• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.458-469
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• 1997

This study was to compare the tensile bond strength and flexibility of four different soft liners(Coe-Soft, Soft Relining, Soft-Liner, Dura Base Soft) before & after thermocycling. Each soft liner was bonded to denture base resin block, and measured the tensile bond strength and modulus of elasticity using Universal testing machine. The mean value of tensile bond strength and modulus of elasticity for each experimental groups were statistically processed by SPSS(Statistical Package of Social Science). The obtained results were as follows : 1. Dura Base Soft had the highest tensile bond strength and Coe-Soft had the lowest tensile bond strength. 2. Coe-Soft had the lowest modulus of elasticity, and Dura Base Soft had the highest modulus of elasticity. 3. Thermocycling had no effects on the tensile bond strength and modulus of elasticity of all the soft liners. 4. The failure modes of Coe-Soft, Soft Relining, Soft Liner were mainly cohesive failure, and that of Dura Base Soft were mainly adhesive failure.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

Le fort II osteotomy is much useful technique to correct the midfacial hypoplasia including nasomaxillary complex especilly in patient with dish face appearance. Not in simple orthognathic surgery but in Le Fort II osteotomy, the standardization of prognostic value is essential in treatment planning to achieve satisfactory postoperative results. According to pervious reports, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movements varies as to different surgical methods and different facial regions. But there are few report about the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement following Le Fort II osteotomy. So we tried to develop standarized soft tissue surgical treatment objective. We have followed up 16 patients, who had received Le Fort II osteotomy by one operator from 1990 to 1996, one year postoperatively. In cephalometrics, we used Frankfort line as horizontal reference line, and vertical reference line as one drawn from Sella to horizontal line perpendicularly. The landmarks are G to soft tissue G, N on reference line to soft tissue N, ANS to Pn and A to Sn. The results are as follows. 1. The value of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement showed positive correlation, having statistical significancy at G, N2, N3 point. 2. At G, N2, N3 point, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement was 0.51, 0.98 and 0.80 respectively and showed statistical significancy, while at N1, ANS, A point, that was 0.72, 0.49 and 0.26 but didn't showed statistical significance. 3. This result shows much the same change of the soft tissue change to hard tissue movement on the upper nasomaxilla, and less the same change on the lower maxilla and so the Le Fort II osteotomy can be recommended as a reliable effective operation method for correction of nasomaxillary retrusion.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.5C no.6
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• pp.242-245
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• 2005

We compared and analyzed ASER (Accelerated Soft Error Rate) for cell structures and metal plate capacitance in the fabricated 16M SRAM. Application of the BNW (Buried NWELL) lowered the ASER value compared to the normal well structure. By applying the metal plate capacitor with the BNW, the lowest ASER value can be obtained. The thinner oxide thickness of the metal plate capacitor provides higher capacitance and lower ASER value. The ASER is improved from 2200 FIT to 1000 FIT after sole application of the BNW. However, it is dramatically improved to 15 FIT once the metal plate capacitor is additionally applied.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a new guidance law for a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) that lands vertically after reentry. In our past studies, a guidance law was developed for a vertical/soft landing to a target point. The guidance law, which is analytically obtained, can regenerate a trajectory against disturbances because it is expressed in the form of state feedback. However, the guidance law does not necessarily guarantee a vertical/soft landing when a dynamical system such as an RLV includes a nonlinear phenomenon owing to the atmosphere of the earth. In this study, we introduce a design of the guidance law for a nonlinear system to achieve a vertical/soft landing on the ground using the exact linearization method and solving the two-point boundary-value problem for the derived linear system. Numerical simulation confirmed the validity of the proposed guidance law for an RLV in an atmospheric environment.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.128-137
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• 1997

In this study, examined influence of consolidation effect that had affected by location of pump inlet that was set collection well for drainage of pore water discharged by embankment on soft ground through the field test. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1 Initial consolidation curve value were larger than theoritic value, the cause of these phenomena were thought influence of secondary consolidation and three dimensional strain of soft clay. 2. The settlement value of Hosino method was larger than that of Hyperbolic method, but settlement value of Hyperbolic method was accurate more than that of Hosino method in the prediction of settlement. 3. When pump inlet in collection well came down from GL+O.3m to GL-1.5m, settlement value increased about 10cm and when the ground water level was made insitu after pumping had completed , settlement was expanded about 7~8cm. So it is found that location change of pump inlet bad an influence on settlement remarkably. 4. If location of pump inlet in collection well for large scale estate or wide road site is lowered than original ground level, the settlement will be accelerated effectively, and at this stage automatic pump must be used in pumping.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate the dentoskeletal factors which may predict soft-tissue chin strain during lip closure. Methods: The pretreatment frontal and lateral facial photographs and lateral cephalograms of 209 women (aged 18-30 years) with Angle's Class I or II malocclusion were examined. The subjects were categorized by three examiners into the no-strain and strain groups according to the soft-tissue chin tension or deformation during lip closure. Relationships of the cephalometric measurements with the group classification were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and a classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to define the predictive variables for the group classification. Results: The lower the value of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the higher the values of upper incisor to Nasion-Pogonion (U1-NPog, mm), overjet, and upper incisor to upper lip (U1-upper lip, mm), the more likely was the subject to be classified into the strain group. The CART showed that U1-NPog was the most prominent predictor of soft-tissue chin strain (cut-off value of 14.2 mm), followed by overjet. Conclusions: To minimize strain of the soft-tissue chin, orthodontic treatment should be oriented toward increasing the ODI value while decreasing the U1-NPog, overjet, and U1 upper lip values.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in enhancing the unconfined compressive strength of soft soil alone and soft soil mixed with recycled tiles. The recycled tiles have been used to treat soft soil in a previous research by Al-Bared et al. (2019) and the results showed significant improvement, but the improved strength value was for samples treated with low cement content (2%). Hence, OPC is added alone in this research in various proportions and together with the optimum value of recycled tiles in order to investigate the improvement in the strength. The results of the compaction tests of the soft soil treated with recycled tiles and 2, 4, and 6% OPC revealed an increment in the maximum dry density and a decrement in the optimum moisture content. The optimum value of OPC was found to be 6%, at which the strength was the highest for both samples treated with OPC alone and samples treated with OPC and 20% recycled tiles. Under similar curing time, the strength of samples treated with recycled tiles and OPC was higher than the treated soil with the same percentage of OPC alone. The stress-strain curves showed ductile plastic behaviour for the untreated soft clay and brittle behaviour for almost all treated samples with OPC alone and OPC with recycled tiles. The microstructural tests indicated the formation of new cementitious products that were responsible for the improvement of the strength, such as calcium aluminium silicate hydrate. This research promotes recycled tiles as a green stabiliser for soil stabilisation capable of reducing the amount of OPC required for ground improvement. The replacement of OPC with recycled tiles resulted in higher strength compared to the control mix and this achievement may results in reducing both OPC in soil stabilisation and the disposal of recycled tiles into landfills.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2021

