• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of women workers. Method: Data were collected from 237 women workers from industries such as electronics, food production and garment production, and analyzed by LISREL 8.54. Result: The fitness indices of the model are GFI=.87, NNFI=.91, PNFI= .74. Eight out of the ten paths were proved to be statistically significant: work environment$\rightarrow$social support, work environment$\rightarrow$health behavior, work environment$\rightarrow$-WMSDs, domestic work$\rightarrow$health behavior, social support$\rightarrow$health behavior, social support$\rightarrow$job satisfaction, health behavior$\rightarrow$job satisfaction, and job satisfaction$\rightarrow$WMSDs. Work environment. social support, health behavior and job satisfaction significantly influenced WRMDs. WRMDs were accounted for 35% by the predictor variables. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study identifies that work environment, social support, health behavior and job satisfaction are important factors affecting WMSDs. Therefore, in order to prevent WRMDs, it is most important to improve both physical work environment for female workers such as appropriate work station and tools fit for them and psychological environment such as less job demand and more decision latitude(worker control).

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 수면장애 아동을 대상으로 사회적 이야기(social story)를 적용한 연구를 대상으로 중재효과를 체계적으로 고찰하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2001년에서 2022년까지 데이터베이스 Scopus, ScienceDirect, psycArticles, Pubmed에 게재된 문헌들을 대상으로 하였다. 검색어는 'social story' OR 'social stories' AND 'sleep' OR 'sleep disorders' OR 'sleep wake disorder bedtimes' OR 'sleep initiation' and 'maintenance disorders' OR 'sleep wake disorder' OR 'sleep arousal disorder'을 사용하였다. 선정 기준에 따라 최종적으로 6편의 실험연구를 선정하여 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 분석 대상 문헌은 무작위 대조 실험연구는 2편, 개별 실험연구가 3편, 사례연구가 1편이었다. 대상자는 진단별로는 자폐스펙트럼 아동, 연령별로는 학령기와 청소년기가 가장 많았다. 중재유형은 사회적 이야기와 다른 중재를 함께 포함한 복합중재가 많았고, 중재 기간은 1일부터 40일 이상으로 다양하였다. 중재 효과로는 수면의 질에 긍정적인 효과를 보였으며, 그중에서도 야간 각성(night walking), 수면 시작 지연(sleep onset delay), 수면 불안(sleep anxiety)이 개선되었다. 사회적 이야기의 효과를 평가하는 도구로는 표준화된 평가에서는 아동 수면 습관 설문지(children's sleep habits questionnaire)와 아동 행동 체크리스트(child behavior checklist)를 가장 많이 사용하였고, 비표준화된 평가로는 인터뷰(interview), 수면일기 (Sleep diary)를 사용한 연구가 많았다. 결론 : 본 연구는 수면장애가 있는 아동 및 청소년에게 사회적 이야기를 적용함으로써 임상에서 적용할 수 있는 수면 중재 방향을 모색하는 것에 의의가 있다. 사회적 이야기의 중재 효과로는 야간 각성(night wakings), 수면 시작 지연(sleep onset delay), 수면 불안(sleep anxiety) 영역이 개선된 연구들이 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 수면의 질의 세부 효과 영역은 대부분의 연구에서 중재 전후 유의한 개선을 나타냈으며, 본 연구에서 분석한 6편의 연구에서는 추적검사를 통해서 중재 효과에 대한 지속을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 사회적 이야기(social story)를 적용한 수면장애 아동의 중재 효과, 결과 평가 도구, 중재 기간을 제시함으로써 수면장애 아동을 대상으로 사회적 이야기(social story)를 임상에서 적용할 때 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1144-1153
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• 2018

Objective One of the areas of social cognition is Theory of Mind (ToM) is defined as the capacity to interpret, infer and explain mental states underlying the behavior of others. When social cognition studies on neurodevelopmental disorders are examined, it can be seen that this skill has not been studied sufficiently in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). Methods In this study, social cognition skills in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), SLD or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) evaluated before puberty and compared with controls. To evaluate the ToM skills, the first and second-order false belief tasks, the Hinting Task, the Faux Pas Test and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task were used. Results We found that children with neurodevelopmental disorders as ADHD, ASD, and SLD had ToM deficits independent of intelligence and language development. There was a significant correlation between social cognition deficits and problems experienced in many areas such as social communication and interaction, attention, behavior, and learning. Conclusion Social cognition is an important area of impairment in SLD and there is a strong relationship between clinical symptoms and impaired functionality.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

