laboratory analytical results in this study showed longer dry cleaning operation history (i.e., 50 years) and presence of fine sand at the beneath Site B allow the contaminants to migrate farther and deeper over a fixed time compared to Site A(i.e., 35 years and silty clay) so that the soil-vapor survey is not likely the most effective environmental site investigation method alone for Site B. However, for Site A, the soil-vapor survey successfully screened the site to identify the location reporting the highest soil concentration of chlorinated solvents.