• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.258-276
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• 2022

The historical aspects, policies, institutions, awards and measurement results of scientific literacy and scientific culture development in Indonesia have currently attracted further exploration. This paper utilizes secondary data research, further analyzed by employing the Supplementary Analysis technique. The results revealed that the tradition of writing and publishing scientific journals in Indonesia has existed ever since the Dutch East Indies with the journal's publication entitled 'Natuurkundig tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië' in 1850. To date, Indonesia has owned 5,990 nationally accredited journals. Policy support has been provided at the national and regional levels, despite limitations in cultivating literacy and reading habit. From the institutional perspective, Indonesia provides a wide array of public support, including the effort of the Ministry of Education and Culture for advocating the national literacy movement and the availability of a reference database and scientific access established by the National Library; the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, and the Ministry of Research and Technology. Similarly, in the award-related perspective, the Indonesia government has granted awards to individuals or groups and local governments engaging in the cultivation of scientific literacy and scientific culture. However, among the global measurements for literacy development in Indonesia (in 2020) recorded that three indicators scored less than those in 2019.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2022

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide. Social contact patterns can affect the epidemiology and risk of airborne diseases such as TB. This study was designed to investigate the social contact patterns associated with TB. Methods: In this case-control study, groups of participants with and without TB were matched by age and sex. Participants reported the nature, location, frequency, and average duration of social contacts over 1 month. The duration and number of social and spatial contacts were compared between groups using the chi-square test and the t-test. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the relationship between social contact time and TB status. Data were analyzed using Stata version 11 statistical software. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: In this study, 80 patients with TB and 172 control participants were included, and a total of 3545 social contacts were registered. Social contact with family members (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.40), contact with a person with TB (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.01), and contact at the participant's home (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.82) were significantly associated with TB status. Conclusions: The duration of long-term social contact, rather than the number of contacts, may be the main contact-related factor associated with TB transmission in this population. The focus of contact-tracing efforts should be on finding and treating both family members and long-term contacts in non-household settings.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the cohesions status of the coordination within response teams in the emergency response team (ERT) in a refinery. Methods: For this study, cohesion indicators of social network analysis (SNA; density, degree centrality, reciprocity, and transitivity) were utilized to examine the coordination of the response teams as a whole network. The ERT of this research, which was a case study, included seven teams consisting of 152 members. The required data were collected through structured interviews and were analyzed using the UCINET 6.0 Social Network Analysis Program. Results: The results reported a relatively low number of triple connections, poor coordination with key members, and a high level of mutual relations in the network with low density, all implying that there were low cohesions of coordination in the ERT. Conclusion: The results showed that SNA provided a quantitative and logical approach for the examination of the coordination status among response teams and it also provided a main opportunity for managers and planners to have a clear understanding of the presented status. The research concluded that fundamental efforts were needed to improve the presented situations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2020

Objectives: Our aim was to answer the following questions: (1) Can mental health variance be partitioned to individual and higher levels (e.g., neighborhood and district); (2) How much (as a percentage) do individual-level determinants explain the variability of mental health at the individual-level; and (3) How much do determinants at the neighborhood- or district-level explain the variability of mental health at the neighborhood- or district-level? Methods: We used raw data from the second round of the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool in Tehran (in 2012-2013, n=34 700 samples nested in 368 neighborhoods nested in 22 districts) and the results of the official report of Tehran's Center of Studies and Planning (in 2012-2013, n=22 districts). Multilevel linear regression models were used to answer the study questions. Results: Approximately 40% of Tehran residents provided responses suggestive of having mental health disorders (30-52%). According to estimates of residual variance, 7% of mental health variance was determined to be at the neighborhood-level and 93% at the individual-level. Approximately 21% of mental health variance at the individual-level and 49% of the remaining mental health variance at the neighborhood-level were determined by determinants at the individual-level and neighborhood-level, respectively. Conclusions: If we want to make the most effective decisions about the determinants of mental health, in addition to considering the therapeutic perspective, we should have a systemic or contextual view of the determinants of mental health.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2015

This article analyzes motivations behind social sciences blog posts citing journal articles in order to find out whether blog citations are good indicators for the societal impact or benefits of research. A random sample of 300 social sciences blog posts (out of 1,233 blog posts) from ResearchBlogging.org published between 01/01/2012 to 18/06/2014 were subjected to content analysis. The 300 blog posts had 472 references including 424 journal articles from 269 different journals. Sixty-one (22.68%) of all cited journals were from the social sciences and most of the journals with high frequency were highly cited general science journals such as PNAS and Science. Seventy-five percent of all journals were referenced only once. The average age of articles cited at the time of citation was 5.8 years. Discussion and criticism were the two main categories of motivations. Overall, the study shows the potential of blog citations as an altmetric measure and as a proxy for assessing the research impact. A considerable number of citation motivations in blogs such as disputing a belief, suggesting policies, providing a solution to a problem, reacting to media, criticism and the like seemed to support gaining societal benefits. Societal benefits are considered as helping stimulate new approaches to social issues, or informing public debate and policymaking. Lower self-citation (compared to some other altmetric measures such as tweets) and the fact that blogging involves generating content (i.e. an intellectual process) give them an advantage for altmetrics. However, limitations and contextual issues such as disciplinary differences and low uptake of altmetrics, in general, in scholarly communication should not be ignored when using blogs as a data source for altmetrics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.851-860
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• 2021

