• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Groundwater development and use have been increasing in Korea causing frequent occurrences of related hazards such as groundwater level decline, land subsidence, and groundwater contamination. To tackle these groundwater problems, central and local governments have set-up and maintained many groundwater monitoring programs such as the National Groundwater Monitoring Network and the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network, which collect very valuable data on the overall status of domestic groundwater to aid proper groundwater management. However, several problems mainly related to the remediation of contaminated groundwater remain unresolved. Recently, there have been some incidents related to the contamination of groundwater, and these have drawn the concern of the Korean people. Although groundwater contamination has been investigated in detail, actual groundwater remediation work has not yet been implemented. The remediation of the contaminated groundwater must begin immediately in order to sustain the eco-system service of clean groundwater and enhance the welfare of the Korean people.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2021

The goal of this study is to develop experiment monitoring system of agriculture fields using ZigBee wireless modules. Soil moisture, ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and intensity of sunlight are the most important factorsto grow a wheat crop and other vegetables. In orderto monitorthe factorssoil moisture (YL69), air pressure (BMP180), temperature (DS18B20), photoresistor were used for sensing environment data. The TI CC2530 RF SoC chip was used in the system. ZigBee modules were connected to star topology. ZigBee modules send data wirelessly to a data center. This data can be displayed and analyzed on the main monitoring program as needed also sent to the client mobile. Characteristics of the sensors were determined by experiment results.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2002

The competitive quantitative PCR method targeting pcbC gene was developed for monitoring 4-chlorobiphenyl(4CB)-degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain DJ-12, in soil microcosms. The method involves extraction of DNA from soil contaminated with 4CB, PCR amplification of a pcbC gene fragment from the introduced strain with a set of strain-specific primers, and quantification of the elec-trophoresed PCR product by densitometry. To test the adequacy of the method, Pseudomonas sp. strain DJ-12 was introduced into both contaminated and non-contaminated soil microcosms amended with 4CB. Pseudomonas sp. strain DJ-12 was monitored and quantified by a competitive quantitative PCR in comparison with 4CB degradation and the result was compared to those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method. We successfully detected and monitored 4CB-degrading bacteria in each microcosm and found a significant linear relationship between the number of 4CB-degrading bacteria and the capacity for 4CB biodegradation. The results of DNA spiking and cell-spreading experiments suggest that this competitive quantitative PCR method targeting the pcbC gene for monitoring 4CB- degrading bacteria appears to be rapid, sensitive and more suitable than the microbiological approach in estimating the capacity of 4CB biodegradation in environmental samples.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권4호통권51호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) acute toxicity test was carried out and ecological risk assessment in soil was performed with national monitoring data. 14 day - $LC_{50}$ of nonylphenol and bisphenol A were 288.1 mg/kg and 90.1 mg/kg, respectively. And NOECs of nonylphenol and bisphenol A were 250 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Significant weight decrement was appeared at 70 mg/kg of bisphenol A, however, nonylphenol at concentrations tested did not severe adverse effect on the weight decrement. The environmental monitoring has been carrying out by NIER since 1999. Exposure levels of nonylphenol in soil were ND$\sim$10.55 $\mu$g/kg and those of bisphenol A were ND$\sim$15.50$\mu$g/kg in National Monitoring data which had been performed from 2000 to 2004. The measured soil exposure level was applied to evaluate the environmental risk assessment. The values of PNEC for bisphenol A and nonylphenol were determined as 0.5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively using the safety factors which were suggested in EU and OECD. The values of HQ (PEC/PNEC) were determined to be below I for bisphenol A and nonylphenol when the maximum exposure levels for bispheol A (15.50$\mu$g/kg) and nonylphenol (10.55$\mu$g/kg) were applied. Conclusively, the environmental risk assessment of bisphenol A and nonylphenol was not critical in soil.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 흙-벤토나이트월과 같은 차단벽체에 대한 전기전도도 모니터링 기법의 적용성을 평가하였다. 벤토나이트 함량, 투수계수 및 중금속 농도에 따른 전기전도도 변화를 파악하기 위하여 투수실험과 주상실험을 실시하였다. 흙-벤토나이트 혼합 다짐시편의 전기전도도는 벤토나이트 함량이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 흙-벤토나이트 차단벽체의 투수계수는 벤토나이트 함량과 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 전기전도도와도 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 주상실험을 통하여 전기전도도 파과곡선과 농도 파과곡선을 동시에 구할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 전기전도도 측정기법이 벽체 내부의 임의 지점에서 중금속의 이동을 감지하고 오염물질의 누출 가능성을 확인하는 유용한 방법으로 활용될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 전기전도도 측정기법이 차단벽체 모니터링에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2019

