• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore essences and meanings of using oral contraceptives among adult women. Methods: The interview was conducted with 20 adult women who lived in Seoul, Gyeongi Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, and Gangwon Province. Participants with the experience of using oral contraceptives for contraception were selected by convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Five themes revealed: 'Lack of information and knowledge regarding oral contraceptives', 'Inconvenient and difficult purchase process of oral contraceptives', 'Pressure and fear regarding other people's reaction', 'Self-centered thinking toward the use of oral contraceptives', 'A need for a change in public awareness and policy'. Conclusion: A change in society's perception about oral contraceptives is required for safe contraceptives use. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the correct usage of oral contraceptives, and to develop a program for changing the paradigm of sex education.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

In these days, the green building movement caused by the energy crisis is increasing, passive design is getting mere and more attention as it provides many possibilities for energy conservation. Moreover, with the increasing social intention for healthy life, the demand for indoor air Quality is increasing in Korea. As result, the ventilation system which can provide the sound outdoor air constantly has been obliged in Korea. So, the hybrid system which using natural power and mechanical power and makes up for the shortage of mechanical and natural ventilation attracts people's attention in Korea. As a hybrid ventilation system, in this study, the stack effect driven hybrid ventilation system in high-rise residential building will be suggested. And in this paper, the theoretical review for hybrid ventilation system suggested in this study will be addressed. Especially, the characteristics of pressure distribution and airflow caused by stack effect in high-rise residential building and the possibility of natural ventilation as results of stack effect will be described.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2007

The present work addresses an experimental study on sound attenuation characteristics of silencer by live firing test. When a gun fires, there exists excessive noise which propagates as a form of blast wave. As muzzle energy of the weapon systems increases, the level of impulsive noise also increases. It is well known that the impulsive noise from a gun gives a serious damage to human bodies and structures. The adverse effects of impulsive sound also cause both social and military problems. So it is very important to study the characteristics of the impulsive sound attenuation. The live firing test is performed to evaluate the effect of four different silencers. The test result is compared with the case of bare muzzle which is not installed the silencer. The frequency characteristics are also analyzed to investigate the diminution of sound pressure level. The results of this study will be helpful to the designing silencer for large caliber weapon systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess more effective exercise prescription for the people with chronic neck pain by comparing stretching exercise and isometric exercise about strength and pain. Method : The research design of the study was that 20 young adults with mild neck disability (5-14 out of 50 in Neck Disability Index) were randomized into 2 groups and underwent stretching exercise(10 peoples) and isometric exercise(10 peoples) at 3 times a week for 5weeks. Measures of pain scale (Visual Analog Scale) and Muscle strength of deep neck flexor (Pressure Biofeedback) were assessed before and after intervention. The pre and post exercise results were compared using paired t-test and the effectiveness of intervention of two groups were compared using Independent t test. Results : The results of this study were that pain reduction was seen after stretching and isometric exercise and significantly difference. There was significantly improvement of cervical flexor strength after stretching and isometric exercise. But, there was no significant difference between stretching and isometric exercise groups. Conclusion : The stretching and isometric exercise for chronic neck pain patients may use according to preference of patient because the effects of treatment was same. Further studies are needed to analyzed psycho social factors, cost effects, group approach.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the nature of controlling shareholders and corporate anti-corruption practice disclosure (ACPD) as well as the mediating role of political background of the chairman or CEO of the firm on the relationship between the two. The content analysis was conducted to extract ACPD from standalone corporate social responsibility reports (CSRR) of 703 China's A-share listed companies. A dummy variable was constructed according to whether a firm disclosed ACPD or not. Logistic regression analysis was used then. Results show that the nature of controlling shareholders has a significant impact on corporate ACPD, with central enterprises disclosing the most frequently, local state-owned enterprises the second and private enterprises the least. Political background of the chairman or CEO has a negative impact on corporate ACPD of state-owned enterprises. These findings have some useful insights in understanding the rent-seeking behavior and information disclosure behavior of corporates in emerging markets. In order to curb the serious corruption problem which is commonplace in developing countries like China, the government should exert certain pressure to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure of listed firms and improve information transparency.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Currently, the number of a shopping center building is increasing because most people want to go a shopping center building easily for buying many things and eating some foods. That are a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of shopping center buildings has been increasing the number of shopping center building fires which also have been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire department connection among other fire facilities because it is important for fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire department connections that are on 70 shopping center buildings of more than 5 years old constructed. Survey and analysis were conducted for 70 fire department connections. The result of this study is that all installed fire department connections have a type that includes one or two holes each at 65mm wide, and the average distance between fire department connections and access roads is 4.85m. The total average percentage of insufficiency conditions such as drive ways for fire trucks, visibility, accessibility, pressure range sign, installed height, cover of the hole, etc. is 45.3%. So improvement of law and systems, that are fire facility construction and maintenance implementations, will be needed in my opinion.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to changes in respiratory function due to differences in mask blocking grade, and effects on cardiovascular function during aerobic exercise. Design: Comparative study using paired t-test and analysis of variance measures. Methods: Male and female subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups according to mask blocking grade and measured respiratory functions before and after wearing the mask using spirometers, and their cardiovascular capabilities were measured using pulse oxygen meters and blood pressure meters before and after running for 10 minutes wearing mask. Used paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test to compare the differences according to the mask blocking grade. Results: The experimental results verified that three groups except for the Non-mask group had a significant reduction in all values of FVC, FEV1, MVV, and PEF after wearing a mask compared to those before wearing a mask(p<0.05). Also a significant difference in cardiovascular functions was also observed after aerobic exercises wearing mask in all groups and there was a significant difference between all four groups(p<0.05). Conclusions: Lung patients with poor breathing, elderly and children with poor lung function, and professional groups who need to wear masks and take high-intensity work or aerobic movements are encouraged to take frequent breaks in advance, wear masks and social distancing at moderate and low levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.581-587
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• 2021

