• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

This study uses the concepts of mental accounting and coupling in consumption to demonstrate a systematic relationship between behavioral costs, sunk costs, coupling, and user intention to discontinue social network services (SNS) use. An analysis of 213 SNS users found that coupling and sunk costs are two major factors that influence an individual's intention to discontinue SNS use. An interesting finding of this study is that the perception of coupling is created by behavioral costs in the context of an SNS. This finding implies that the source of cost perception when perceiving coupling may differ depending on whether the product or service is traditional or web-based. These results contribute to an expansion of the theoretical discussion of individual-level discontinuance intention after adopting SNS by conceptualizing the perception of coupling.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This study aims to propose a method for the estimation of operational delay cost using transportation card data in bus accidents. Average operational delay time from bus accidents was surveyed among 12 bus companies through an interview method. Then, the operational delay cost was estimated using actual traffic accident data and transportation card data. Results showed that average loss time per bus accident was found to be 45 minutes. In addition, total occupancy of 659 was estimated for the accidents investigated using transportation card data, resulting a total loss time of 494.25 hours. An estimated operational delay cost was 186.9 thousand won per accident, which was 6.37% of social agency cost. The magnitude of this number implied that operational delay cost may have a significant impact on traffic accident cost if included.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2018

In this study, only 2,877 men, 2,614 men (44.6%), and 143 women (2.3%) were selected as the subjects who were over 18 years old in response to the health consciousness of the Korean medical panel data in 2012. Emergency of smokers through medical use and medical expenditure data by smoking. The social costs were estimated through medical expenses according to the number of hospitalization and outpatient medical use. The social cost was calculated by summing the social expenditure on health care costs, insurer (corporation) costs, copayment, non - salary, and productivity costs by adopting the social perspective established by the health economist Rice (1968). The rate of annual emergency medical use by smoking status is 7.5% for smokers per 100 people, 9.8 times for use, and 809,003 won for social expenses. The annual rate of hospitalization per 100,000 population by smoking status was 9.6% for smokers per 100 population, 9 times for use, The social cost is 706,870 won. Annual smoking rate by smoking status was 68.6% for smoking, 9 cases for annual medical use,

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2010

It is an social issue that is various claim related on the defect of apartment house. The cost of defect repair is the most important matter that residents dispute constructers with the huge time wasting and cost loss. For resolve the matter of defect claim, it must to be analyze to the cost property that study and find to pending issue about the cost of defect repair. Therefore this study is investigated the cost property of defect repair relation on correlation analysis and regression analysis around the judgement cost. Consequently, cost of the judgment is associated with cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair, is recognizable as them that is closely connected. Meanwhile, the more time of take effect and time of lawsuit increase, the more cost of the judgment decrease by draw the regression equation. On the contrary, there are same aspects in the case on the cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2013

Purpose: There is a growing concern for the cost management of medical institutions. The purpose of this study was to estimate Activity-Based Costing (ABC) for dental implant cost. ABC refers to allocating resources or cost based on the activities of services. Materials and methods: A dental institution located in the metropolitan area was selected in this study. The tax accounting data of the institution were utilized to confirm total cost, and the institution was asked to make out clinical activities to figure out what activities were carried out. The direct cost and indirect cost for dental implant were separately estimated, and cost driver was analyzed to estimate the indirect cost accurately. Results: The rates of the direct and indirect cost respectively stood at 35.8 and 49.5 percent. The cost for a dental implant was found to be approximately 1,579 won, and the cost of prosthetic surgery and treatment that included implant surgery accounted for the largest portion of the cost, which was 470 thousand won (30%). And the weight of training and education on dentistry was relatively higher than that of the other kinds of treatment. Conclusion: In order to ensure accurate and scientific costing for dental implant, not only direct medical procedure but every pre- and post-procedure activity should fully be taken into account. Pre-activities, post-activities, education and training are included in the indirect cost, but all these activities are mandatory and associated with the quality of treatment and the satisfaction level of patients.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.570-582
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• 2017

