• 제목/요약/키워드: Soil Water

검색결과 8,175건 처리시간 0.029초

Mechanical properties of stabilized saline soil as road embankment filling material

  • Li Wei;Shouxi Chai;Pei Wang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.499-510
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    • 2024
  • In northern China, abundant summer rainfall and a higher water table can weaken the soil due to salt heave, collapsibility, and increased moisture absorption, thus the chlorine saline soil (silty clay) needs to be stabilized prior to use in road embankments. To optimize chlorine saline soil stabilizing programs, unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on soil treated with five different stabilizers before and after soaking, followed by field compaction test and unconfined compressive strength test on a trial road embankment. In situ testing were performed with the stabilized soils in an expressway embankment, and the results demonstrated that the stabilized soil with lime and SH agent (an organic stabilizer composed of modified polyvinyl alcohol and water) is suitable for road embankments. The appropriate addition ratio of stabilized soil is 10% lime and 0.9% SH agent. SH agent wrapped soil particles, filled soil pores, and generated a silk-like web to improve the moisture stability, strength, and stress-strain performance of stabilized soil.

현장규모의 유류오염 토양세척 및 무방류 세척 유출수 처리 공정 (Full-scale Soil Washing and Non-discharged Washing Water Treatment Process of Soil Contaminated With Petroleum Hydrocarbon)

  • 서용식;최상일;김종민;김보경;김성규;박상헌;주원하
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2009
  • 현장규모의 유류오염 토양세척에 따른 세척 유출수를 처리하기 위해 다단계 물리화학적 무방류 수처리시스템을 이용하였다. 오염토양세척 후 세척토양과 세척수 처리효율을 평가하기 위해 단위공정별 잔류하는 TPH(세척토양), COD$_{Mn}$, SS, n-hexane을 분석하였다. 세척 유출수 시료채취지점은 침사지,응집 침전조 그리고 유수분리조의 유출수,공정수,저장조 유입수로 4곳의 시료채취 지점에서 총 3회에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 또한 약8개월간의 토양세척 및 공정수 저장조의COD$_{Mn}$, SS, 그리고 n-hexane을 분석하였다. 그결과, 오염토양의 농도조건과 상관없이 오염토양의 세척효율이 평균95.9%로 높았고, 수처리 공정 최종 방류구인 공정수 저장수의 COD$_{Mn}$, SS, 그리고 n-hexane가 수질환경보전법상 청정지역 방류수질기준 미민으로 검출되었다. 현장규모의 토양 세척수 처리시스템은 세척수를 100%세척공정수로 재이용하여 환경친화적이고 경제적인 토양세척 처리공법이 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

포장에서 물리적 진행과정에 의해 영향을 받은 물질과 수분의 이동성 (Mobility of Water and Solute Intluenced by PHYSICAL PROCESSES in field Soils)

  • Doug Young Chung
    • 한국토양환경학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 1996
  • 실험실 내에서 부피비로 약 50%내외의 수분함량을 가진 3개의 서로 다른 깊이의 토양에서 염소와 중수의 확산계수는 4.8$\times$ $10${-7}$ 부터 7.2$\times$ $10${-7}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$/sec와 5.5 $\times$ $10${-5}$ 부터 1.6$\times$ $10${-4}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$//sec였다. 한편, 물과 물질의 이동성에 대한 연구는 중간사로 구성된 토양층 위에 위치하는 점토로부터 미사질 양토에 속하는 약 70cm깊이의 토양에서 실시되었고, 87일간의 실험기간동안 리터당 15.2$m\ell$의 염소와 0.6bq의 중수로 처리된 물을 일정한 유량(2cm/일)으로 관개하였다. 토양의 깊이와 시간에 따른 염소와 중수의 변동위치는 suction probe에 채취된 토양수를 가지고 측정하였는데 실험지 안에서 서로 다른 깊이 또는 동일 위치에서 염소와 중수가 발견되었다. 이러한 실험의 결과로부터 추정컨대 토양수의 유속과 표면확산 계수가 염소와 중수의 분포에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤고 24개의 suction probe에서의 결과는 실질적 물질과 토양의 상호작용의 효과를 나타내는 순수치의 25% 내외에서 평가치를 추정할 수 있었다.

