• 제목/요약/키워드: Social Pressure

검색결과 486건 처리시간 0.025초

일 지역주민의 질병예방 행위 및 건강증진행위에 관한 연구 -거제지역 중심으로- (A Study on Health Promoting Behavior and Disease Preventive Behavior of a Community Residents - Koje area-)

  • 김금이;임미영
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.168-174
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to investigate the disease preventive behavior and health promoting behavior of a community residents. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and the total number was 300(Female, 170, Male, 130). The data were collected by face to face interviews during the period of Sep. 15-30, 1999. The measurement tool for this study was the rating score for disease preventive behavior and health promoting behavior. The instrument was developed by the researcher based on the tool of Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA. $x^2-test$ by Windows SPSS/PC program(v7.5). The results were as follows: 1. In the comparison of disease preventive behavior rates between male and female, there was a statistically significant difference in physical examination, measuring the blood pressure and vaccination for B type hepatitis. In the comparison of disease preventive behavior rates among the age, there was a statistically significant difference in physical examination, measuring the blood pressure. 2. The rating score for the health promoting behavior of the men subjects was lower than that of the women subjects. In the comparison of health promoting behavior scores between male and female, there was a statistically significant difference in smoking, drinking, regular exercise, breakfast eating, vegetable consumption and teeth brushing. In the comparison of promoting Behavior scores among the age, there were significant difference, there was a statistically significant difference in smoking, sleeping, seat belt use, breakfast eating and salty eating.

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3미터급 카본 카약의 저항성능 및 구조 안전성 연구 (Resistance and Structural Safety of a 3M Carbon Fibier-based Kayak)

  • 서광철;이경우;박주신
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.482-488
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    • 2019
  • 최근 수상 레저 사업장과 레저기구의 개수는 지속해서 성장하고 있다. 수상레저기구 중에서도 카약과 카누의 보급률이 크게 증가하고 있다. 기존에는 주로 FRP 재료를 사용하여 제작하였으나, 지구온난화, 천연자원 고갈 등의 문제로 인해 청정에너지 및 신재생 에너지에 대한 필요성이 대두됨에 따라 탄소섬유에 대한 수요도 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 사회적인 변화 의식에 부합하기 위하여, 탄소섬유를 적용한 보급형 카약을 설계하고, 제품의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위하여 저항성능 및 구조 안전성 평가를 수행하였다. 속도 변화에 따른 압력저항과 마찰저항 변화를 검토하였으며, 속도 2.6 m/s 이상에서는 압력저항이 크게 증가하면서 전체저항이 커지는 현상이 발생한다. 현재 카약 구조는 운용 시 고려할 수 있는 설계하중을 고려 시, 충분한 안전율을 갖고 있음을 확인하였다.

Particle Filtration Efficiency Testing of Sterilization Wrap Masks

  • Chau, Destiny F.;O'Shaughnessy, Patrick;Schmitz, Michael L.
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: Non-traditional materials are used for mask construction to address personal protective equipment shortages during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Reusable masks made from surgical sterilization wrap represent such an innovative approach with social media frequently referring to them as "N95 alternatives." This material was tested for particle filtration efficiency and breathability to clarify what role they might have in infection prevention and control. Methods: A heavyweight, double layer sterilization wrap was tested when new and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 autoclave sterilizing cycles and compared with an approved N95 respirator and a surgical mask via testing procedures using a sodium chloride aerosol for N95 efficiency testing similar to 42 CFR 84.181. Pressure testing to indicate breathability was also conducted. Results: The particle filtration efficiency for the sterilization wrap ranged between 58% to 66%, with similar performance when new and after sterilizing cycles. The N95 respirator and surgical mask performed at 95% and 68% respectively. Pressure drops for the sterilization wrap, N95 and surgical mask were 10.4 mmH2O, 5.9 mmH2O, and 5.1 mmH2O, respectively, well below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health limits of 35 mmH2O during initial inhalation and 25 mmH2O during initial exhalation. Conclusions: The sterilization wrap's particle filtration efficiency is much lower than a N95 respirator, but falls within the range of a surgical mask, with acceptable breathability. Performance testing of non-traditional mask materials is crucial to determine potential protection efficacy and for correcting misinterpretation propagated through popular media.

