• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.303-325
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• 2007

This study explores the relationship between marketing activities and brand equity in nonprofit organizations, specifically investigating the relational linkage between four selected marketing mix elements and brand equity through the mediating role of brand equity dimensions. Employing a structural equation model, the study empirically tests research hypotheses and finds some important implication for brand equity creation strategies for nonprofits. The results show that brand association is the only dimension that is positively related to brand equity, reflecting the current donation market in Korea where nonprofits have such a low presence that donors have little knowledge and chance to identify their brands and to build trust relationships with them. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance and roles of promotion and process marketing efforts, as they are proved to enhance brand association. The study also finds that promotion is positively related to brand awareness and process contributes to perceived quality and brand loyalty. Based on these findings, the study suggest that nonprofits make further efforts on active promotion and process development to create positive, differentiated images and better accessibility, and finally improve their brand equity.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.83-108
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• 2007

Since the 1992 UN Conference for Environment and Development held in Rio de Jaineiro, Sustainable Development has become the global thesis. More than 170 countries signed the Agenda 21 for the sustainable action plan, and adopted the sustainability concept as the key concept of dealing with the environmental, social, ethical, and economic problem. Sustainability is one of the main marketing challenges in the 21st century. By integrating social and ecological criteria, marketing may can make valuable contributions to sustainable development. Regarding the sustainability marketing, it is difficult to find the domestic marketing research on the thesis of sustainable development, and this is the definite evidence that the Korean marketing researchers do not realize the importance of the thesis of sustainable development which is internationally suggested as the new paradigm of change. The purpose of this study is to build the conceptual background and explore the research direction in order to introduce and adopt the concept of sustainable development in the domestic marketing research field. The present paper proposes a comprehensive conception of sustainability marketing, defined by six step: analysis of social-ecological problems; analysis of consumer behavior; normative sustainability marketing; strategic sustainability marketing; instrumental sustainability marketing; and transformative sustainability marketing. The aim of the paper are to clarify the concept of sustainability marketing. To accomplish this research purpose we discuss the sustainable development which is the conceptual background of sustainability marketing, analyze the characteristics of the sustainability marketing, and finally summarize the research results and present the suggestions for further research. Sustainability marketing embraces the idea of sustainable development, a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Sustainability Marketing goes beyond conventional marketing thinking. If marketing is about satisfying customer needs and building profitable relationships with customers, sustainability marketing may be defined as building and maintaining sustainable relationships with customers, the social environment and natural environment. By creating social and environmental value, sustainability marketing tries to deliver and increase customer value. Sustainability Marketing aims at creating customer value, social value and environmental value. Sustainability marketing integrates social and ecological criteria into the whole process of marketing, and can be differentiated in six steps: (1) Analysis of the social and ecological problems, generally and specifically with respect to products which satisfy customer needs and wants; (2) Analysis of customer behavior with special aspect to social and ecological concerns; (3) Corporate commitments to sustainable development in the mission statement, development of sustainability visions, formulation of sustainable principles and guideline, setting of socio-ecological marketing objectives and goals (normative aspects of sustainability marketing); (4) Sustainability segmentation, targeting and positioning, and timing of market entry(strategic aspects of sustainability marketing); (5)Integration of social and ecological criteria into the marketing-mix, i.e. products, services and brands, pricing, distribution and communication(instrumental aspects of sustainability marketing); (6) Participation in public and political change processes, which transform existing institutions towards sustainability(transformative aspects of sustainability marketing). The first two steps begin with an analysis of the company situation. In sustainability marketing it is crucial not just to know consumer needs and wants, but also to find out about the ecological and social problems of products along their whole life cycle. The intersection of socio-ecological problems and consumer wants sets the ground for sustainability marketing. Step three to five describe the implementation of sustainability marketing. Social and ecological criteria are fully integrated into the mission statement, strategies and marketing-mix. Step six is one of the specifics of sustainability marketing. It is about the commitment of company to sustainable development and their active participation in public and political processes in order to change the existing framework in favor of sustainability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-57
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of publicness in social services. Recently, it has been argued that publicness be one of the key elements of social services even under the current social service marketization. Although publicness has been discussed in different ways in various academic areas, there is no consensus of what publicness really means, especially in social services. Therefore, reviewing discussions on publicness, this study intends to discover commonly shared aspects of publicness, and ultimately to suggest meanings of publicness in social services. This study also attempts to discuss whether different types of social service producers require different types of publicness under the context of welfare mix and social service marketization. The publicness in social services is related to various aspects: the scope of service recipients, trust toward social services, appropriate composition of services, social integration, role of government, and public accountability. Also it is suggested that the specific meaning and contents of publicness can be used in different ways for each social service producer, such as public, nonprofit, or profit sector. The study has academic and practical implications. This study provides the basis for further empirical studies on publicness academically and for implementation of publicness in the field of social services practically.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.660-674
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• 2014

This paper analyzes the social cohesion effects of creative industrial as a core role player of emerging new economic paradigm of the creative economy using the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) that is a typical cluster of creative industries in Korea. This study reclassified the creative industries in a Korean context into 13 industries in 6 sectors. Based on this reclassification, the study found out that the spatial pattern of creative industries in SMA is spatially much differentiated in terms of specialization, which demands more differentiated cluster strategy with different policy mix. This paper also investigates the social cohesion effects of creative industries using structural equation modelling. It turns out that the growth of creative industries is likely to contribute to the regional development capacity and also to provide positive effects on various aspects of the social cohesion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.209-245
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• 2018

