• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.503-517
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• 2018

Keeping in view the expediency of soft sets in algebraic structures and as a mathematical approach to vagueness, in this paper the concept of lattice ordered soft near rings is introduced. Different properties of lattice ordered soft near rings by using some operations of soft sets are investigated. The concept of idealistic soft near rings with respect to lattice ordered soft near ring homomorphisms is deliberated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 1993

Surveyed results on the slope of grain and the twist of sawn lumber of Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, and Pinus densiflora were summarized as follows: 1. The slope of grain of Pinus koraiensis has a Z-grain in the stem axis. The slope of grain was found to be the lowest at near to the pith and then constantly increased. At the height of 0.2m from the base of stem. a cross section of 35 annual rings was found to have a repeatedly increasing and decreasing slope of grain and then constantly decreased. At the height of 1.2m to 7.2m from the base of stem, the slope of grain increased conspicuously until the 10th annual ring, after which it increased near to the bark with repeatedly increasing and decreasing trends. 2. Pinus densiflora has a S-grain in the stem axis. The lowest slope of grain was found at near to the pith, and the highest in the 10 to 35 annual rings from the pith. 3. Larix leptolepis has a S-grain. At the height of 3.2m from the base of stem, the big fluctuation of the slope of grain was found without any particular trend. 4. The slope of grain and the twist between natural and reforested timber of Pinus koraiensis were found to be almost the same trend in viewpoint of the annual ring. The maximum slope of grain of imported Siberian timber of Pinus koraiensis was found at the 10 annual rings, which was quite similar to that of native species in Korea, but the big difference of the twist was found at 140 annual rings. 5. The twist was little at the mature wood of reforested Pinus koraiensis and Siberians and the duplicated part of mature and juvenile woods of those. On the contrary, the twist was great at the duplicated part of mature and juvenile woods of Pinus koraiensis. 6. The twist of Larix leptolepis showed the S-direction which coincided with that of slope of grain. The twist was greatest at the part of juvenile wood and little at the duplicated part of mature and juvenile woods, and little difference of twist was found between mature and juvenile woods. 7. Siberian larix having a minimum slope of grain showed the lowest twist, and the twist at the duplicated part of mature and juvenile woods showed a middle level of both mature and juvenile woods' portions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.591-604
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• 1996

The surgical hand scrub (SHS) is the single most important procedure in the prevention of post-operative wound infections and yet it remains the most violated of all infection control procedures. The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of SHS habits in operative th atre personnel and to determine knowledge and attitudes to identify whether there is a need for improvement. The subjects for this study included 79 doctors and 94 nurses working in the operative th atres of four hospitals in Incheon City and Kyungki Province. Related data were collected from July 25 to August 10, 1995 by the author. The data were analyzed using descriptive stat-istics and Chi-squre test. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Nurses felt that they conducted SHS for a longer period of time than doctors did(X=20.1, P=.005). 2. Nurses and doctors had some knowledge of slip-ping rings off fingers and the length of nails, but they lacked knowledge on the duration of SHS, handwashing after an operation and on manicure. 3. There were many reasons given for insufficient SHS included : 1) because they were so busy (38%). 2) brushes were too harsh(19.7%). 3) operations were very simple(18.7%). 4) surgical latex gloves provide functional barrier(11.6%). 5) SHSs were troublesome(7.4%) 6) there were no clocks near the sinks(2.5%) and 7) the operative patients were administered antibiotics after operartion(2.1%). 4. Most of nurses and doctors considered SHS to be important in prevention against post operative infections. 5. Nurses were found to do a thorough SHS, but residents were found to neglect SHS. 6. Considering prevention against postoperative infections, most nurses and doctors considered aseptic techniques, environment-sanitary management and SHS more important than the use of antibiotics, the resistance of patients or the method of operation. 7. Half of the nurses and doctors(54.3%) considered surgical latex gloves to function well as a barrier. 8. Half of the nurses (56.4%) and doctors(51.9%) learned SHS as part of the curriculum in their school education and the rest(nurses : 95.7%, doctors : 74.7%) learned SHS as part of their In Service Education. In conclusion, these findings suggest a need to develop an educational program on surgical hand scrub and hospital infection control for surgical personnels, to install clocks near the hand scrub sinks, to consider a violation report for negligent surgical hand scrubs, and to develop a soft brush for hand scrubs in order to increase performance of the surgical hand scrub.