• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

Purpose: Complete rupture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament of thumb needs surgical exploration and repair, owing to the interposition of the adductor aponeurosis (Stener lesion) which interferes in healing process. We performed arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment on ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb and evaluated it's efficiency. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopy was perfomed on 13 patients of whom injured on complete ruture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament. Follow-up period was over 1 year and mean age was 35.6 years old. Ulnar collateral ligament tears and Stener lesion were diagnosed and treated by arthroscopy procedure. Results were interpreted by joint instability, pinch power, grip power and range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb. Results: We found 5 Stener lesions in 13 cases. There was no appreciable postoperative instability. Pinch and grip power were recovered to 92%, 94% of uninjured thumb respectively. Range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint was mean $52^{\circ}$, almost equal to uninjured thumb. Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment in metacapophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb is useful method that Stener lesion can be clearly comfirmed and treated. Also soft tissue injuries can be minimized, thereby early functional recovery can be expected.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.175-180
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• 2015

A facile soft chemical synthesis route is used to grow nano-buds of copper hydroxide [$Cu(OH)_2$] thin films on stainless steel substrate[SS]. Besides different chemical methods for synthesis of $Cu(OH)_2$ nanostructure, the chemical bath deposition (CBD) is attractive for its simplicity and environment friendly condition. The structural, morphological, and electro-chemical properties of $Cu(OH)_2$ thin films are studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurement techniques. The results showed that, facile chemical synthesis route allows to form the polycrystalline, granular nano-buds of $Cu(OH)_2$ thin films. The electrochemical properties of $Cu(OH)_2$ thin films are studied in an aqueous 1 M KOH electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry. The sample exhibited supercapacitive behavior with $340Fg^{-1}$ specific capacitance. Moreover, electrochemical capacitive measurements of $Cu(OH)_2/SS$ electrode exhibit a high specific energy and power density about ${\sim}83Wh\;kg^{-1}$ and ${\sim}3.1kW\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, at $1mA\;cm^{-2}$ current density. The superior electrochemical properties of copper hydroxide ($Cu(OH)_2/SS$) electrode with nano-buds like structure mutually improves pseudocapacitive performance. This work evokes scalable chemical synthesis with the enhanced supercapacitive performance of $Cu(OH)_2/SS$ electrode in energy storage devices.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.311-344
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• 2010

Over 100 years in Mainland China, the 'traditional' thought and culture have been transformed from 'the past must be sublated' to 'the heritage must be preserved.' Today, China hopes to deal with the negative effects of industrial development such as the gap between rich and poor, and the absence of common values etc. through the reconstruction of traditional thought and culture, especially that of Confucianism. The Chinese government superficially accepts Confucianism for the purpose of the social stabilization and ongoing economic development while they keep the Socialism as the nation's ideological system. In the private sectors, there is endeavoring move to make the Chinese traditional thought and culture global paralleled to their economic growth. There are also scholars who find the cultural unification and the spiritual comfort from the restoration of the traditional thought and culture. They, so called 'the critical successionists' or 'the cultural conservativists,' believe that the traditional thought and culture could play a role in the Chinese modernization, and the new understanding and interpretation of their tradition could provide an alternative for their future. In my view, we need a careful survey on the view of the critical successionists or the cultural conservativists who regard tradition and culture as a power (力量). With this, we are required to investigate our own problems through the new understanding of our traditional thought and culture.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2018

3D histology is a imaging system for the 3D structural information of cells or tissues. The synchrotron radiation propagation phase contrast micro-CT has been used in 3D imaging methods. However, the simple phase contrast micro-CT did not give sufficient micro-structural information when the specimen contains soft elements, as is the case with many biomedical tissue samples. The purpose of this study is to develop a new technique to enhance the phase contrast effect for soft tissue imaging. Experiments were performed at the imaging beam lines of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). The biomedical tissue samples under frozen state was mounted on a computer-controlled precision stage and rotated in $0.18^{\circ}$ increments through $180^{\circ}$. An X-ray shadow of a specimen was converted into a visual image on the surface of a CdWO4 scintillator that was magnified using a microscopic objective lens(X5 or X20) before being captured with a digital CCD camera. 3-dimensional volume images of the specimen were obtained by applying a filtered back-projection algorithm to the projection images using a software package OCTOPUS. Surface reconstruction and volume segmentation and rendering were performed were performed using Amira software. In this study, We found that synchrotron phase contrast imaging of frozen tissue samples has higher contrast power for soft tissue than that of non-frozen samples. In conclusion, synchrotron radiation propagation phase contrast cryo-microCT imaging offers a promising tool for non-destructive high resolution 3D histology.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.55
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• pp.57-94
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• 2018