In this study, various performance types, the combinations of the performance types for growth were investigated to suggest viable policy recommendations for the sustainable growth of social enterprises. The data of the economic and social performance of social enterprises from 2011 to 2016 were obtained and the changes were investigated. Among total of 235 social enterprises that participated in Cho et al, 2011, the research subjects were 164 social enterprises, which were still being operated in March, 2018. The performance of 6 years, since 2011, was surveyed, and total of 104(recovery factor: 69.8%) of social enterprises were analyzed using the growth mixture model, cross tabulation. First of the results, the latent trajectory classes of sales, which are of economic performance, were investigated through the analysis of growth mixture model. The optimal model including three latent classes was adopted. The three latent classes were named as 'mature sales type', 'growing sales type', and 'average sales type'. Second, the latent trajectory classes of employment rate, which are of social performance, were investigated. The optimal model including three latent classes was adopted. The three latent classes were named as 'average employment type', 'declining employment type', and 'increasing employment type'. Third, cluster in $3{\times}3$ tabulation, which is a distribution of the latent trajectory classes of social performance based on the latent trajectory classes of economic performance of social enterprises, was looked into.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2011

The study aims to analyse whether Korea and Taiwan have reduced the elderly poverty effectively through income transfer system in a comparative perspective. It covers 12 Western welfare states and 2 East Asian welfare states(korea and Taiwan). Utilising Luxembourg Income Study(LIS) datasets, empirical analyses focus on old-age income mix and poverty reduction effects of income transfer. Major findings are as follows. Frist, whilst public transfer income takes a major part in old-age income mix in Western welfare states, Korea and Taiwan reveal genuine mixed states - i.e., the relative proportion of private transfers and market income are high. Secondly, public transfers have effectively reduced the old-age poverty in Western welfare state. However, thirdly, those effects are still limited in Korea and Taiwan. Rather, the poverty reduction effects of private transfers are relatively high. Based on the empirical findings, the study suggests future research agendas and policy implications.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2019

This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2018 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a manual for System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analyzing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, scale and trends of the total CHE financing as well as public-private mix are parsed in depth. In the case of private financing, estimation of total expenditures for (revenues by) provider groups (HP) is made from both survey on the benefit coverage rate of National Health Insurance (by National Health Insurance Service) and Economic Census and Service Industry Census (by National Statistical Office); and other pieces of information from Korean Health Panel Study, etc. are supplementarily used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of Korea's gross domestic product (GDP). It was a big increase of 12.8 trillion won, or 9.7%, from the previous year. GDP share of Korean CHE has already been close to the average of OECD member countries. Government and compulsory schemes' share (or public share), 59.8% of the CHE in 2018, is much lower than the OECD average of 73.6%. 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of total revenue of health financing was 16.9% in Korea, lower than the other social insurance countries. When it comes to 'compulsory contributory health financing schemes,' 'transfers from government domestic revenue' share of 13.5% was again much lower compared to Japan (43.0%) and Belgium (30.1%) with social insurance scheme.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.333-360
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• 2016

Social Impact Bonds(SIBs) has emerged as a promising way to finance proven social services programs, fund what works, and drive government accountability and has increased fast. In this context, this study examines and classifies the structure of SIB focusing key criteria of the main steps through two-step cluster analysis. Analysis results are as follows. First, the main commissioners of SIB are the ministries of the central government. And in terms of the stage of invest, there are usually two or three investors mainly consisting of social finance organizations. Second, in terms of target and age of SIB beneficiaries, it focuses on the adolescent and youth. Third, in the outcome evaluation stage, the results show that in most cases outcome payments are determined by a validation of service provider or government administrative data. However, the rate of payments are based on the comparison of the program beneficiaries to other comparable groups is 23.8%. Finally, The results of two-step cluster analysis are as; 'mix of central government and social finance organization', 'multiple agent including private organization', and 'multiple social provider'. Among three types, 'multiple agent including private organization' shows the most active participation between agents and the most systematic outcome measurement and management. The results of this study imply that the importance of the method to manage and measure outcome in SIB structure. Moreover, the consist of commissioners or investors is needed to expanded more.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.229-235
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• 2019

Currently, Korean society has seen a rapid increase in international marriages since the mid-1990s, and the number of their children entering school age has been increasing every year in recent years. With the growing number of students with parents from various social and cultural backgrounds in our society, the difficulties they face are emerging as a new social problem that we should pay attention to and solve. Although the difficulties they are experiencing vary depending on their parents' nationality, social, economic status, and attitude toward raising their children, it is generally reported that they are suffering from language barriers in elementary school, study barriers in high school, and friendship barriers in middle school. In particular, the school started this research based on the problem that when students from multi cultural families did not mix well with ordinary students and could not narrow the distance between them, they could become adults and enter society in the future, causing social conflict.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.177-190
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• 2020

This study aims to present explicit findings from an internal perspective, namely the interaction patterns of marketing communication between pentahelix elements and testing the expectations of tourists towards tourism activities through a simulation model between variables. This study is divided into two methods of analysis, namely qualitative explorative, where the study aims to invest in communication patterns and patterns of interaction between pentahelix stakeholders in Sitiwinangun Tourism Village, West Java, Indonesia with involve 17 informants who came from pentahelix elements (Government, academics, community, business and media). Second, quantitative method to measure the extent of effectiveness rather than collaboration activities and the role of marketing communication to tourist satisfaction is done by an analytical approach involving 30 tourists through customer satisfaction surveys. The results of this study illustrate that the involvement of each pentahelix element has not been maximized. The pattern of interaction and communication between elements also shows the gap between interests, expectations, and reality. This study provides a real picture that to realize a tourism program that is profitable, holistic, and sustainable requires collaboration that is wrapped with transparent and interactive communication patterns. The marketing communication concept approach combined with collaboration theory between stakeholders can be useful for sustainable tourism.