In recent years, contamination of drinking water sources has emerged as a serious social problem, such as a large number of impurities in tap water or groundwater or the supply of suitable water due to rust of pipes. Although the government and public institutions are implementing various measures to protect water sources, they cannot improve water quality in a short period of time because of the enormous cost involved. Therefore, in recent years, preference has been given to a device that converts tap water, which is hard water, into soft water by installing a separate water softener at the faucet from which tap water is discharged. However, the existing filtration device has a problem that filtration performance is gradually lowered when impurities accumulate in the filter, requiring continuous filter replacement. In this study, the optimal design of the filter housing was performed to develop a water softener that can be washed when impurities accumulate on the filter inside the water softener connected to the faucet. For optimal design of the filter housing, fluid and fluid-structural interaction analysis were performed on the design pressure to determine the shape and thickness of the housing, and design review was performed through prototype.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2021

University academicians are playing a significant role in nation building and striving hard to impart quality education to students and also instill moral and ethical values in them. The current study aims to determine the relationship between work-life balance (WLB) and satisfaction among academicians. For the study purpose, 154 academicians from different universities with varied designations were selected randomly from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pareek et al. (2011) constructed and validated a scale to gather responses from respondents with the aim of understanding WLB in relation to satisfaction. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the results to make the study more authentic and valuable. The study's findings revealed that (i) all facets of WLB have positive relationships with one another, resulting in workplace satisfaction; (ii) the result also reflects that male faculty members have a lot of pressure and responsibility in the universities than the female faculty members which reflect that male are more prone to dissatisfaction in comparison to the dfemale faculty members (iii) the factor personal needs is having the high degree of correlation followed by the social needs. Results indicate that WLB plays a crucial role to provide satisfaction and surely ignite new information in the contemporary knowledge of work life balance among the Saudi Arabian Universities.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Previous work has shown that men both explain and value the act of explaining more than women, as explaining conveys expertise. However, previous studies are limited to English. We conducted an exploratory study to see if similar patterns are seen amongst Japanese speakers. We examined three registers of Japanese: conversational interviews, simulated speeches, and academic presentations. For each text, we calculated two measures: lexical density and the percentage of the text written in kanji. Both are indicators of expository language. Men produced significantly higher scores for the interviews and speeches. However, the results for the presentations depend on age and academic field. In fields in which women are the minority, women produce higher scores. In the field in which men are the minority, younger men produced higher scores but older men produced lower scores than women of the same age. Our results show that in academic contexts, the explainers are not necessarily men but rather the gender minority. We argue that such speakers are under social pressure to present themselves as experts. These results show that the generalization that men tend to explain more than women does not always hold true, and we urge more academic work on expository language.