• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.135-151
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• 1982

In order to investigate the effectiveness of Osmose process for the practical treatment of wood this study has been made using water soluble preservatives such as Malenit and chromated zinc chloride. The results obtained in this investigation are as follows: 1. The penetration of Malenit in sapwood has been observed deeper than that of chromated zinc chloride for all species tested in this investigation. 2. The penetration of preservatives applied in soft wood, ie. Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis has been observed better results than that of hard wood, i.e., Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora. 3. The longer stack covering, despite of preservatives applied and size of wood tested, has given better penetration for all species tested, and the fastest diffusion has been occured in 15 days from they day started. Following after 15 days diffusion had gradualy become slower. 4. The length of time needed for effective penetration has taken 45 days for all species tested, reaching twenty millimeters (20mm) in depth in case of Malnit, that means also more than 50% of penetration into sapwood portion. However it has taken 45 days fer Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis, reaching fifteen millimeters (15mm) and 60 days for Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora, reaching same fifteen millimeters in case of chromated zinc chloride, that means also less than 50% (except 50% for Larix) of penetration into sapwood portion. 5. Deeper penetration of preservatives from the wood surface has been observed in the larger wood than the smaller wood for all species tested, although the penetration ratio between the width of sapwood and the length penetrated has been observed smaller in larger wood than smaller wood. 6. The relation between moisture content of wood and the penetration of preservatives into wood tested has shown the linear regression, that is, the more moisture content brought the deeper penetration. 7. Following the result obtained at this investigation osmose process with Malenit applied has indicated as a useable process for the none pressure treatment of wood.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

A change of z-directional structural and surface properties by calendering has a great influence on liquid penetration into a sheet. It could be also important for multi-ply sheet because it contacts liquid dunhg coating or converting process. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate of a change of z-directional structure in multi-ply sheet by calendering. To do this, multi-ply sheets were prepared with various raw materials and calendered at the different pressure and temperature conditions. In multi-ply sheet which consisted of one kind of pulp fiber, thickness reductions were higher in top and bottom plies than in middle plies. And in the case of soft nip calender treatment with high temperature, top layer which was in contact with heating roll showed the highest reduction of thickness. Hard nip calender treatment showed U-shaped density profile in z-direction, but compression profile by SNC treatment was dependent on calendering condition. To examine z-directional structure of multi-ply sheet which was composed of different raw material for each layer, CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) analyses were carried out on cross direction of sheet. It turned out to be a useful tool for investigating z-directional analysis. As a result, variation of thickness reduction in z-direction is dependent on ply structure, compressibility of pulp fiber, and calendering condition.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2005

불소의 함량이 $62\%$인 불소화된 폴리올($Fluorolink^{(R)}$:평균분자량 1000)을 이용하여 환경친화적인 불소함유 수분산 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 사용된 diisocyanate는 isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI)였으며, 폴리우레탄 내 불소의 함량 조절을 위해 폴리올은 poly(tetramethylene glycol)(PTMGG2000)과 $Fluorolink^{(R)}$을 정해진 비율로 조절하였고 친수성 음이온기의 도입을 위해 dimethanol propionic acid(DMPA)를 사용하였다. 이온성 작용기는 수분산 전에 triethyl mine(TEA)으로 중화하여 생성하였으며, 최종적으로 ethylene diamine(EDA)을 이용하여 사슬연장하였다. 기계적 물성을 측정한 결과 불소의 함량이 증가함에 따라 탄성률은 증가하였으나, 파괴 변형률은 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 접촉각으로부터 얻은 표면에너지 값은 불소함량에 따라 감소하였으나 $Fluorolink^{(R)}$가 $20\%$ 이상에서는 큰 변화가 없어 소량의 $Fluorolink^{(R)}$ 만으로도 불소함유의 충분한 효과를 얻을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 열적 성질을 알아본 결과, $Fluorolink^{(R)}$의 함량이 증가할수록 $T_g$와 열분해온도가 낮아졌는데 이것은 soft segment를 구성하는 $Fluorolink^{(R)}$의 $T_g$와 분해온도가 PTMG 2000보다 낮기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 여겨진다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2015

