• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

American Psychiatric Association defined hwa-byung as a unique mental illness of Korea, a kind of anger syndrome. This illness caused by the Korean culture is more often found on women than men, especially middle-aged women. The cause of hwa-byung mainly depends on the traditional family structure of Korea formed by Confucianism. Other causes that many middle-aged women suffer from hwa-byung are that their low education level originated in their wrong-recognized position in society and poverty in the past makes them not to be able to control their minds effectively(social psychological factor), and that they get stressed and depressed because of loss of their position in the family after their children leave home and the menopause which hurts their feminine beauty (physiological factor). So, this program aims at letting them to; 1) experience catharsis of the negative feelings which causes hwa-byung by expressing in psychodrama, 2) ease the symptoms of hwa-byung by relaxing their mind, 3) understand themselves through sharing their feelings and thinking at the group level, 4) acquire the opportunities to stabilize and expand their role in their real lives through the role playing.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2008

The research and development in soundproof materials for preventing noise have attracted great attention due to their social impact. Noise insulation materials are especially important in the field of soundproofing. Since the insulation ability of most materials follows a mass rule, the heavy weight materials like concrete, lead and steel board are mainly used in the current noise insulation materials. To overcome some weak points in these materials, fiber reinforced composite materials with lightweight and other high performance characteristics are now being used. In this paper, innovative insulation sheet materials with carbon and/or glass fabrics and nano-silica hybrid PU resin are developed. The parameters related to sound performance, such as materials and fabric texture in base fabric, hybrid method of resin, size of silica particle and so on, are investigated. At the same time, the wave analysis code (PZFlex) is used to simulate some of experimental results. As a result, it is found that both bundle density and fabric texture in the base fabrics play an important role on the soundproof performance. Compared with the effect of base fabrics, the transmission loss in sheet materials increased more than 10 dB even though the thickness of the sample was only about 0.7 mm. The results show different values of transmission loss factor when the diameters of silica particles in coating materials changed. It is understood that the effect of the soundproof performance is different due to the change of hybrid method and the size of silica particles. Fillers occupying appropriate positions and with optimum size may achieve a better effect in soundproof performance. The effect of the particle content on the soundproof performance is confirmed, but there is a limit for the addition of the fillers. The optimization of silica content for the improvement of the sound insulation effect is important. It is observed that nano-particles will have better effect on the high soundproof performance. The sound insulation effect has been understood through a comparison between the experimental and analytical results. It is confirmed that the time-domain finite wave analysis (PZFlex) is effective for the prediction and design of soundproof performance materials. Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the developed materials have advantages in lightweight, flexibility, other mechanical properties and excellent soundproof performance.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.49
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• pp.57-80
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• 2010

This study examines how national newspapers interpret, evaluate and report the Korean grand canal and rebuilding four major rivers through the news writings. For this research, ChosunIlbo, the Hankyoreh Shinmun and HankukIlbo are selected. A total of 961 news writings are analyzed by using the concept of news frame designed by Gamson(1993). As a result, the findings are as follows: First, the most frequently reported news frame for ChosunIlbo is economic consequence; the Hankyoreh for ecological environment, and HankukIlbo for authoritative political execution by the administrative. Second, the most frequently interviewed group through all of the papers is the administrative and the ruling Grand National Party, the main body of rebuilding the Korean grand canal. On the country, voices of environmental protection groups, non-profit civic organizations and the ordinary people are reported rarely. Third, the ratio of authoritative political execution by the administrative and economic consequence are very high. Finally, in terms of the framing activity by the interviewed groups in the newspapers, ChosunIlb reports 'Outcome' the most frequently, the Hankyoreh does 'Loss-gain' & 'Process' and HankukIlbo 'Process' & 'Substantive'. Thus it concluded that ChosunIlbo does not play a role as a social mediator for the social disputes. However, the Hankyoreh and HankukIlbo try to represent environmental and civic organizations fairly.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.395-415
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• 2011

