• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

The soil samples were measured at 90 sites of Soil's Network In 1997~1998 which was established for the investigation of soil contamination in Seoul. This study was more focused to measure and analyze for BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) concentration in the Soil Network. Also, the samples were analyzed by Purge & Trap method. As a result, the BTEX were detected at all sampling sites in Seoul. The Min. Max and Mean BTEX concentration were respectively 0.047mg/kg, 2.618mg/kg and 0.437mg/kg in 1998. The concentration of the BTEX detected at all sampling sites was lower than that of the intervention standards(at industrial areas) of Soil Preservation Act.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.221-224
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• 1998

Environmental pollution is continuously increasing with the economic growth and industrial development. With this trend, soil and groundwater pollution problem has been surfaced as important social issues. Recently, Korean government promulgated the Soil Environment Conservation Act. But there are many problems to control sound soil quality management. Anthropogenic source of pollution such as waste landfill, pesticides, fertilizer, underground storage oil tanks is important as well as natural source such as acid rain and forest fire. The regulation should be expanded to include groundwater preservation as well as soil quality, because soil pollution is closely related to groundwater pollution. Therefore, legal regulations must be expanded to these facilities and take into account technical feasibility and finance.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2004

The role of the financial institution to promote corporate sustainability may be reviewed in two angles, as a commercial lender and an investor. As a commercial lender, financial institutions should minimize the legal risks and the political risks. Financial institutions began to recognize environmental risks as legal risks that directly affect their lending practices since the legislation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act("Superfund") of the U.S.A. The so-called lender liability rule has a detailed guideline where the financial institutions may be exempted from the Superfund Liability. Similar attempts are noticed in the recent EU White Paper on Environmental Liability. In Korea, comprehensive environmental liability laws are yet to be developed. The Soil Environment Preservation Act now includes a far-reaching environmental liability provisions, where the owners and operators as well as receivers of the facility bear responsibility. However, whether the financial institutions may be captured as a potential responsible party is not very clear. Until the relevant legislation is developed and court decisions accumulate, Korean financial institutions are well advised to raise awareness on this issue, to develop environmental policies and to train personnels.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2001

An illegal landfill In Korea was evaluated in a view of environmental quality to figure out reusing the area. The sampling spots were selected at a point in the landfill and three points in it's around area(two points in a paddy soils and one in a farm field). The eleven pollutants regulated in the Korean Soil Environmental Preservation Act (KSEPA) were analysed from the soil sample with the method of the KSEPA. As the results of the analysis the level of concentration with most samples indicated the requirement of the KSEPA. The concentration of soil samples met the standard: however, some pollutants in the ground water and leachate showed higher concentration than that of the requirement. Therefore, we must consider the treatments of the pollutants in the ground water and leachate when designing this landfill area for reusing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2014

Korea's agricultural land is constantly being reduced. The reasons for this are due to the change of agricultural profitability and the policy conditions. The reduction of agricultural land in 2010 showed a decline trend by 14.4 % of paddy fields and 1.2% of uplands compared to areas from 2000. These reductions were mainly due to switch rice paddy fields into upland or greenhouse facility cultivation because of low profitability of rice products compared to farm products. In addition, the permit system of agricultural areas was relaxed in switching paddy fields and this accelerated the reduction of agricultural land. For this reason, more than 1% of agricultural land area has been reduced every year for last five years. Moreover, indiscreet fill and cover materials such as construction wastes were used in agricultural lands and caused land contamination which threatened foundation as sustainable agricultural lands. For these reasons, it is a desperate situation to conserve good agricultural lands. However, the standards of transported soils, filling soils and cutting soils in the Agricultural Land Act are qualitative and have a problem of causing complaints. Therefore, the following criteria (proposals) are proposed in the Agricultural Land Act; (1) Use the proper soils for crops (criterion), (2) Soil components and amounts should be proper as transported soils (range), and (3) Prohibiting usage of improper earth rocks or recycled aggregates in case of filling soils (kinds). The presented criteria (proposals) suggest following; (1) Use physio-chemically proper soils for crops (criterion), (2) In case of transported soils, i, exclude potential acid sulphate soils, ii, gravel content sould be less than 15%, and iii, Heavy metals and other contaminants should be less than the soil contamination warning limit from the Ministry of Environments, (3) In case of filling soils, 13 kinds of recycled wastes specified in the Wastes Control Act should not be used as filling soils, (4) Practice soil conservation technology in case of sloping areas, and (5) Follow proper fertilizer application standards for maturing paddy fields and uplands when cutting soils.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2010

