• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.142-154
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate constraint effects of deformation (heaving, lateral displacement) of clayey foundation reinforced with sheet pile at the tip of banking on soft ground, under intact state (natural) and the state of vertical drain respectively. The following results are obtained. 1. In view of reduction in heaving or lateral displacement, sheet pile is not supposed to be of use. 2. Sheet pile is effective only when vertical drain is installed for acceleration of consolidation and gradual loading is applied.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2005

This paper attempts to derive and analyze the dynamic system of pinching a rigid object by means of two multi-degrees-of-freedom robot fingers with soft and deformable tips. It is shown firstly that a set of differential equation describing dynamics system of the manipulators and object together with geometric constraint of tight area-contacts is formulated by Lagrange's equation. It is shown secondly that the problems of controlling both the forces of pressing object and the rotation angle of the object under the geometric constraints are discussed. In this paper, the control method for dynamic stable grasping and enhancing dexterity in manipulating things is proposed. It is illustrated by computer simulation that the control system gives the performance improvement in the dynamic stable grasping of the dual fingers robot with soft tips.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-93
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• 1982

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to achieve normal occlusion and good facial esthetics for individual patients. To produce harmonized facial balance, treatment planning for patient who require orthodontic treatment should include both a hard tissue and soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Author studied to derive the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Koreans by roentgenocephalometric analysis. For this study 12 soft tissue profile landmarks were plotted and 23 linear length, 9 soft tissue thickness, 8 vertical height length, 12 angles of soft tissue profile, and 3 vertical proportion were measured. The subjects consisted of 166 males and 209 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profiles, and were divided into five groups according to age. The obtained results were as follows; 1. From the basis of N-Pog (Nasion-Pogonion) plane, the growth of facial soft tissue in the middle region especially nose area was greater than others facial region. 2. From the basis of G-Pog' (Glabella-soft tissue Pogonion) plane, the values of linear measurement of soft tissue Nasion and Inferior labial sulcus decreased and nose tip grew forward as growing older. 3. The growth of the facial soft tissue thickness was greatest in superior labial sulcus and the thickness of soft tissue nasion gradually became thinner as growing old. 4. The thickness of upper and lower lip was 14.47mm, 14.57mm in adulr male, 12.76mm, 13.78mm in adult female. 5. The soft tissue thickness of the lower lip was thicker than that of upper lip in all age groups and both sexes, 6. The vertical length of the upper and lower lips were 25.04mm, 49.97mm in adult male and 23.50mm, 48.39mm in adult female. 7. By the significant test, there were significant difference between male and female in fifth adult group on all vertical length measurements of lower face. 8. In fifth adult group, the perpendicular distance from LS, LI to Steiner's line and Ricketts' esthetic line were as follow; Steiner line to LS, LI were 7.98mm, 5.84mm in male. Steiner line to LS, LI were 6.71mm, 5.08mm in female. Ricketts' esthetic line to LS, LI were -0.40mm, 1.72mm in male. Ricketts' esthetic line to Ls, LI were -1.38mm 0.65mm in female. 9. In fifth adult group, the facial convexity angle and lower facial component angle were $171.17^{\circ}142.94^{\circ}$ in male and $172.5^{\circ}$, $144.41^{\circ}$ in female.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Objective: To evaluate nasal and upper lip changes after Le Fort I surgery by means of images taken with a three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Methods: Fifteen patients (9 female and 6 male, mean age 21.9 years) with preoperative and postoperative 3D-CT were studied. The patients underwent maxillary movement with impaction or elongation, and advancement or setback. With the 3D-CT which presents reconstructive soft tissue images, preoperative and postoperative measurement and analysis were performed for nasal tip projection angle, columellar angle, supratip break angle, nasolabial angle, interalar width, internostril width, columella length and nasal tip projection. Results: Postoperative interalar and internostril widening was significant for all categories of maxillary movement. However, there was little significant relation in all parameters between the amount and direction of maxillary movement. Interestingly, movement of the maxilla with upward did show a little decrease in the columellar angle, supra tip break angle and nasolabial angle. Also movement of the maxilla with forward did show a little advancement in the upper lip position. Conclusion: Changes to the nose clearly occur after orthognathic surgery. There was a significant increase in postoperative interalar width and internostril width with maxillary movement. However, no clear correlation could be determined between amount of change and maxillary movement. Interestingly, maxillary impaction did show a little decrease in the columellar angle, supra tip break angle and nasolabial angle. In addition, we used 3D-CT for more precise analysis as a useful tool.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.457-473
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the morophological and positional correlation between the upper cervical vertebra, the oral structures and the pharyngeal tissues, and the correlation of these anatomical structures with dental features, such as teeth wear area nad tooth contact status, etc. Seventy patients with temporamandibular disorders and sixty three dental students without any signs and symptoms in head and neck region were selected for this study. All they had natural dentition without any fixed and removable protheses. Teeth wear area and arch width wre measured from the upper dental cast, tooth contact status were observed by T-Scan system$^\textregistered$ and four cephaloradiograpohs were taken from four head postures, namely, natural(NHP), forward(FHP), upward(UHP), and downward head postiure(DHP). 22 cephalometric items were measured on the films and the data were processed with SAS statistical program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In normal group, angle of cervical vertebra tangent and of between hard and soft palate were broader in female subjects than those in male subjacets, but distance from subocciput to axis, size of soft palate, and pharyngeal space width were larger in male subjects. 2. In normal group with natural head posture, the items correlated each others from the three anatomical regions were distance between first nad second vertebra in posterior part, distance from the lingual surface of lower anterior teeth to anterior surface of soft palate, and distance from the hyoid bone to third vertebra. 3. Three set of items showed significant correlation each other in the four head postures in normal group. First set was the angle between hard and soft palate and the idstance from subocciput to posterior arch of first vertebra, second set was the distance between first and second vertebra in posterior part and the teeth wear area, third set was number and force of tooth contact and length of soft palate and distance from anterior tip of hyoid bone to mandibular plane.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1985