The Knowledge Transfer (KT) for higher education institutions (HEIs) is boundless. Still and all, the members of the staff affiliated with these institutions do recognize an array of hitches in relation to KT practices. The study in question underscores social interactions, training, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as the primary barriers and treats them as the independent variables of the study. The study posits that inadequate management of the above-mentioned barriers would impact effective KT unfavorably. Besides, putting forth some striking solutions needed to fix the obstructions that hamper the adequate management of the KT exercises is another aim of the study. For data collection purposes, the study picks out higher education institutions (public) of the Quetta district. The reckoned sample size is 317 subjects. The research type that has been used is cross-sectional research and, in this context, the cross-sectional explanatory sequential design has been used. Concerning the findings of the paper, the results of PLS-SEM show positive and significant relationships of social interaction and training with knowledge transfer, while ICT shows an insignificant positive relationship with the knowledge transfer. The most influencing factor for the knowledge transfer is social interaction as suggested by social interaction theory.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.125-140
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• 2000

The paper studies on the cooperation between the humanities & social sciences and natural science & technology in 1990's. The article showed policy alternatives about the crisis of humanities & social sciences. That was science wars and we heard that was announced by Sokal affair. In this article, the author inquired into the Korean research policy's crisis and presented the policy alternatives about the crisis of humanities & social sciences and natural science & technology in various ways. In the concrete, the policy alternatives are cultural critique of technology and science and science & development of domain about interdisciplinary studies at the humanities & social science and natural science & technology. In conclusion, First, the author showed the appraisal and institutionalization of interdisciplinary studies. Second, the researcher proposed few policy alternatives and developmental area of interdisciplinary studies between the humanities & social sciences and natural science & technology.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2019

Objectives: In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Screening tests are the basis for early diagnosis. In Iranian women, the mortality rate of breast cancer is high due to insufficient screening examinations and delayed visits for care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting breast self-examinations among Iranian women employed in medical careers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 501 women working in the medical professions at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-report questionnaire that contained demographic information and questions based on protection motivation theory and social support theory. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and model fitting with PLS version 2. Results: The mean age of the participants was $37.1{\pm}8.3years$, and most of the women (80.4%) were married. Most women had a bachelor's degree (67.5%). The findings of this study showed that the coping appraisal construct was a predictor of protection motivation (${\beta}=0.380$, p<0.05), and protection motivation (${\beta}=0.604$, p<0.05) was a predictor of breast self-examination behavior. Additionally, social support theory (${\beta}=0.202$, p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on breast self-examination behavior. Conclusions: The frequency of practicing self-examinations among women employees in the medical sector was low; considering the influence of social support as a factor promoting screening, it is necessary to pay attention to influential people in women's lives when designing educational interventions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.107-161
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• 1996

This study aims at introducing 'ethnography' which is one of the most representative qualitative research methods into Library and Information Science research in Korea.. Ethnography, derived from anthropology, helps researchers to understand the whole and deep aspect of the research object. That is because the researcher puts himself into the life-world of the research object and observes it for a long time. Ethnography can be used as an alternative method to quantitative research methods. Until now, Library and Information Science research in Korea has used quantitative research methods in almost every case. From the 1980s so-called 'scientific methods' using hypotheses testing, have provided the major premise for research methodology in Library and Information Science of Korea. And the researchers have seen their research object(Korean Libraries) not in the native perspective but largely in the western(especially American) perspective. There is a need in Korea for more culturally relative research. So the desirability of introducing ethnography and other qualitative research methods into Library and Information Science research in Korea can be summarized as follows : I. Ethnography and other qualitative methods are needed for the researchers to overcome the limitation of quantitative methods which have formed the main methodological paradigm in Library and Information Science research in Korea. While those quantitative scientific methods can be a n.0, pplied to the social sciences, they are not adequate for the social sciences. It is because the research objects of the social sciences are human and social phenomena. II. It is needed that Library and Information Science research in Korea pay more attention to the speciality of Korean libraries. To do researches based on the viewpoint of cultural-relativism, researchers should consider the cultural context of Korean libraries. During the past years researchers in other social science fields in Korea, especially sociology and pedagogy, have gradually a n.0, pplied the methods of ethnography to their fields. These social scientists have attempted to escape from ethnocentrism, a problem which has greatly influenced past and present research methods. To get a holistic and in-depth understanding of Korean libraries on the present stage, and to solve their problems radically, it seems imperative that Library and Information Science research in Korea pay more attention to qualitative research methods such as ethnography.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of engineering students' Interpersonal Problems, Emotional Clarity, and Empathic Ability compared with humanities and social sciences students. A total of 739 college students participated in the study (459 enginerring students and 280 humanities and social sciences students). We tested research question by employing the t-test. The result showed that engineering students have higher level of clarity of feelings, perspective taking, empathic concern and lower level of attention to feelings, personal distress than humanities and social sciences students. Moreover, engineering students showed lower level of cold, socially avoidant, exploitable problems than humanities and social sciences students. We dicussed that programs aiming at developing engineering students' emotional awareness and improving their interpersonal relationships should be provided.