Crisis of trust in Korean society, especially south-south conflicts among Korean political circle, civil society and peoples on the issue of the Korean peninsula policy driven by south Korean government, have weakened the sustainable and consistent energy of the policy for peace and unification of Korea peninsula. At the moment of drastic change of south-north relation in Korean peninsula, National agreement as a foundation of sustainable peace and unification policy has very important meaning. Because of this, national contract of unification as a kind of social concertation, has been demanded. National contract for peace and unification is an unprecedented process for making unofficial legal norm because it authorize quasi-legislative binding force on the agreement which is concluded by the Korean political circle, civil society and peoples for the peace and unification of Korean peninsula. National contract for peace and unification includes 'agreed aim and principles' for peace, prosperity and unification as well as process and result. And National contract for peace and unification, also is characterized long duration of aim achievement and openness of participating subjects. In terms of law, it will be legitimate source for comprehensive modification of international and internal law. In addition, The nature of National contract for peace and unification, as a people's law, should be considered as soft law which has the power to realize its contents through the enactment of legislation and policy. In order to guarantee the establishment and effectiveness of National contract for peace and unification, the setting of organization is need to determine the range of representatives, who participate in the process of contract making, procedure of contract and to carry out the contract after the conclusion of National contract for peace and unification. For the reason, the Council of National Contract for Peace and Unification as a independent administrative government committee and 'Act on National Contract for Peace and Unification' is needed.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ${\Delta}L\;and\;{\Delta}f$. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.198-203
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• 2004

This paper describes a real-time control architecture for DUSAUV (Dual Use Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), which has been developed at Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), KORDI, for being a test-bed oj development of technologies for underwater navigation and manipulator operation. DUSAUV has three built-in computers, seven thrusters for 6 degree of freedom motion control, one 4-function electric manipulator, one pan/tilt unit for camera, one ballasting motor, built-in power source, and various sensors such as IMU, DVL, sonar, and so on. A supervisor control system for GUI and manipulator operation is mounted on the surface vessel and communicates with vehicle through a fiber optic link. Furthermore, QNX, one of real-time operating system, is ported on the built-in control and navigation computers of vehicle for real-time control purpose, while MicroSoft OS product is ported on the supervisor system for GUI programming convenience. A hierarchical control architecture which consist of three layers (application layer, real-time layer, and physical layer) has been developed for efficient control system of above complex underwater robotic system. The experimental results with implementation of the layered control architecture for various motion control of DUSAUV in a basin of KRISO is also provided.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.82-88
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an intelligibility enhancement algorithm for multimedia contents using spectral shaping. The dialogue signals is essential to understand the plot of audio-visual media contents such as movie and TV. However, the non-dialogue components as like sound effects and background music often degrade the dialogue clarity. To overcome this problem, this paper tries to improves the dialogue clarity of audio soundtracks which contain important cues for the visual scenes. In the proposed method, the dialogue components are first detected by soft masker based on speech presence probability (SPP) which is widely used in speech enhancement field. Then, extracted dialogue signals are applied to the spectral shaping method. It reallocate the spectral-temporal energy of speech to enhanced the intelligibility. The total energy is maintained as unchanged via a loudness normalization process to prevent saturation. The algorithm was evaluated using the modeled and real movie soundtracks and it was shown that the proposed algorithm enhances the dialogue clarity while preserving the total audio power.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1029-1038
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• 2018

A superposition-iteration (S-I) model is proposed to simulate the jet grouting pre-reinforcing impact for a shallow-buried tunnel. The common model is deduced by theoretical (force equilibrium) analysis and then transformed into the numerical formulation. After applying it to an actual engineering problem, the most obvious deficiency was found to be continuous error accumulation, even when the parameters change slightly. In order to address this problem, a superposition-iteration model is developed based on the basic assumption and superposition theory. First, the additional deflection between two successive excavation steps is determined. This is caused by the disappearance of the supporting force in the excavated zone and the soil pressure in the disturbed zone. Consequently, the final deflection can be obtained by repeatedly superposing the additional deflection to the initial deflection in the previous steps. The analytical solution is then determined with the boundary conditions. The superposition-iteration model is thus established. This model was then applied and found to be suitable for real-life engineering applications. During the calculation, the error induced by the ill-conditioned problem of the matrix is easily addressed. The precision of this model is greater compared to previous models. The sensitivity factors and their impact are determined through this superposition-iteration model.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.9 s.280
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• pp.618-623
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• 2005

HTGR (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor) is highlighted to next generation power plant for producing the clean hydrogen gas. In this study, the spherical $UO_2$ kernel via $UO_3$ gel particles was prepared by the sol-gel process. Raw material of slightly Acid Deficient Uranyl Nitrate (ADUN) solution, which has pH = 1.10 and $[NO_3]/[U]$ mole ratio = 1.93, was obtained from dissolution of $U_3O_8$ powder with conc.-$HNO_3$. The surface of these spherical $UO_3$ gel particles, which was prepared from the broth solution, consisted of 1 M-uranium, 1 M-HMTA, and urea, were covered with the fine crystallite aggregates, and these particles were so hard that crushed well. But the other $UO_3$ gel particles prepared with the broth solution, consisted of 2 M-uranium, 2 M-HMTA, and urea, have soft surface characteristics and an amorphous phase. This type of $UO_3$ gel particles is some chance of doing possibility of high density from the compaction. The amorphous $UO_3$ gel particles was converted to $U_3O_8$ and then $UO_2$ by calcination at $600^{\circ}C\;in\;4\%\;-\;H_2\;+\;N2$ atmosphere.