Numerical FEM assessment of soil-pile system in liquefiable soil under earthquake loading including soil-pile interaction

  • Ebadi-Jamkhaneh, Mehdi;Homaioon-Ebrahimi, Amir;Kontoni, Denise-Penelope N.;Shokri-Amiri, Maedeh
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.465-479
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    • 2021
  • One of the important causes of building and infrastructure failure, such as bridges on pile foundations, is the placement of the piles in liquefiable soil that can become unstable under seismic loads. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of a soil-pile system in liquefiable soil using three-dimensional numerical FEM analysis, including soil-pile interaction. Effective parameters on concrete pile response, involving the pile diameter, pile length, soil type, and base acceleration, were considered in the framework of finite element non-linear dynamic analysis. The constitutive model of soil was considered as elasto-plastic kinematic-isotropic hardening. First, the finite element model was verified by comparing the variations on the pile response with the measured data from the centrifuge tests, and there was a strong agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Totally 64 non-linear time-history analyses were conducted, and the responses were investigated in terms of the lateral displacement of the pile, the effect of the base acceleration in the pile behavior, the bending moment distribution in the pile body, and the pore pressure. The numerical analysis results demonstrated that the relationship between the pile lateral displacement and the maximum base acceleration is non-linear. Furthermore, increasing the pile diameter results in an increase in the passive pressure of the soil. Also, piles with small and big diameters are subjected to yielding under bending and shear states, respectively. It is concluded that an effective stress-based ground response analysis should be conducted when there is a liquefaction condition in order to determine the maximum bending moment and shear force generated within the pile.

독일 경제아카이브즈의 형성과 유형 (The Formation and Types of Business Archives m Germany)

  • 김영애
    • 기록학연구
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    • 제8호
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    • pp.137-180
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    • 2003
  • The term 'Business Archives' is not familiar with us in our society. Some cases can be found that materials are collected for publishing the history of a firm on commemoration of some decades of its foundation. However, the appropriate management of these collected materials doesn't seem to be followed in most of companies. The Records and archives management is inevitable in order to maximize the utility of Information and knowledge in the business world. The interest in records management has been grown, especially in the fields of business management and information technology. However, the importance of business archives hasn't been conceived yet. And also no attention has been paid to the business archives as social resources and the responsibility of the society as a whole for their preservation. The company archives doesn't have a long history in Germany although the archives of the nation, the aristocracy, communes and churches have a long tradition. However the company archives of Krupps which was established in 1905, is regarded as the first business archives in the world, It means that Germany has taken a key role to lead the culture of business archives. This paper focuses on the process of the establishment of business archives in Germany and its characteristics. The business archives in Germany can be categorized in three types: company archives, regional business archives and branch archives. It must be noted here that each type of these was generated in the context of the accumulation of the social resources and its effective use. A company archives is established by an individual company for the preservation of and use of the archives that originated in the company. The holdings in the company archives can be used as materials for decision making of policies, reporting, advertising, training of employees etc. They function not only as sources inside the company, but also as raw sources for the scholars, contributing to the study of the social-economic history. Some archives of German companies are known as a center of research. A regional business archives manages materials which originated m commerce chambers, associations and companies in a certain region. There are 6 regional business archives in Germany. They collect business archives which aren't kept in a proper way or are under pressure of damage in the region for which they are responsible. They are also open to the public offering the sources for the study of economic history, social history like company archives, so that they also play a central role as a research center. Branch business archives appeared relatively late in Germany. The first one is established in Bochum in 1969. Its general duties and goals are almost similar with ones of other two types of archives. It has differences in two aspects. One is that the responsibility of the branch business archives covers all the country, while regional business archives collects archives in a particular region. The other is that a branch business archives collects materials from a single industry. For example, the holdings of Bochum archives are related with the mining industry. The mining industry-specialized Bochum archives is run as an organization in combination with a museum, which is called as German mine museum, so that it plays a role as a cultural center with the functions of exhibition and research. The three types of German business archives have their own functions but they are also closely related each other under the German Association of Business Archivists. They are sharing aims to preserve primary materials with historical values in the field of economy and also contribute to keeping the archives as a social resources by having feed back with the public, which leads the archives to be a center of information and research. The German case shows that business archives in a society should be preserved not only for the interest of the companies, but also for the utilities of social resources. It also shows us how business archives could be preserved as a social resource. It is expected that some studies which approach more deeply on this topic will be followed based on the considerations from the German case.