이 연구는 요인분석을 통해 아동 청소년 행동평가척도(Korean-Child Behavior Checklist: K-CBCL)가 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 정서와 행동적 문제를 평가하는 도구로 타당한지를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 자폐 범주성 장애 아동 248명을 대상으로 K-CBCL을 측정하고 요인분석을 실시하였다. 확인하고자 하는 요인 모델은 2요인 모델로 위축, 신체증상, 불안/우울의 내재화 문제와 비행과 공격성의 외현화 문제였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과, K-CBCL의 2요인 모델의 적합도 지수는 표준화적합지수 .964, 비교 적합지수 .975, 근사오차평균자승이중근은 .091로 나타나 모델의 부합도 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 확인적 요인분석을 통해 2요인 모델의 적합성을 확인한 후, 하위 요인들의 문항내적합치도를 알아보았다. 위축, 사회적 미성숙, 비행의 하위 요인의 문항내적합치도는 낮게 나타났으나, 내재화 문제, 외현화 문제, 총 문제행동 척도는 문항내적합치도가 적합한 수준으로 나타났다. K-CBCL은 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 정서와 행동적 문제를 평가한 도구로 타당한 도구임을 논의하였다.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2018

Objective: Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work has revealed that children/adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) show dysfunctional reward/non-reward processing of non-social reinforcements in the context of instrumental learning tasks. Neural responsiveness to social reinforcements during instrumental learning, despite the importance of this for socialization, has not yet been previously investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy children/adolescents and 19 children/adolescents with DBDs performed the fMRI social/non-social reinforcement learning task. Participants responded to random fractal image stimuli and received social and non-social rewards/non-rewards according to their accuracy. Results: Children/adolescents with DBDs showed significantly reduced responses within the caudate and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to non-social (financial) rewards and social non-rewards (the distress of others). Connectivity analyses revealed that children/adolescents with DBDs have decreased positive functional connectivity between the ventral striatum (VST) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) seeds and the lateral frontal cortex in response to reward relative to non-reward, irrespective of its sociality. In addition, they showed decreased positive connectivity between the vmPFC seed and the amygdala in response to non-reward relative to reward. Conclusion: These data indicate compromised reinforcement processing of both non-social rewards and social non-rewards in children/adolescents with DBDs within core regions for instrumental learning and reinforcement-based decision-making (caudate and PCC). In addition, children/adolescents with DBDs show dysfunctional interactions between the VST, vmPFC, and lateral frontal cortex in response to rewarded instrumental actions potentially reflecting disruptions in attention to rewarded stimuli.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2013

Objectives This paper aims to understand the emotional-biological pathogenesis of eating disorders, and translate the understanding into new brain directed treatments. Methods The first part of the review sets the eating behavior into the context of what is now understood about the central control of appetite and molecular biology. The second part of the review sees how emotion relates to the brain circuit involving eating disorders. Results In general, patients with anorexia nervosa restricting type were less sensitive to reward, whereas patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa binge purging type were more sensitive to it. The emotional life of people with eating disorders centers on food, weight, and shape. The abnormalities in social and emotional functioning both precede and persist outside of eating disorders. Conclusions Research into understanding the biological framework of the brain in eating disorders suggests that abnormalities may exist in emotional and information processing. This aspect can be translated into novel brain-directed treatments, particularly in anorexia nervosa.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

Objective : Individuals with anxiety disorders experience a wide range of time to seeking treatment (TST) as well as various comorbid mental disorders. The present study examined the TST in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder. This study aimed to find out the influence of comorbid mental disorder on TST of anxiety disorder through the comparison of SAD and panic disorder. Methods : This study included 311 SAD and 378 panic disorder patients at the initial visit of psychiatric clinic. Contribution of clinical (number of comorbidity, comorbid type and onset age) and demographic (current age) factors to TST were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results : The median length of TST was 14.03 years in SAD and 2.26 years in panic disorder. In social anxiety disorder, fewer comorbidity, younger onset age, and older age were factors associated with delayed TST. In panic disorder, only younger onset age was associated with delayed TST. In both disorders, comorbid depressive disorder was associated with shorter TST. Conclusion : Our data provided the differences in illness behavior needing help based on comorbid mental disorders between SAD and panic disorder. In addition to comorbid disorder, factors affecting TST of anxiety disorder requires future investigation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2021

