• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

In this study, a series of dynamic centrifuge tests were performed for a soil-foundation-structural interaction system in dry sand with various embedded depths and superstructure conditions. Sinusoidal wave, sweep wave and real earthquake were used as input motion with various input acceleration and frequencies. Based on the results, a natural period and an earthquake load for soil-structure interaction system were evaluated by comparing the free-field and foundation accelerations. The natural period of free field is longer than that of the soil-foundation-structure system. In addition, it is confirmed that the earthquake load for soil-foundation-structure system is smaller than that of free-field in short period region. In contrast, the earthquake load for soil-foundation-structure interaction system is larger than that of free-field in long period region. Therefore, the current seismic design method, applying seismic loading of free-field to foundation, could overly underestimate seismic load and cause unsafe design for long period structures, such as high-rise buildings.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.782-791
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• 2009

This study was carried out the laboratory tests and field plate load test in order to evaluate the reinforcement effect of geocell for road construction. The geocell-reinforced subgrade shows the increment of cohesion and friction angle with comprison of non-reinforced subgrade. In addition, the field plate load test was performed on the geocell-reinforced subgrade to estimate the bearing capacity of soil. The direct shear test was conducted with utilizing a large-scale shear box to evaluate the internal soil friction angle with geocell reinforcement. The number of cells in the geocell system is varied to investigate the effect of soil reinforcement. The theoretical bearing capacity of subgrade soil with and without geocell reinforcement was estimated by using the soil internal friction angle. The field plate load tests were also conducted to estimate the bearing capacity with geocell reinforcement. It is found out that the bearing capacity of geocell-reinforced subgrade gives 2 times higher value than that of unreinforced subgrade soil. In the future, the reinforcement effect of the geocell rigidity and load-balancing effect of the geocells should be evaluated.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2012

Recently, Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) based on reliability analysis has become a global trend for economical and rational design. In order to implement the LRFD, quantification of uncertainty for load and resistance should be done. The reliability of result relies on input variable, and therefore, it is important to obtain exact uncertainty properties of load and resistance. Since soil stress is the main reason causing the settlement or deformation of ground and load on the underground structure, it is essential to clarify the uncertainty of soil stress distribution for accurately predict the uncertainty of load in LRFD. In this study, laboratory model test on silty sand bed under probabilistic load is performed to observe propagation of upper load uncertainty. The results show that the coefficient of variation (COV) of soil stress are varied depending on location due to non-linear relationship between upper load increment and soil pressure increment. In addition, when the load uncertainty is transmitted through ground, COV is decreased by damping effect.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.335-355
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• 2016

Most laboratory test research has focused on grouting efficiency in homogeneous reconstituted soft clay. However, the natural sedimentary soils generally behave differently from reconstituted soils due to the effect of soil structure. A series of laboratory grouting tests were conducted to research the effect of soil structure on the performance of compensation grouting. The effects of grouting volume, overlying load and grouting location on the performance of compensation grouting under different soil structures were also studied. Reconstituted soil was altered with added cement to simulate artificial structured soil. The results showed that the final grouting efficiency was positive and significantly increased with the increase of stress ratio within a certain range when grouting in normally consolidated structured clay. However, in the same low yield stress situation, the artificial structured soil had a lower final grouting efficiency than the overconsolidated reconstituted soil. The larger of normalized grouting volume could increase the final grouting efficiency for both reconstituted and artificial structured soils. Whereas, the effect of the overlying load on final grouting efficiencies was unfavourable, and was independent of the stress ratio. As for the layered soil specimens, grouting in the artificial structured soil layer was the most efficient. In addition, the peak grouting pressure was affected by the stress ratio and the overlying load, and it could be predicted with an empirical equation when the overlying load was less than the yield stress. The end time of primary consolidation and the proportion of secondary consolidation settlement varied with the different soil structures, grouting volumes, overlying loads and grouting locations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2014

쏘일네일링은 지반과 그라우팅 사이의 주면마찰력과 보강재의 인장력을 통해서 저항하는 공법이다. 인발시험을 할 때는 이 두 요소를 모두 고려한 하중-변위 곡선을 얻게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지반과 그라우팅 사이의 순 하중-변위 곡선을 산정하여 지반과 그라우팅 사이의 전단거동을 규명하는 것이 목적이다. 주면마찰력 산정 이론을 통해서 이론적으로 지반과 그라우팅 사이의 하중-변위 곡선을 산정하였다. 또한 이론 검증을 위해서 지반조건과 시공조건을 변화해 가며 다량의 현장인발시험을 실시하였다. 인발시험을 통해 산정된 하중-변위 곡선에서 철근의 하중-변위 곡선을 빼내게 되면 지반과 그라우팅 사이의 순 하중-변위 곡선을 산정할 수 있으며, 이를 이론식과 비교해 보았을 때 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 결과를 통해서 지반 및 시공 조건이 주어질 때, 지반과 쏘일네일링 사이에서 발생하는 변위를 예측할 수 있다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2008