The aging of population stems from the decline of birth and death rates. A sudden aging society results in a variety of social issues like the poverty, role loss, alienation, health problems, etc. of the elderly. What counts in solving these issue is to make good use of the leisure time of the elderly. Leisure activities in the elderly help maintain and improve their mental and physical health, and have a great influence on improving the quality of life in the elderly. In addition, they contribute to building up a healthy social structure by forming a social intimacy. Despite these positive aspects of leisure activities, however, multiple factors prevent the leisure activities of the elderly from being actively pursued. In this respect, since there is a need to take a look at how the varied leisure activities of the elderly expose themselves in different regions, this study made an investigation so as to see what characteristics and differences each region has in the leisure activities of the elderly 65 or above. As a result, the following facts were found out: the elderly in Seoul enjoy a relatively wide range of leisure activities compared with other regions; the elderly in Gwangju spend their time mainly at home: and the elderly in the Goheung region take part in leisure activities aimed at promoting friendship. It was also revealed that there are differences among different regions in the areas of leisure activities, including the types of participation in leisure activities, the types of leisure activities at and out of home, the purpose and satisfaction of leisure activities and the frequency of domestic trips.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.51
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• pp.287-310
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate how early retirees spent their days and how daily life was experienced. In order to cover as many aspects as possible of the subject, this study examined sources of life satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Data were drawn from in-depth interviews in which 101 early retirees residing in Seoul. The Majority of early retirees in this study were at least somewhat dissatisfied with their daily life. Content analysis of reasons for life satisfaction/dissatisfaction revealed that the sources were categorized into 6 categories and 66 specific sources. Analysis of sources of life satisfaction revealed that early retirees mentioned most frequently as their sources of life satisfaction in this order: subjective emotions, family relations, stability of economy, positive attitude on retirement. Analysis of sources of life dissatisfaction revealed that life dissatisfaction was intimately connected with the loss of work role, family, unstability of economy, and ill preparation for retirement. Implications for macro and micro alternatives to support early retirees were provided.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.253-263
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• 2018

This paper examined the U-shape curvilinear relationship between team level conflict management and individual level turnover intention by using exit-voice theory, bandwagon effect, and social loafing theory. In addition to the non-linear relationship between team-level conflict management and individual-level turnover intentions, we also examined how trust in leaders has a moderating effect on this relationship. The samples were collected from a South Korean manufacturing company with 331 team members from 48 teams and items were measured twice to avoid common method biases. The intercepts-as-outcomes model of hierarchical linear modelling was conducted to verify the hypothesis. Results supported the cross-level curvilinear hypothesis which indicated that employees' turnover intention sharply decreased if the activeness of group conflict management was small and increases slightly, but this tendency moderated as activeness increases. After passing the lowest point, their turnover intention increased in the end. However, the moderation effect of trust in leader on this relationship was not statistically significant and hypothesis 2 was rejected. This paper explained the effects of group dynamics of conflict management on individual turnover intention. Such evidence may elucidate the importance of managing the social loafing behavior on conflict management process. This paper examined the sequential, multi-level, and curvilinear relationship between conflict management and turnover intention. Organizations and managers will benefit from avoiding the human resource loss by managing the conflict management process.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.73-102
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• 2017

This paper is an attempt to find commonality and complementarity between psychanalysis and Daesoon thought, while understanding the practical meaning of the Haewon-Sangsaeng, which is one of the religious doctrines of Daesoon Jinrihoe, in terms of the theory of desire posited by psychoanalysis. There is a common point between Daesoon thought and psychoanalytic theory since both ideas give importance to desire. The Haewon idea is similar to that of psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes restoring desire through mourning and realizing it within a structure of inter-subjectivity. Of course, the meaning of desire in Daesoon thought, given its status as a religious doctrine, is polysemous, and the orientation of this type of desire is also different from that of psychoanalysis given psychoanalysis's role as a therapeutic discourse. However, Daesoon thought explains that the pain and unhappiness suffered by human beings occurs because of mutual overcoming which is a relational style wherein desire can not be solved properly for either party involved in an interaction. Mutual overcoming is a state of mutual beneficience beyond the previous state of mutual overcoming. Likewise, psychoanalysis seems to accept the loss of the object through mourning, and in this way, desire is reactivated. Daesoon thought emphasizes the importance of social and cosmic systems like mutual beneficience and the reordering of the Universe and these systems have a commonality with psychoanalysis as psychoanalysis sees desire positively within the structure of inter-subjectivity. The direction of social practice in Daesoon thought and psychoanalysis both aim at the realization of a new universality. The inter-subjectivity structure suggests desire of recognition and recognition of desire as a way of practice because desire is not personal but rather social. In conclusion, we should not stop at resolving our own individual desires, but should instead go forward in solidarity toward the achieving the common good.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.47-65
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• 2003