Background: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been proposed as relevant to stress-induced behavioral change in humans. In this study, we examined the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CSDS-induced mood disorders and protein expression in an animal model. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KRG on social defeat stress, test mice were exposed in the resident aggressor's home cage compartment for 14 days beginning 1 h after KRG treatment (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.)). After the exposure, behavioral tests to measure anxiety, social interaction, and depression-like behavior were performed. To investigate the underlying mechanism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression levels in CSDS-induced mice were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Results: CSDS induced anxiety-like behaviors by decreasing central activity in the open-field test and open-arm approach in the elevated plus maze test and led to social avoidance behavior in the social interaction test. CSDS mice showed upregulated NR1, NR2A, and NR2B expression in the hippocampus. KRG 20 and 40 mg/kg ameliorated anxiety-like activities and KRG 20 mg/kg alleviated social avoidance by decreasing time in the corner zone. KRG treatment recovered CSDS-induced NR1, NR2A, and NR2B protein levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG has a therapeutic effect on CSDS-induced mood disorder by alleviating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor overexpression in the hippocampus.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.79-102
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• 2023

목적 : 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(Autistic Spectrum Disorders, 이하 ASD)는 비전형적 감각 적응, 의사소통 문제, 상동 행동 등이 특징인 발달 장애로 섭식장애가 흔하게 동반된다. ASD 아동의 섭식장애는 감각, 구강운동, 행동, 인지, 사회성 등 다양한 원인으로 발생하며 주요 증상으로는 까다로운 먹기, 선택적 먹기, 음식 거부, 새로운 음식 거부, 음식 다양성 제한, 음식 혐오 등 다양하다. 또한 건강 및 영양 섭취 문제, 섭식 발달, 섭식 관련 사회성, 가족과 보호자의 스트레스 등 다양한 문제가 동반되기도 한다. ASD 아동의 섭식장애는 출생 후부터 나타날 수 있으며 일반적으로 진단이 이루어지는 3세 이전에 발생하기 때문에 적절한 중재 제공 전 공백이 발생할 수 있다. 보통 섭식장애 증상은 연령이 증가할수록 감소되는 경향이 있으나 증상 자체는 남아 있는 경우가 많아서 조기 평가 및 중재, 지속적인 확인이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 ASD 아동의 섭식장애 특성과 영향을 주는 요인, 중재법에 대한 일반적인 내용을 문헌 고찰을 통해 확인하였다. 결론 : ASD 아동의 섭식장애 중재로는 감각 기반 중재와 행동 기반 중재가 일반적이다. 감각 기반 중재는 음식 민감성, 행동 기반 중재는 음식 선택성에 효과적인 방법이다. 또한 ASD 아동의 섭식장애 증상이 다양한 만큼 감각 및 행동 기반 중재를 기본으로 놀이와 참여, 구강운동, 식이와 일상생활까지 포함된 종합적인 접근이 필요하다. 그러나 아직 ASD 아동의 섭식장애 중재를 위한 적절한 평가와 중재 프로토콜 및 가이드라인이 부족한 상황으로 보다 체계적인 이해를 바탕으로 한 복합적인 접근이 필요하다. 작업치료사 등 연하재활 전문가는 종합적인 이해를 바탕으로 ASD 아동의 섭식장애 해결을 위한 적절한 평가 및 중재를 제공해야 할 것이다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to systematically review the studies on the effects of social story intervention on the individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) to provide the basis for evidence-based practice. Methods : In order to find out the studies on the effect of social story intervention on individuals with ASD, studies published from 2011 to December 2020 were searched on Google Academic Search. The keywords used were "autism spectrum disorder AND social story". A total of 16,900 studies were searched, and from these, 12 studies were selected based on the application of the selection and exclusion criteria. The included studies comprised of 10 single subject design studies and 2 randomized controlled trials design studies. The included studies were analyzed in accordance to population, intervention, outcome measures and results. Results : As a result of analysing the subjects of the included studies, we found out that pre-school children and adolescents were the most common groups of individuals diagnozsed with ASD. In addition to ASD, the diagnosis of the subjects included intellectual disability, Asperger, and Prader-willi. We found out that there were more interventions that were mixed with other interventions, than just the pure social story interventions. In particular, video modeling was found to be the most frequent intervention. This was followed by photo-based social stories. For outcome measure, autism social skills profile was found to be the most often used standardized assessment. For a non-standardized assessment, social desired behavior was found to be the most frequently evaluated behavior, followed by personal problem behavior. Of all the dependent variables, the dependent variable reported as "effective" was the most, followed by "some effective". Conclusion : This study is organized to help the individuals with ASD, families, researchers, and therapists understand the effects of social story intervention on the individuals with ASD in an easy fashion. Further, therapists can use this study as the basic data for evidence-based practice.