Purpose: To investigate the value of MR textural analysis, including use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to differentiate malignant from benign soft-tissue tumors on 3T MRI. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 69 patients (25 men, 44 women, ages 18 to 84 years) with pathologically confirmed soft-tissue tumors (29 benign, 40 malignant) who underwent pre-treatment 3T-MRI. We calculated MR texture, including mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness, kurtosis, mean of positive pixels (MPP), and entropy, according to different spatial-scale factors (SSF, 0, 2, 4, 6) on axial T1- and T2-weighted images (T1WI, T2WI), contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI), high b-value DWI (800 sec/mm²), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. We used the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for statistical analysis. Results: Malignant soft-tissue tumors had significantly lower mean values of DWI, ADC, T2WI and CE-T1WI, MPP of ADC, and CE-T1WI, but significantly higher kurtosis of DWI, T1WI, and CE-T1WI, and entropy of DWI, ADC, and T2WI than did benign tumors (P < 0.050). In multivariate logistic regression, the mean ADC value (SSF, 6) and kurtosis of CE-T1WI (SSF, 4) were independently associated with malignancy (P ≤ 0.009). A multivariate model of MR features worked well for diagnosis of malignant soft-tissue tumors (AUC, 0.909). Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis could be obtained using MR textural analysis with DWI and CE-T1WI in differentiating benign from malignant soft-tissue tumors.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.338-343
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• 2020

In this paper, it was shown that the decoding method of Hamming codes using soft values can be applied to molecular communication channels. A soft value criterion that can be used for decoding of Hamming codes for a molecular communication channel was proposed, and it has been shown through simulation that the decoding method using these values can improve reliability even in the molecular communication channel. A diffusion-based molecular communication channel was assumed, and information symbols were transmitted using BCSK modulation. After demodulating the number of molecules absorbed by the receiver at each symbol interval with an appropriate threshold, the number of molecules is no longer used. In this paper, the BER performance of the decoder was improved by utilizing information on the number of molecules that are no longer used as soft values in the decoding process. Simulation was performed to confirm the improvement in BER performance. When the number of molecules per bit is 600, the error rate of the Hamming code (15,11) was improved about 5.0×10^-3 to the error rate of the BCSK system without the Hamming code. It can be seen that the error rate of (15,11) Hamming code with the soft values was improved to the same extent. In the case of (7,4) Hamming code, the result is similar to that of (15,11) Hamming code. Therefore, it can be seen that the BER performance of the Hamming code can be greatly improved even in the molecular communication channel by using the difference between the number of molecules absorbed by the receiver and the threshold value as a soft value.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1977

This experiment was conducted in order to find out the drawing performance of a two-wheel tractor under different levels of the soil moisture and hardness, so as to obtain some basic data for improving their drawing performance. With fairly homogeneous soil, 5 levels of soil moisture contents (8, 13, 17, 20 and 23%) and 3 levels of soil hardness (0 , 2 and 4kg/$cm^2$) were selected for this experiment.The summerized results are as follows ;1. The draft force, on the hard soil (hardness ; 4kg/$cm^2$), had a distinct tendency to decrease with the increasing soil moisture. On the medium soil (hardness ; 2 kg/$cm^2$), and the soft soil (hardness ; 0kg$cm^2$), the draft force showed the highest when the moisture contents were within the range of 16-19%.But the maximum draft force, on the soft soil, was higher than that on the medium soil by 10 %. 2. The driving axle torque increased with increasing soil by 10 %. 3.The values of horizontal distance between the soil reaction point and axle shaft were within the range of 0~10cm , and it had the tendency to increase with the increasing soil moisture. Also, it s value was the largest on the hard soil and the smallest on the soft soil. 4.The tractive efficiency decreased with the increasing soil moisture. On the hard soil, the average value of tractive efficiency was higher than that on the medium soil by 19.0% and that on the soft soil was lower than that on the medium soil. 5.The traction ratio were within the range of 30 ~45%, and their changing tendency with respect to the soil moisture was similar to that in the case of the draft force. 6. The travel resistance ratio tended to increased with increasing soil moisture, and the highest value was found on the soft soil, and the lowest on the hard soil.