In Korea, Private security companies has steadily grown and amounts to 2,051 places as of November 30, 2002. Private security in korea is carrying out firm name role assignment to have held the police and public peace environment change factors for a standard faithfully, and protects social a little property that is a basic purpose, and it is spare no efforts in loss prevention. In spite of numeral increase of private security companies, private security companies have many problem. Moreover, they mostly did not have any remarkable in-house expertises in their own business under tough conditions. Under the unfavorable circumstances including insufficient investment and education in private security guard, there have been actually little further studies on private security business in practices. So this study mainly focused on addressing the installation security business managed by authorized companies, which amount to 96%(1,963 companies) of total 2,051 domestic security companies. Furthermore, the study formulated and modeled a series of business procedures in private security companies. A series of business procedures of private security companies can be modeled as follows : Setting of a business scope and aim market ${\Rightarrow}$ Marketing, Contact from customers(On-line or Off-line) ${\Rightarrow}$ Diagnosis of security target ${\Rightarrow}$ Submission of security operational plan ${\Rightarrow}$ Estimation of security operational plan ${\cdot}$ decision ${\Rightarrow}$ Contract ${\Rightarrow}$ Employment, selection of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Nomination of security guard instructors ${\Rightarrow}$ Education & training of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ subscribe to insurance of damage liability ${\Rightarrow}$ Commitment and placement of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Establishment and preparation of security planning ${\Rightarrow}$ Field management and procurement of relevant security service.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2913-2921
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• 2012

Introduction: The impact of cervical cancer prevention programs depends on persuading women to go for screening and, if needed, treatment. As part of an evaluation of a pilot project in Indonesia, qualitative research was conducted to explore the factors that influence women's decisions regarding screening and treatment and to generate practical recommendations to increase service coverage and reduce loss to follow up. Methods: Research was conducted at 7 of the 17 public health centers in Karawang District that implemented the pilot project. Interviews and focus group discussions were held with 20 women, 20 husbands, 10 doctors, 18 midwives, 3 district health officials, and 16 advocacy team members. Results: Free services and mobile outreach events encouraged women to go for screening, along with promotional efforts by community health workers, advocacy teams, and the mass media. Knowledge and perceptions were the most important barriers to screening: women were not aware of cervical cancer risks, did not know the disease was treatable, and were fatalistic. Factors facilitating treatment were social support from husbands, relatives, and friends and the encouragement and role modeling of health workers. Barriers to prompt treatment included limited access to services and the requirement for husband's consent for cryotherapy. Conclusion: As cervical cancer prevention services are scaled up throughout Indonesia, the findings suggest three strategies to expand screening coverage and ensure prompt treatment: strengthening community mobilization and advocacy activities, modifying the service delivery model to encourage a single visit approach to screening and treatment, and working to gain men's support.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Credit card is means of payment used like cash in terms of function and its users have increased consistently. With development of Internet and electronic commerce a role as payment method of credit card has been growing. But as the risk which results from centralized information and online increases, credit card fraud is also growing. Card theft and loss are decreasing due to countermeasure of card companies and financial supervisory authorities, while card forge and identity theft are increasing. Recently because of frequent personal information leakage and deregulation of financial security following easy-to-use payment enforcement, customer's anxiety about card fraud is growing. And the increase of card fraud lowers trust on credit system as well as causes social costs. In this paper, the security problems of card operating system are addressed in depth and the measures such as immediate switch to IC card terminals, introduction of new security technology, supervision reinforcement of the authorities are proposed.