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Sediment Erosion and Transport Experiments in Laboratory using Artificial Rainfall Simulator

  • Regmi, Ram Krishna;Jung, Kwansue;Nakagawa, Hajime;Kang, Jaewon;Lee, Giha
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.13-27
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    • 2014
  • Catchments soil erosion, one of the most serious problems in the mountainous environment of the world, consists of a complex phenomenon involving the detachment of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport, storage and overland flow of rainfall, and infiltration. Sediment size distribution during erosion processes appear to depend on many factors such as rainfall characteristics, vegetation cover, hydraulic flow, soil properties and slope. This study involved laboratory flume experiments carried out under simulated rainfall in a 3.0 m long ${\times}$ 0.8 m wide ${\times}$ 0.7 m deep flume, set at $17^{\circ}$ slope. Five experimental cases, consisting of twelve experiments using three different sediments with two different rainfall conditions, are reported. The experiments consisted of detailed observations of particle size distribution of the out-flow sediment. Sediment water mixture out-flow hydrograph and sediment mass out-flow rate over time, moisture profiles at different points within the soil domain, and seepage outflow were also reported. Moisture profiles, seepage outflow, and movement of overland flow were clearly found to be controlled by water retention function and hydraulic function of the soil. The difference of grain size distribution of original soil bed and the out-flow sediment was found to be insignificant in the cases of uniform sediment used experiments. However, in the cases of non-uniform sediment used experiments the outflow sediment was found to be coarser than the original soil domain. The results indicated that the sediment transport mechanism is the combination of particle segregation, suspension/saltation and rolling along the travel distance.

Van Genuchten 모델을 활용한 간척지의 토양수분변화 분석 (Analysis of Soil Moisture Changes in Reclaimed Tideland Using Van Genuchten Model)

  • 고대희;손재권;이기성;김정균;송재도;박영준
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제62권4호
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2020
  • The laboratory model test was conducted by dividing domestic reclaimed tideland into Sandy Loam (SL) and Silt Clay Loam (SiCL) to estimate soil moisture change and water supply according to soil characteristic when establishing irrigation plan for reclaimed tideland upland crop. In addition, the applicability of each scenario was verified using Van Genuchten model, which is the most widely used mathematical model for analyzing soil moisture characteristics of reclaimed tideland uplands crops. The required water supply according to the target soil moisture tension by reclaimed tideland is as follow. In the case of SL, soil depths of 0~10 cm, 10~20 cm were analyzed as 19 mm, 35 mm to reach the field capacity, and SiCL, 33 mm, 63 mm. The required water supply of SiCL was higher than that of SL. The study compared the simulation results from the scenarios of Van Genuchen model and the measured results from the laboratory model test based on according to the reclaimed tidelands. In the case of parameter, θs, θr, α, η were analyzed 0.55, 0.18, 0.064, 1.74 in SL and 0.46, 0.22, 0.105, 1.92 in SiCL. In terms of soil characteristics, SL with better water permeability was found to have higher applicability than SiCL. By Soil depth, applicability was found in 0~10 cm directly affected by water supply.

토양 중 cis 및 trans-Permethrin의 흡착 및 침출 (Adsorption and Leaching of cis and frans-Permethrin in the Soil)

  • ;김정호
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.379-386
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    • 1995
  • 합성 Pyrethroid계 pennethrin[3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyI)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]은 直接接觸 殺蟲劑로서, 哺乳動物에는 매우 底毒性이므 로 使用훌이 增加되고 있다. 따라서 土훌中 pennethrin의 動態를 豫願할 必要가 있다. Permethrin을 GC-ECD로 分析하였으며, cis-pennethrin은 32.5%였고 trans-pennethrin은 67.4%였다. Commerce silty clay loam 土壤에서 Koc값은 CIS 및 trans-pennethrin이 각각 938 및 877였다. 土壤 컬럼$(5.4 cm i.d. \times 26 cm length)$을 利用한 溶脫實廣올 하였다. 3배의 pore 부피에 해당하는 물로 cis-pennethrin올 浸出할 경우, 處理된 土壞層에 74.00%였고 6.10%만 아래충으로 移動되었으며,0.07%의 澈훌만 漫出水로 浸出되었다. Pennethrin은 土황에 강하게 吸훌되기 때문에, 土壤 column에서의 漫出量도 매우 적었다. 따라서 自然系에서의 漫出(Leaching) 및 유거(Runoff)농도는 매우 낮을 것으로 據測된다.

