• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.237-240
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we design the system that support data rate of 6Mbps(BPSK), 12Mbps(QPSK), 24Mbps(16-QAM) with OFDM, and the performance of this system analyze in the indoor channel when BER is 10$\^$-3/. In this simulation, first, we analyze performance of the system with and without channel coding. As the result, the coding gain of each system is 2㏈, 1.6㏈, 2㏈ when BER is 10$\^$-3/ Second, In the case of 16-QAM/OFDM, The effect of soft decision channel decoding method improve 2㏈ than hard decision when BER is 10$\^$-3/.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2002

This study was intended to identify fabric impact on decision-making process for clothing purchase, to determine evaluation factors of clothing, and to analyze consumer's preference for fabric on clothing purchase. 396 questionnaires distributed to college students were analyzed by descriptive statistics, oneway ANOVA, correlation, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. The results are as follows; (1) Fabric impacted on the pre-purchase evaluation and the post-purchase process. (2) 4 factors - physical properties, outer-consciousness, self-satisfaction, and appropriateness- were determined as evaluation factors. Though fabric was included in the physical properties, fabric presented high correlations with other evaluative elements. (3) The most preferred fabric was being composed of natural fiber in fiber contents and having softness in sensation. As a result of multidimensional scaling, 2 dimensions of fabric sensation were developed as 'soft-hard'and 'thin-thick'.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN에 적합한 16QAM/OFDM 시스템의 성능을 AWGN과 two-ray 다중 경로 페이딩 채널에서 시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하고 성능 향상을 위한 방법으로 비터비 복호를 하는 길쌈 부호와 단일 탭의 LMS 등화기를 사용한다. 길쌈 부호를 사용하면 AWGN과 다중 경로 페이딩 채널에서 각각 경판정(hard-decision)은 2dB, 6 dB, 연판정(soft-decision)은 4.5 dB, 10 dB의 이득을 얻는다. 또한 다중 경로 페이딩 환경에서 경판정 비터비 복호와 단일 탭의 LMS 등화기를 함께 사용하는 경우에는 경판정 복호만을 사용하는 경우보다 5 dB 향상됨을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1998.07g
• /
• pp.2470-2472
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we proposed the method to improve the performance of Viterbi decoder by applying Concatenated structure. Proposed decoder for Concatenated Code is designed with inner Viterbi decoder, block deinterleaver and outer Viterbi decoder. Inner Viterbi decoder (K=7, R=1/2) has 8-level soft decision, but outer decoder (K=7, R= 1/2) has 2-level hard decision. Applied interleaving scheme make decoder to have better BER performance in Concatenated code. The designed VLSI shares inner decoder with outer decoder. Because of sharing structure, complexity of decoder can be reduced to half. But it required about twice clock speed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.268-277
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the system performance with the convolution code using a Viterbi decoding and the one tap LMS equalizer applied to the OFDM system, which is suitable for IEEE 802.1la wireless LAN in indoor wireless channel, is analyzed through computer simulation. Indoor wireless channel is modeled as Rician fading channel, and QPSK and 16QAM scheme are used for subchannel modulation. In Rician fading channel with the power ratio of the direct path signal to the scattered signals, K=5 dB, BER of $10^{-4}$ is satisfied if the SNRs of the QPSK/OFDM and the 16QAM/OFDM are 8.6 dB and 19.2 dB in hard decision and 5.3 dB and 9.8 dB in soft decision, respectively. Compared with convolution code scheme, it is observed that 16QAM/OFDM system with the one tap LMS equalizer has the performance improvement of 8.6 dB and 2 dB in hard decision and soft decision, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.7A
• /
• pp.515-522
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a novel transmission scheme with spatial modulation is proposed for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, so-called spatial modulation (SM), divides input data into antenna index and data signals, transmitting data signals through the specific antenna chosen by the antenna index. In order to retrieve data stream at the receiver, SM needs to detect the antenna index which means that data signals are transmitted via a certain antenna. For this reason, it should be guaranteed that channel matrix is orthogonal. For the real environment, a MIMO channel has difficulty in maintaining orthogonality due to spatial correlation. Moreover, the receiver of the conventional SM is operated by hard decision, so that this scheme has a limit to be adopted for practical systems. Therefore, soft-output demappers for the conventional and proposed schemes are derived to detect antenna index and data stream by soft decision, and a novel transmission scheme combined with spatial modulation is proposed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the conventional scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.7C
• /
• pp.616-626
• /
• 2007