In recent years, national and local government's air quality management and climate change adaptation policy has been significantly strengthened. The measures in the two policies may be in a relationship of trade-off or synergy to each other. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants are mostly emitted from the same sources of using considerable amounts of fossil fuels. Co-benefits, in which either measure has a positive effect on the other, may be maximized by reducing the social costs and by consolidating the objectives of the various policies. In this study, the co-benefits were examined by empirically analyzing the effects of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emission reduction, social cost, and cost effectiveness between the two policies. Of the total 80 projects, the next 12 projects generated co-benefits. They are 1) extend restriction area of solid fuel use, 2) expand subsidy of low-$NO_x$ burner, 3) supply hybrid-vehicles, 4) supply electric-vehicles, 5) supply hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, 6) engine retrofit, 7) scrappage of old car, 8) low emission zone, 9) transportation demand management, 10) supply land-based electric of ship, 11) switching anthracite to clean fuel in private sector, 12) expand regional combined-energy supply. The benefits of air pollutants and greenhouse gas-related measures were an annual average of KRW 2,705.4 billion. The social benefits of the transportation demand management were the highest at an annual average of KRW 890.7 billion, and followed by scrappage of old cars and expand regional combined-energy supply. When the social benefits and the annual investment budgets are compared, the cost effectiveness ratio is estimated to be about 3.8. Overall, the reduction of air pollutants caused by the air quality management policy of Gyeonggi-do resulted in an annual average of KRW 4,790.2 billion. In the point sources management sector, the added value of $CO_2$ reduction increased by 4.8% to KRW 1,062.8 billion, while the mobile sources management sector increased by 3.6% to KRW 3,414.1 billion. If social benefits from $CO_2$ reduction are added, the annual average will increase by 7.2% to KRW 5,135.4 billion. The urban and energy management sectors have shown that social benefits increase more than twice as much as the benefits of $CO_2$ reduction. This result implies that more intensive promotion of these measures are needed. This study has significance in that it presents the results of the empirical analysis of the co-benefits generated between the similar policies in the air quality management and the climate change policy which are currently being promoted in Gyeonggi-do. This study suggested that the method of analyzing the policy effect among the main policies in the climate atmospheric policy is established and the effectiveness and priority of the major policies can be evaluated through the policy correlation analysis based on the co-benefits. It is expected that it could be a basis for evaluation the efficiency of the climate change adaptation and air quality management policies implemented by the national and local governments in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1990

The first-best pricing rule which achieves economic efficiency is to equate price with marginal cost. Since public transport demand is derived from some other demand, the user cost as well as the producer cost are considered in its pricing. The optimal price is derived from a derivative of the total social cost with respect to demand. In case of the bus, if there is enough capacity for demand increase, the optimal price is determined by the marginal producer cost resulting from bus sped decrease and by the marginal user cost resulting from journey time increase. Both are caused by boarding and fare collecting time of an additional passenger. Because of the budget constraints, the marginal cost pricing cannot be applied in practice. Then price discrimination as the second-best pricing is introduced. The Ramsey pricing, to charge different prices for different demand elasticities, and nonuniform prices such as travelcards can be applied. However, there is practical difficulty in implementing these prices because of great informational requirements, the costs of administration and the ease to users.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence financial transfers between married women aged 20-40 and their parents and parents-in-law. In particular, we examine whether there is any reciprocity between parental support for the cost of marriage formation and financial resource transfers from married children to their parents and parents-in-law. Data from the 2009 wave of the Survey of Marriage and Childbirth were analyzed. Among married women who have been married for over 16 years, we find that the probability of them giving financial resources to their parents increases in line with the parental support they received to help their marriage formation cost. Therefore, we confirm that there is reciprocity between parental support for the cost of marriage formation cost and children's financial support provision for parents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative deprivation of the households in poverty, comparing with the households in non-poverty, and to find out the characteristics of household groups by the level of relative deprivation. The data for this study was from the 6th Korea Welfare Panel Survey(KOWEPS), consisting of total 5,552 households. The results are as follows: There were statistically significant differences in the objective cost of living, the subjective minimum cost of living, and the subjective adequate cost of living between households in poverty and households in non-poverty. There was statistically significant difference in the relative deprivation between households in poverty and households in non-poverty. Poverty was the factor for the relative deprivation of households.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the evaluation standard of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building. Evaluation items of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building were used life cycle cost, energy consumption(ton of oil equivalent), green house gas emissions(ton of carbon dioxide) and maximum power demand. Life cycle cost is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. The social concern with green house gas and maximum power demand of architectural equipment field has been growing for the last several years.