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재배 조건에 따른 고추의 생장과 토양 수분소비의 변화 (Changes of Soil Water Balance and Growth of Red Pepper as Affected by Growing Conditions in the Plastic House)

  • 태근식;엄정식;황재문
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2003
  • 플라스틱 하우스 내에서 토성과 재배조건을 달리하여 라이시메터를 이용한 용적법으로 고추의 증발산량을 구하고자 하였다. 멀칭과 사질 또는 점질양토는 무멀칭과 모래에 비하여 고추의 증산량이 높았으며, 고추의 생장과 수량을 증가시켰다. 그히고 총 관수량의 약53%∼72%가 고추의 증산에 소모되었고, 증발산량의 약 91%∼94%가 증산에 이용되었으며 증발량은 시기에 따라 크게 변하지 않았으나 생장 초기에 증산량보다 높은 편이었다. 고추의 전 생장기간 동안 증발산량은 기상조건과 생장량에 따라 다르지만, 점질양토에서 337.7∼774.3 mm, 사질양토에서 910.6 mm, 모래에서 253.1 m의 증산량을 보였다.

폐타이어 파우더 혼합토의 동상 특성 (Frost-Heaving Characteristics of Soil Mixed with Discarded Tire Powder)

  • 김학삼;서상열;중촌대;복전정기;산하총;영목휘지
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 2010
  • 폐타이어 파우더 혼합에 따른 동상억제 메커니즘을 규명하기 위해, 부동수, 열전도율, 동상실험 등 3종류의 실내실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 폐타이어 혼합에 따른 투수계수 변화에 주목하여 먼저 마동결토의 불포화 투수계수를 계산하였고 ice-impeding factor, 혼합토내 토립자와 폐타이어 단면적을 고려하여 동결토frozen fringe내의 온도변화에 따른 투수계수 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 흡수속도와 투수계수 사이에는 비례관계가 존재함을 확인하였고, 동상성 저하의 주된 원인은 폐타이어 파우더 혼합에 따른 부동수분량과 투수계수의 감소임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 폐타이어 파우더 혼합토 구성성분의 체적비를 이용하여 흙과 폐타이어 간극내의 수분량을 정량적으로 산출하였다.

Water Saving Irrigation Standard of Tomato in Greenhouse

  • Eom, Ki-Cheol;Lee, Byung-Kook;Koh, Mun-Hwan;Eom, Ho-Yong;Sonn, Yeun-Kyu
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.313-321
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    • 2013
  • The Average daily PET (Potential evapotranspiration), evaluated based on the last 30 years meteorological data and the lysimeter experiment carried out by RDA during 11 years, of 9 regions in Korea for the tomato cultivated in greenhouse, was $3.41mm\;day^{-1}$. Two kinds of water saving irrigation standard (WSIS), deficit irrigation standard (DIS) and partial root-zone drying irrigation standard (PRDIS) that include the irrigation interval and the amount of irrigation water according to the region, soil texture and growing stage, were established. According to the DIS and PRDIS, the cultivator can save water up to 29.2% and 53.7%, respectively, for tomato cultivation in greenhouse compared to the full irrigation standard (FIS) which established in 1999. WSIS can be used easily by the cultivator without complicate procedures such as soil sampling and measurement of soil water status by expensive sensors. But the cultivator should care about irrigation method such as PRDI (partial root-zone drying irrigation) without yield decrease.

난지형 마늘의 농업수리학적 재배적지 분류 (Water Balance-based Farmland Suitability for Southern-type Garlic Cultivation)

  • 김용완;홍석영;김이현;장민원
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제54권6호
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2012
  • This study carried out farmland suitability analysis for southern-type garlic cultivation considering soil and temperature as well as water deficit conditions. The spatial extent was limited within the area derived by Kim et al. (2012) using just soil and temperature constraints. Daily soil moisture was simulated using a one-layer soil water balance model at a $100{\times}100m$ grid unit, and then annual water deficit was calculated from 2000 to 2010. The farmland suitability was classified as four steps: best suitable, suitable, possible, and low productive. As a result, total area of best suitable or suitable farmland was about 375,900 ha, and Gimje-si and Haenam-gun were appeared as the largest favorable area for southern-type garlic cultivation. The best suitable or suitable area at Haenam-gun, Goheung-gun, Shinan-gun, Namhae-gun, and Muan-gun, major production regions of southern-type garlic, were extracted as 20,187 ha, 13,018 ha, 4,715 ha, 1,319 ha, and 349 ha, respectively. On the other hand, the result showed that the adoption of sprinkler irrigation systems might be critical in cultivating the southern-type garlic at some regions having poor water balance.