무릎 자기공명영상에서 전방십자인대의 분할은 밝기값의 불균일성 및 주변 조직들과의 유사 밝기값 특성으로 인해 기존 분할기법의 적용에 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 지역적 정렬을 통한 확률아틀라스 생성 및 반복적 그래프 컷을 통한 다중아틀라스 기반 전방십자인대 분할기법을 제안한다. 첫째, 전역 및 지역적 다중아틀라스 강체정합을 통해 전방십자인대의 확률아틀라스를 생성한다. 둘째, 생성된 확률아틀라스를 이용하여 최대사후추정 및 그래프 컷을 통하여 전방십자인대 초기 분할을 수행한다. 셋째, 마스크 기반 강체정합을 통한 형상정보 개선 및 반복적 그래프 컷을 통해 전방십자인대 분할 개선을 수행한다. 제안방법의 성능평가를 위하여 육안평가 및 정확성평가를 수행하였으며, 평가 결과 제안방법의 Dice 유사도는 75.0%, 평균표면거리는 1.7화소, 제곱근표면거리는 2.7화소로서 기존 그래프 컷 방법에 비하여 전방 십자인대의 분할정확도가 각각 12.8%, 22.7%, 및 22.9% 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of training in vestibular sensory stimulation on balance and gait of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=10) or the control group (n=10). Patients in the experimental group received rotational stimulation training, vertical-horizontal stimulation training, gait training on a flat surface with vestibular sensory stimulation, and gait training on soft ground with vestibular sensory stimulation. Patients in the control group received general treadmill gait training. The intervention was applied four times per week, 25 minutes each time, for a period of four weeks. We measured Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Biodex Balance System, Timed up to Go (TUG) test and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) to evaluate balance and gait ability. Results: BBS differed significantly in both groups between before and after the intervention (p<0.05) and changes in BBS after the intervention differed between the two groups (p<0.05). According to the Biodex Balance System test result, only the experimental group showed significant changes in balance in the conditions of static eyes open (SEC), dynamic eyes open (DEO), and dynamic eyes closed (DEC) (p<0.05). TUG test results differed significantly between prior to and after the training in both the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05) and changes in TUG after the intervention differed significantly between the two groups (p<0.05). DGI results showed significant change after the intervention in the experimental group only (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training in vestibular sensory stimulation was effective in improving static-dynamic balance and gait ability of stroke patients.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.429-432
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• 2009

An unreported disease of apricot was observed in orchards in Zhejiang province, China. Symptoms started as water soaked lesions on the fruit surface. Later, water-soaked areas developed and spread to the entire fruit, resulting in soft rot of the whole fruit. The causal organism isolated from symptomatic fruits was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog data as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto fruits of apricot. In addition, European plum, Japanese plum, nectarine and kiwifruit were susceptible to the B. cepacia pathogen. However, the B. cepacia pathogen failed to cause any visible symptoms when it was inoculated onto 16 other fruits. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of apricot caused by B. cepacia in China.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.592-600
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• 2006

Purpose: Numerous materials, both autologous and nonautologous, have been used for augmentation of sunken areas, but they have their own limitations. The purpose of this study is to determine the histologic response and volume change of the xenogenic collagen-based scaffold($Terudermis^{(R)}$) to the transfer into a subcutaneous soft tissue location in vivo rabbit model. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were used. Three $1.2{\times}1.2cm$ sized subcutaneous pockets were created on the dorsal surface of each ear. $1{\times}1cm$ sized collagen matrix($Terudermis^{(R)}$) and autologous dermal graft were implanted into each pocket. Full thickness of ear was harvested in 3 days, 1, 2, 4 weeks, 3, 6 months after implantation. Results: Histological analysis of implants demonstrated progressive neovascularization, fibroblast infilteration, neocollagen bundle synthesis and organization, and few foreign body reaction. The thickness of the collagen matrix in 3 days after the operation was 87.69% of the thickness of the collagen matrix in wet state. Then it decreased to 30.17% in 6 months after the operation. The rate of decrease was similar at all points at the same time compared with autologous dermal graft. Conclusion: Our experimental study suggests that $Terudermis^{(R)}$ could be a safe material as an implant for permanent augmentation in subcutaneous tissue. However the choice of graft for augmentation should be remained to the clinical situations.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.537-541
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• 1994

식용 또는 약용으로 그 이용가치를 충분히 가지고 있는 강활의 미숙화서, 줄기, 그리고 엽병으로부터 캘러스 유도와 식물체 발생에 관하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 캘러스 유도와 증식정도는 미숙화서를 2,4-D 2mg/l 첨가배지에 치상했을 때 가장 양호하였 다. 2. 2,4-D 1mg/l와 2mg/l 첨가배지에서 미숙화서로부터 유도된 담황색의 유연한 캘러스 표면에 희고 단단한 embryogenic 캘러스가 발생하였고, 그외 배지에서는 발생하지 않았다. 3. 줄기 발생은 2,4-D 0.1mg/l와 Kinetin 1mg/l 그리고 2,4-D 0.5mg/l와 Kinetin 2mg/l를 각각 조합한 배지에서 가장 효율적이었다. 4. 캘러스 유도와 식물체 재생에 가장 적합한 재료는 미숙화서라 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1266-1270
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• 2003

저자들은 비강내 종괴로 내원한 14세 환아에서 종괴 생검 및 면역 표현형 검사로 비강 T/NK 세포형 림프종으로 진단하고 치료 중인 1례를 보고하는 바이다.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2006

환자가 요도용 카테타를 장기간 착용할 경우 세균흡착에 의한 감염이 유발되어 심각한 부작용을 경험하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 양친성 폴리우레탄을 합성하여 요도용 카테타 도포용 소재로서의 응용가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 양친성 폴리우레탄은 친수성 고분자인 poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)와 소수성 고분자인 poly (tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) 또는 poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)을 연질부로 도입하여 합성하였다. 상용 실리콘 카테타에 양친성 고분자를 도포한 결과 표면의 친수성이 현저히 개선되었다. 특히, PEO의 함량이 많은 폴리우레탄일수록 친수성이 높게 나타났으며, 세균 흡착량이 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 합성한 양친성 고분자는 요도용 카테타의 도포용 소재로 적합한 것을 알 수 있었다.