• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-184
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• 2000

This study has investigated the degree of similarities and/or differences of consumption expenditure styles among the households with different occupation. Two types of analysis were performed. One was comparative analysis which used to identify the changes of consumption expenditure styles among different occupation classes using time-series data of 1977-1996 Korean Urban Household Expenditure Survey and Rural Household Economy Survey. The other was multivariate analysis to investigate the effects of occupation on consumption expenditure styles with 1551 sample household data from 1996 Korean Urban Household Expenditure Survey. The results showed that the differences in consumption styles among different occupation classes including farmers are diminished during last two decades while there still exist some degree of differences in consumption styles. After controlling other socio-economic factors it is found that occupation is a determinant of consumption patterns of urban w ge earners especially consumption for clothing and health items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.25
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• pp.41-62
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• 1995

This research was intended to investigate how risk perception and risk reduction behavior by consumers differ according to different product characteristics of clothing. The responses of 318 female college students living in Seoul and surrounding vicinities were collected and analyzed. Inner wear, blue-jean pants, coat were selected as representing each clothing product characteristics. Frequencies distribution, regression and correlation coefficient were utilized for statistical analysis. Results are as follows. 1. The type of perceived risk and risk reduction behavior differed according to product characteristics of clothing. Physical and performance risk were more highly perceived for the purchase of innerwear. However, for the purchase of jean pants and coat, socio-psycho-logical and economic risk were also perceived highly because the rate of fashion change, social symbolism, and coordination with other clothing items become more important characteristics. To reduce perceived risk, dependency on past purchase experiences and shop-ping were mostly preferred method regardless of product characteristics of clothing. 2. Risk type as determinant variables for predicting overall risk differed according to product characteristics of clothing. But fashionability and usefulness were common determinant risk variables, which identifies typical characteristics of clothing product.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 1999

This study aims to make detail examination of smallholder dairy farming systems in the Nongpho Dairy Cooperative. Forty-three dairy farms were selected from three geographical areas i.e. irrigated area, municipality area, and factory area. Within each area some number of sample farms were selected from each of the three levels of farm and animal crowdedness (very crowded, crowded, and not crowded farms). Detail data were collected during 1996 to 1997, they were socio-economic conditions of the sample farms and farmers, dairy production systems and management of resources (animals, bam, feeds, stocking rates, herd structure, animal body conditions, milk yield and milk quality, manure and farm wastes management, and other related items). Detail information useful for the improvement of farm production efficiency were discussed. It was very clear that much improvement of smallholder dairy production can be achieved if the recommendations given by this study were implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-256
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between housewives' home management behavior and communication in the family, and find family environmental variables related to home management behavior and communication in the family. In order to clarify the above stated problems, the data were obtained from questionnaires with 68items. The selected sample is composed of 395 housewives in Pusan. SAS Computer System was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results were as follow. (1) Home management behavior score showed 3.06(61.2%). Home management score of human-relationship was the highest, and that of house keeping was the lowest. (2) Home management behavior was influenced by educational level and scoioeconomic status. (3) Communication in family score showed 3.51(70.2%). Communication of housewife-husband score was lower than communication of housewife-children. (4) Communication in the family was influenced by housewives'age, educational level, numbers of children, duration of marriage and socio-economic status. (5) There were positive relation between home management behavior and communication in the family. (6) Influential variables related to home management behavior were communication in the family.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to obtain information on users' socio-economic characteristics, pattern of main use activities, and visit motivation in recreation forests. From June to September in 1994, respondents were selected 548 adults more than 18 years old from 6 recreation forests which were classified 3 recreation forest types as 2 recreation forest in national forest, 2 in public forest, and 2 in private forest. Analysis of data was conducted through frequency and factor analysis. The most of noticeable characteristics of users were rather 30's age group, high education level, company workers, city residents. The major preference activities in recreation forest were resting, enjoying green shower, and walking. In 24 items of visit motivation, resting, releasing stress, enjoying in a cool forest & valley, and contacting close to nature were high preference, while buying special product, and contacting close to nature were high preference, while buying special product, having enough and to money, observing wildlife, and training body & mind were low preference. The remarkable difference in 3 recreation forest types didn't present. Eight dimensions of motivation were classified through factor analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.85-100
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of brand name on perception of quality by social status variables [socio-economic status(s.e.s.), social mobility, and status inconsistencyl. Perception of quality of 2 clothing items was investigated in relation to brand name. The subjects were 606 homemakers, 30-40 years of age, living in Seoul. The influence of brand name on perception of quality was measured by 2 stimuli each out of 4 samples. The data was analyzed by ANOVA, Discriminant Analysis and t-test. Results showed that 1) the effect of influence of brand name on perception of quality was most evident in the upper S.E.S. class. 2) status inconsistency had no bearing on effect of influence of brand name of quality. 3) the upwardly mobile group evaluated the quality of clothing in terms of brand name.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.283-305
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for the social network of college students in Korea. The social network scale for college students in this paper was developed through 1) literature review and item development 2) focus-group meeting 3) depth-interview with college students 4) pilot-studies and 5) study. The scale of 23 items has been constructed with three features : The first is 'relational feature' with 2 items; the second 'structural feature' with 7 items; and the third 'functional feature' with 14 items. The functional feature in this social network scale has consisted of emotional, economic, spiritual, and socio-relational aspects and has been revealed to the validity and the reliability of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 0.716. This study would contribute for college students to solve the many problems in their own lives through the social networks.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.229-263
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• 2024