A brief review of the research works on ground vibrations caused by trains moving in underground tunnels is first given. Then, the finite/infinite element approach for simulating the soil-tunnel interaction system with semi-infinite domain is summarized. The tunnel is assumed to be embedded in a homogeneous half-space or stratified soil medium. The train moving underground is modeled as an infinite harmonic line load. Factors considered in the parametric studies include the soil stratum depth, damping ratio and shear modulus of the soil with or without tunnel, and the thickness of the tunnel lining. As far as ground vibration is concerned, the existence of a concrete tunnel may somewhat compensate for the loss due to excavation of the tunnel. For a soil stratum resting on a bedrock, the resonance peak and frequency of the ground vibrations caused by the underground load can be rather accurately predicted by ignoring the existence of the tunnel. Other important findings drawn from the parametric studies are given in the conclusion.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.167-174
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• 1999

A Land slide in Granitic Gneiss weathered soil was stabilized successfully with soil nailing using 929mm steel bar. To understand the behavior of load transfer between soil and nail, in-situ pdl-out tests were carried out. The strains of steel bars were measured using strain gauges during pull-out tests. Forces-strain data from laboratory tension tests on steel bar and grouted steel bar were examined to compare with those of the pull-out tests. Comparisons were made between the pull-out test results and laboratory test result to understand load transfer mechanism.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.599-610
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• 2021

Conduits are commonly installed below the ground for utility conveyance around the world. Vertical load on a buried conduit is an important parameter that needs to be known to ensure its safe design and installation. Consideration of soil arching in load calculations helps achieve a more realistic and efficient design. In the past, considering the arching effect, the design charts have been presented for use by practicing engineers to calculate the vertical load on the conduit buried below the level ground. There are currently no design charts for calculating the vertical load on the conduit buried under a sloping ground. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present the derivation of a generalized analytical expression considering that the soil mass overlying the conduit has a sloping face and the arching phenomenon takes place. The developed generalized expression has been used to present some design charts considering specific values of slope geometry, soil properties and burial depths. Furthermore, analytical results for specific soil parameters have been compared with the results extracted from a commercial software PLAXIS 2D, for a developed numerical model and an independent study.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.753-760
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• 2006

This paper presents the procedure and results of the numerical modelling that was carried out to investigate the stability of reinforced soil slopes under dynamic railway load. The two-dimensional explicit dynamic finite element method (ABACUS) was used to carry out the numerical analyses. To simulate the railway load, the top surface of the embankment was excited by the uniform distributed load whose frequency and magnitude was estimated by the measured railway acceleration during train passing. The embankment displacements and geogrid axial forces were analyzed to evaluate the stability of reinforced soil slopes under the dynamic train load.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2006

착과량을 달리한 '후지'/M.9 품종에서 생육 최성기중 토양수분 변화에 따른 수액 이동 특성과 수체 생리반응을 조사하였다. 적정 착과는 적습 조건인 -50 kPa에서 VPD 및 최대증발산량과 비슷한 양상의 수액이동량을 보였으나 과다 착과는 -50 kPa 및 -80 kPa 조건에서 최대증발산량보다 낮은 수액흡수량을 보였다. 적정 착과는 모든 토양수분 조건에서 최대증발산량보다 일중 $1.06{\sim}3.93L$ 많은 수액이 이동되는 특성을 보였고 과다 착과는 적정 착과보다 토양수분 -50 kPa 조건에서 21%, -20 kPa과 -80 kPa에서 $31{\sim}36%$ 정도 낮은 수액 이동량을 보였다. 착과 처리에 따른 신초생육과 엽면적은 적정 착과 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 유의성 있게 높았으나 과다 착과 처리구는 가장 낮았다. 적정 착과 처리구의 엽수분포텐셜은 다른 처리구에 비해 모든 토양수분 조건에서 가장 낮아서 수분소모율이 가장 높았다. 따라서 '후지'/M.9 품종은 적정 착과량 유지와 더불어 생육성기 중 적습조건을 유지하는 것이 수액이동을 고려할 경우, 증산효율을 높이는데 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.