The stone-dust is an unavoidable by-product of aggregate production, which is produced about 0.8~1.0 million $m^3$ annually. The stone-dust is currently regarded as a hazard material on environment because it is classified as an industrial waste in the Waste Management Law of Korea. At present, the stone-dust is considered as a environmentally hazardous material, and is classified as an industrial waste according to the Waste Management Law of Korea. In this study, we assessed the heavy-metal contamination of the stone-dust on surrounding environments by various leaching tests. Leaching experiments (such as Korea Standard Leaching Procedure (KSLP), Soil Environment Preservation Act of Korea (SEPAK), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP)) show that very low heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg) and CN are leached out, or much less than each regulatory thresholds. The resuts of the leaching test with time in acidic solution (initial pH 5 and 3) indicate that pH-buffering minerals are present in the stone-dust. These results suggest that the stone-dust can not potentially affect adverse impact on surrounding environments such as surface water, groundwater and soil etc..

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2002

Phosphogypsum is a by-product from the phosphoric acid process for manufacturing fertilizers. It consists mainly of $(CaSO_4.2H_2O)$ and contains some impurities such as$(P_2O_5)$, 불소$(F_-)$, and organic substances. The annual world production of this material is up to 150 million tons and is up to 1.57 million tons in Korea. Therefore studies describe application of phosphogypsum to daily and middle cover materials in landfill. For this Purpose, experiments were performed to evaluate the engineering properties of the material by sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency of soil, compaction, CBR, permeability, mi environmental characteristics of leaching test, reactor test. The results of this study are as follows : The mixing and layer conditions of CBR value are 6.2~6.3%, coefficient of permeability is $\alpha$$\times10_{-5}~10_{-6}cm/sec$. And leaching test results are far below than those of regulatory requirement of Waste Management Act, Soil Environment Preservation Act in Korea and RCRA in USA. Therefore phosphogypsum can be used as daily and intermediate cover materials in landfill.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal distributions of soils in the vicinity of Shi-Hwa industrial complex region, where the air pollutants from industrial area could affect the soil environment of near residential and green areas. The ranges of contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were 0.58~3.81, ND~0.91, 0.15~6.33, ND~l.86, 0.14~110.27, ND~l.17, 0.04~10.59, 1.16~86.48 and 1.83~212.65 mg/kg, respectively. For all industrial, residential and green areas, the heavy metal contents were much lower than the standard of Korean Soil Environmental Preservation Act or the critical concentration which phytotoxicity is considered to be possible. Mean values of contents of As were similar in industrial, residential and green areas. However, the mean values of contents of Cd and Cr in industrial area were higher 10 and 5 times than those in residential and green area, respectively. And also the mean values of contents of Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in industrial area were higher 2~3 times than those in residential and green area.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

This research was carried out from 2001. 4 until 2001. 5 in order to examine the level of soil contamination in the vicinity of Nanjido. The sampling was done at near the Nanjido soil. At the each sampling site we did the sampling at different depth- surface(0~15cm deep), 1m deep, 2m deep, 3m deep. The contamination of Cd, Cu, Pb, As, $Cr^{+6}$, and Hg were tasted and analysed by spectra AA. The examination showed that the average concentration level of the entire sampled soil was Cd, 0.229mg/kg, Cu 8.349mg/kg, Pb : 11.083mg/kg, As : 0.298mg/kg, $Cr^{+6}$ : 0.124mg/kg, and Hg : 0.134mg/kg. The concentration level of at the depth of 0-l5cm, came out to be Cd : 0.305mg/kg, Cu : 8.464mg/kg, Pb : 11 383mg/kg, As : 0.128mg/kg, $Cr^{+6}$ : 0.153mg/kg, and Hg : 0.092mg/kg. It shows that in the cases of Cd and C $r^{+6}$ the average concentration level of the whole sampled soil was about 80% of that of 0-l5cm depth. And as for Hg and As. the average concentration level of the entire sampled soil came out to be approximately twice as high as the sample soil from the depth surface, As for Cu and Pb, there was not much difference between the entire samples average concentration level and the concentration level of surface. It was hard to find much relationship between the depth of each site where sampling was done and the level of concentration, the concentration level of Pb and Cu at the sampling site C and E was quite high, which suggests that it has been affected by the polluted the hyang-dong stream and fill random up waste.