본고는 기약지반변형해석에 이용될 범용 program을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 성토부끝에 sheet pile을 타설하거나 혹은 성토부아래의 연약정토지반을 개취하였을 때의 변형억제효과를 연구한 것이다. 본고에 적용된 압밀리론으로서 Biot의 압밀방정식과 구성방정식으로서 탄소성리론에 근거한 modified Cam-clay 이론을 적용하였고 유한요소해석으로서는 Christian-Boehmer계를 도입하여 program화한 것이다. 그 주요한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 속변지반의 침하효과에 관해서는 sheet pile이나 심우혼합처새깊이를 자지층까지 관입하여 시공하고 그 자신의 침하가 없을 경우에만 유효하다. 2. 흔히 사용되는 sheet pile대책공법은 통상의 steel sheet pile의 각성으로서는 성토직후의 봉기, 측방변위의 억제효과는 기대할 수 없다. 3. Sheet pile에 대한 예상론인 사용방법은 성토하부에 세밀을 촉진하기 위해 vertical drain을 설치하고 점증재하 방법만이 확실한 효과가 있다. 4. 체층혼합처리공법은 예상한 바와 같이 그 자종가 강성이 클수록 침하억제핵과가 있다. 특히 grouting을 통한 지반강화가 곧장 주변지반의 변형억제효과가 있다고 단정하는 것은 그 강성 까 관련하여 신중히 고려하여 결정해야 한다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1998

대상 연약지반의 적절한 개량기술 선택과 개량 효과들을 평가, 관리하기 위해서는 현장 연약 점토지반 특성을 정확히 평가할 수 있는 적절한 현장 시험기법의 적용이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 여러 현장시험 방법 중에 경제적이면서도 효과적인 것으로 알려져 국내에서 그 수요가 증가하고 있는 피에조 콘(piezocone)과 딜라토메터(dilatometer)를 이용하여 연약지반의 현장 물성을 평가하고 비교하였다. 연구결과 두 장비 모두 유사한 흙 분류 결과를 제공하였으나. 특히 간극수압으로부터 도출한 흙 분류 결과가 연약점토층 사이에 실트나 모래층 들이 산재한 우리나라 실정에 보다 적절하며 일관성 있는 결과를 주는 것으로 평가되었다. 점토층의 비배수 전단강도는 피에조 콘의 경우 간극수압과 선단저항력으로부터 도출된 간들이 유사하였고 딜라토메터로부터 추정된 비배수 전단강도는 피에조 콘의 두 관측 값으로 유추된 결과들의 평균간에 근접한 것으로 평가되었다. 그리고 실트 또는 모래층이 산재하는 경우 연약지반의 압밀특성을 평가하기 위해서는 관입과정에서 유발되는 소산효과를 고려한 이론적 시간계수가 보다 적절한 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.163-170
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• 2010

Today, In-Situ testing for measureing geotechnical characterization are divided by Cone Penetration Test, Standard Penetration Test and Dilatometer Test, and will vary depending on soil conditions have been applied (Korea Geotechnical Engineering, 2006). However, these methods can be applied on sand or soft clay soil. Now, many studies are progressing for evaluating the stiffness characteristic of rocks and IGM. and Nam moon suk(2006) did Texas Cone Penetrometer Test for designing field penetration pile intruded at rocks and IGM. but, reliability of Texas Cone Penetration Test has confidence limits because TCPT is testing in Texas centrally, and energy dose not measure Woojin Lee, etc. (1998) did calculate Standard Penetration Test Hammer's dynamic energy efficiency by using dongjaeha analyzer. this research, we installed strain gage and accelerometer for supply existing equipment, and develop MCP that can use variety soils. this thesis, we measured energy at head and tip of Rod for evaluating energy that transport at free falling. As a result, Energy differences are occurred at head and tip of Rod.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

The characteristics of the cleft lip nasal deformity is defined in this article in three planes. The alar flaring is explained in X axis, the lower positioning of the alar free margin is imagined in Y axis and the short hemicolumella is in Z axis. Most cleft surgeons have focused on the malposition of the lateral crus of alar cartilage while the author defined it in X and Y axises and tried to correct that deformity of short hemicolumella in Z axis. For the last 13 years the author applied that method in 818 cases of secondary cleft lip nose deformity. Through the columellar splitting incision extended to free margin of the alar not beyond the nasal dorsum, the skin and soft tissue of the webbing deformed the nasal tip was excised in crescent fashion. The dissected short hemicolumella including the medial crus was thus elevated and advanced into the space of the deformed nasal tip after the crescent excision. This procedure should be followed by the correction of the deformities in X and Y axis. The medial crus elevation is more effective and critical way to have the constant and nice outcome than the lateral crus reposition in secondary cleft lip nasal deformity

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of the low temperature atmospheric plasma device with needle tip designed for easy approach to the oral cavity and root canal against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The antibacterial activities evaluated by measuring clear zone of agar plate smeared with each bacteria after plasma treatment. To quantify antibacterial effects, dilution plate method was used. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for observation of changes in bacterial morphology. As treatment time of plasma increased, the clear zone was enlarged. The death rate was more than 99%. The SEM results showed that the globular shape of bacteria was distorted. These results suggest that needle tip plasma could be an innovative device for prevention of dental caries, and treatment of apical infection and soft tissue diseases.