In spatially multiplexed MIMO systems that enable high data rate transmission over wireless communication channels, the spatial demultiplexing at the receiver is a challenging task, and various demultiplexing methods have been developed recently by many researchers. Among the previous methods, maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MM)), and sphere decoding (SD) schemes have been reported to achieve a (near) maximum likelihood (ML) performance. In this paper, we propose a novel signal detection method that achieves a near ML performance in a computationally efficient manner. The proposed method is demonstrated via a set of computer simulations that the proposed method achieves a near ML performance while requiring a complexity that is comparable to that of the conventional MMSE-OSIC. We also show that the log likelihood ratio (LLR) values for all bits are obtained without additional calculation but as byproduct in the proposed detection method, while in the previous QRM-MLD, SD, additional computation is necessary after the hard decision for LLR calculation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we investigate the fundamental performance limits of the cooperative sensing using energy detection by considering the unlimited number of sensing nodes. Although a lot of cognitive radio research so far proposed various uses of energy detection because of its simplicity, the performance limits of energy detection have not been studied when a large number of sensing nodes exist. First, we show that when the sensing nodes see the independent and identically distributed channel conditions, then as the number of sensing nodes N goes to infinity, the OR rule of hard decision achieves zero of false alarm Pf for any given target probability of detection $\bar{P_d}$ irrespective of the non-zero received primary user signal to noise ratio ${\gamma}$. Second, we show that under the same condition, when the AND rule of hard decision is used, there exists a lower bound of $P_f$. Interestingly, however, for given $\bar{P_d}$, $P_f$ goes to 1 as N goes to infinity. Third, we show that when the soft decision is used, there exists a way of achieving 100% utilization of secondary user, i.e., the sensing time overhead ratio goes to zero so does $P_f$.We verify our analyses by performing extensive simulations of the proposed unlimited cooperative sensing. Finally, we suggest a way of incorporating the unlimited cooperative sensing into a practical cellular system such as long term evolutionadvanced by exploiting the existing frame structure of absolute blank subframe to implement the in-band sensing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we presented that the performance of the TCM(Trellis Coded Modulation) using the Euclidean distance is better than that of the convolutional code using the hamming distance under the same bandwidth efficiency. And the TCM DECODER for next generation mobile communication replacing the using convolutional decoder is implemented. Also, for the implementation of the TCM DECODER, the convolutional decoder and the TCM decoder were made by C-language and simulated under AWGN channel with respect to the hard decision and the soft decision. So we proved that performance of the TCM is better than that of the convolutional code. From this result, TCM DECODER, of which constraint length is 3, 5 or 7 and which use the soft decision method, was implemented using the AHDL(Altera Hardware Description Language) and fortified using the Max+plus H version 8.2 of Altera corporation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.47 no.11
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2010

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are the most widely used error correcting codes in digital communications and data storage. Recently, Sudan found algorithm of list decoder for RS codes. List decoder has larger decoding radius than conventional hard-decision decoding algorithms and return more than one candidate polynomial. But, the algorithm includes interpolation and factorization step that demand massive computations. In this paper, an efficient architecture and processing schedule are proposed. The architecture consists of R-MAC, memories, and control unit. The R-MAC computes both of RC and PU steps that are main part of the factorization algorithm. The proposed architecture can achieve higher hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) and throughput by using efficient processing schedule and memory architecture. Also, the architecture can be designed flexibly with scalability for various applications. We design and synthesize our architecture using Dongbu-Anam $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library and the maximum clock frequency is 330MHz.