최근 ICT 기술과 융합 기술의 발달에 힘입어 농업 분야에서도 많은 변화와 혁신이 추구되고 있다. 과거 전통적인 농작물 생산 중심의 농업 분야에서 다양하고 첨단의 기술과 접목되어 6차 산업이라는 새로운 산업 형태를 만들고 있으며 이러한 변화의 핵심은 농업 분야에서도 ICT 기술과 공간정보의 융합이 있기에 가능하다. 센서를 이용한 농작물 작황 분석과 이를 공간정보 기반에서 분석 및 예측하기 위한 다양한 접근이 시도되고 있다. 특히 최근에는 드론을 이용한 농작물 재배 및 스마트 팜을 위한 다양한 연구가 추진되고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 연구는 드론을 이용한 직접적인 농작물 재배 등의 물리적 활용과 공간정보 구축에 국한되는 문제가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 농작물 재배에 가장 영향을 미치는 가뭄에 대한 과학적이고 객관적인 지표를 산출하기 위한 드론을 활용한 농업 가뭄 모니터링 체계 구축을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 가뭄 우심지역에 대하여 토양수분 센서를 설치하여 실제 토양의 수분을 확인하고 기준값으로 설정하여 드론에서 구축한 온도 및 정규식생지수를 비교분석하였다. 드론 열화상 센서에서는 대상 지역의 토양 온도를 산출하였으며, 드론 초분광센서를 이용하여 대상 농작물의 정규식생지수를 산출하여 실제 대상 지역의 농작물의 작황상태 및 토양온도와의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 이를 검증하기 위해 대상지역에 설치된 토양수분측정 센서를 이용하여 실제 토양수분을 산출하여 드론 성과와 비교 분석하였다. 이와 같은 접근은 비접촉 방식으로 작물의 종류, 작물의 생육정도, 단위면적 당 작황상태에 관한 데이터를 생산하여 효율적인 가뭄피해 분석에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.169-173
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• 1998

The practice of the construction and management of the underground petroleum storage facilities in Korea was investigated extensively, and the problems were identified. The advanced technologies in the U.S.A was comparatively studied. Considering the effectiveness of leak prevention and technology applicability, the following measures were suggested. To prevent corrosion of the tank, a clad tank, an interior-lining tank, or a double-wall tank was appropriate and appeared to be most cost effective. For piping, non-metalic material was suggested. To prevent spill, a catchment basin can be effective. For monitoring of leak, construction of more than one of one or combination of an automatic leak-detection device, a vapor-detection system, a ground water-monitoring system, and a double-wall detection system was recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2014

In this paper we consider a novel reconstruction method in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and its application for monitoring and detecting a hydrargyrum (mercury) polluted soil near to the surface of underground. We use electrodes placed on the surface of land to collect the data which provides the relations of voltage and current map and to produce a projected image of interior conductivity distribution onto the surface of land. Here the projected image reconstruction method is used to monitor the pollution in soil underneath the ground without any destruction and any digging into a land.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Recent advances in remote sensing techniques provide the potential for monitoring soil color as well as soil moisture conditions at the spatial and temporal scales required for detailed local modeling efforts. Soil moisture as well as soil color is a key feature used in the identification and classification of soils. Soil spectral reflectance has a direct relationship with soil color, as well as to other parameters such as soil moisture, soil texture. and organic matter. We evaluate the influence of seven soil properties, soil color and soil moisture, on soil spectral reflectance. This paper presents the results obtained from the ground-truth spectral reflectance measurements in the 300-1100 nm wavelength range for various land surfaces. The results suggest that the reflectance properties of soils are related to soil color, soil texture, and soil moisture. Increasing soil moisture content generally decreases soil reflectance which leads to parallel curves of soil reflectance spectra across the entire shortwave spectrum. We discuss the relationships between the soil reflectance and the Munsell Soil Color Charts which contain standard color chips with colors specified by designations for hue, value, and chroma.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2006

토양수분의 거동을 파악하기 위해서 설마천 유역의 범륜사 사변에 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)을 설치하여 시공간적, 계절적 특성을 파악하였다. 대상유역을 정밀 측량하여 수치지형 모형(Digital Elevation Model)을 구축하고 이를 흐름분배 알고리즘에 적용하여 흐름범위 안에서 역측량을 통해서 측정지점을 선정하여 모니터링 시스템 을 구축하였다. 2003년 11월에 380시간, 2004년 5월 6월에 1037시간 동안의 장기적인 집중 모니터링을 통해 토양수분 자료를 획득하였다. 획득한 토양수분 자료는 지형분석을 통해 상부와 중간지점, 수로지점으로 구분하여 변화 특성을 파악하였다. 지형분석을 통한 흐름특성과 토양수분 실측치의 유의성을 논의하였다. 토양수분은 계절별 강우에 대한 변화 양상은 비슷하나 봄에서 여름으로 가는 시기에는 감쇄 현상이, 가을에서 겨울로 가는 시기에는 충전현상이 일어나는 것을 알 수 있었다.