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the origins of the symbolic significance of traditional Korean talismanic ornaments such as dried pollack, bokjori (luck-bringing strainer), silk threads, and sokotture (a nose-block). Previous studies have primarily interpreted the magical meanings of these ornaments based on their shapes or functions, but such approaches are limited due to this likely being an ex-post-facto interpretation. This study argues that the symbolic meanings of these ornaments originated from the socio-economic characteristics of the time. These items were food resources or products closely related to the economic activities of the people of the time, and therefore, could be considered symbols of abundance and fortune. In particular, dried pollack served as an important food resource and commodity during the Late Joseon Dynasty, even functioning as a quasi-currency, and considering that fish are seen as symbols of abundance and fertility in various cultures around the world, its symbolic significance becomes clearer. Bokjori and sokotture acquired the meaning of abundance by being associated with major goods or properties of the time such as rice and cattle, and silk thread was linked to sericulture, a significant source of income for farmers of the time. These economic characteristics form the basis of the symbolism of these ornaments, and the function of these talismans can be seen as a secondary symbolism added in the process of social justification of these customs. This study reveals that economic motives underlie magical-religious customs and suggests that a broad consideration of the cultural and ecological environment of the time is necessary to understand the origins and transformations of cultural phenomena.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-106
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to verify the use of Seo's Elderly Stress Scale (SESS), which was developed in 1996. Through the modified tool, it is possible to examine the stress of Korean elders and to contribute to the welfare of them. The subjects were 350 elders over 65 years old who live in Seoul, Kwang-Ju, Yang-Ju Gun Kyung-ki Do, Ui-Jong Bu, and Young-Am Kun, Jeun-Ra Nam Do. the data of 331 elders (94%) were analyzed. Data were collected between January and March in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS Win 8.0. The result are as follows: 1. Items with low correlation with the total items were removed. So 27 items were removed and 37 items remained. This 37 items were death in the family and/or close friends, family member's behavior not meeting expectations, marriage of daughter, marriage of son, friction with daughter- in-law, argument among children, children refuse to live with parent, children leaving home, sex injury or accident, in frequest visits from children and grandchildren, providing care for your daughter or daughter-in-law post-partum, decrease in decision making and authority in home, Lunar new year and the harvest featival, house sitting, working in the house, performing a sacrificial rite, missed birthday, not living with the eldest son, decreased eyesight, decreased strength, decreased memory, sleep pattern changes, thoughts about death, loneliness, decreased hearing, change of dental condition, change in your diet or eating style, difficulty in self care, moving because of disease or aging, argument with friend or neighbour, travel, dealing with the procedure of heritage, loss of money or property, not enough pocket money, hearing on elderly neglect in television or radio, hope of going home and ignorant from others. 2. Overlapped items were discussed by colleagues and were modified. 'marriage of daughter' and 'marriage of son' were modified in 'marriage of children'. 'self injury or accidents' and 'family accidents' were modified in to self or family accidents. 3. Factor analysis was done in order to identify validity and three factors were obtained from the result. The first factor familial relation area, included 17 items. The second factor, physical area, included 9 items. The third factor, psycho-socio-economic area, included 9 items. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 35 items was .923. 4. Pearson's correlation was .704 between SESS and SOS (Symptoms of Stress) in order to confirm construct validity. Based on the result, the following is suggested; 1. The modified SESS needs to be reverified with elder. 2. Korean elder's health promotion can be made by development of stress intervention which was accurately measured with SESS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.110-124
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop community design evaluation factors for sustainable urban regeneration and to suggest considerations for sustainable community design by analyzing excellent community design cases. Through literature review, previous studies on the concept and core items of sustainable urban regeneration, and the concept and components of community design were considered. In addition, evaluation indicators for sustainable community design were developed in the socio-economic, physical, environmental, historical and cultural dimensions through the analysis of the linkage with the evaluation factors of community design through the analysis of previous studies. The evaluation index consists of 3 evaluation items and 9 items including social performance and participation at the social level, economic feasibility at the economic level, environmental characteristics at the physical and environmental level, accessibility, contextuality, locality at the historical and cultural level, identity, and artistry. Includes dog evaluation factors. Reliability and effectiveness are secured through the developed evaluation index and detailed description and expert verification. Exploratory factor analysis and expert interviews were conducted through the survey, and as a result of the analysis, the stability and Cronbach'α coefficients were verified, and the validity of the community design evaluation index considering sustainable urban regeneration was recognized through expert interview. The results of this study are considered meaningful in that they can provide basic data for the improvement of community design for sustainable urban regeneration in the future.