척수 손상자의 사회 적응에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Social Adaptation of Spinal Cord Injured Patients)

  • 이동순;송인영
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.405-419
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    • 1997
  • This research has been conducted to provide the spinal cord injured patients with comprehensive necessity of and backup data for their rehabilitation in the community and make the aware of importance of overall community support to patients. The data was collected through questionnaire made to 83 patients charged to general hospital in Jeonbuk Province between 1 and 31 March 1997 to analyse the patients ability on activities of daily living through the research on general characteristics and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). As a result the outcome of the research was as follows : 1. Sexual distribution represented that 57 male (68.7%) and 26 female(31.3%) and in the age distribution majority group was 36 thirties (43.4 %) most active in social activities. 2. Analysis on occupation of patients showed majority group was in technicians, 21 people representing 25.4 % and the major cause of injury was traffic accident, 45people representing 54.2%, fall down, 17 people representing 20.5% and industrial accident, 13 people representing 15.7%, respectively. 3. In the multiple choice questionnaire on complications, the rate of appealing pain was highest and spasticity, pressure sore, contracture, depression which restrict the patients from activities of daily living ability were also appeared. 4. The theoretical points in MBI Should lie between 1 and 115 and the average point be 58 but the average point of the MBI among 83 patients was 63. 5. The MBI point by the level of injured represented statistically critical difference(P<0.001) and the MBI points tested by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing in lumbar(80.1) and in thoracic (65.8) represented critically higher than the one in cervical(42.5). 6. In the distribution of the method of Urination after spine injury, the intermittent catheterization represented highest numbar of 34(41.1 %). Testing by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing, as we found the critical difference in the analysis on MBI points(P<0.001), the point in independent self voiding patients ($90.87{\pm}29.34$) was higher than the one in other self voiding patients(P<0.05). 7. In th category of social activities after spine injury, the number of people classified in others, 41 people representing 49.5% was highest and in the MBI points of the spinal cord injured people in religious activity, hobby activity, private club, occupation was critically higher than the people classified in miscellancous(P<0.01) who are the spinal cord injured people and mostly depend on their family's assistance at home in their daily activities.

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서울지하철 범죄 실태에 대한 범죄심리학적 연구 (Study on the Realities in Seoul Subway Crimes: Criminal Psychology)

  • 임상곤
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제7호
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    • pp.233-285
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    • 2004
  • ‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.

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식이이행 의도증진을 위한 중재가 고지혈증 근로자의 식이이행 의도 및 식이이행도에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of the Intention Promotion Program on the Diet of Workers with Hyperlipemia based on the Theory of planned Behavior)

  • 현혜진;박연환
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2000
  • Hyperlipemia is the most leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is the main cause of death in Korea. However, there is a tendency to neglect the prevention and treatment since it has no specific symptoms. It has been reported that the level of serum-lipid can be lowered by the improvement of eating habits. Therefore, it is highly likely that the development of programs on the improvement of eating habits through behavioral theory is required to the community nursing practice. The theory of planned behavior, which assumes that human behaviors are determined by one's intention to carry out the behavior, can be characterized by the point that behaviors are not only individual factors but also social behaviors relating to subjective norms. It is widely recognized that this theory has a high predictability on health behavior due to it's simplicity clearness, and measurability as well as high quality of being general. Thus, the theory of planned behavior could be useful in developing a model of a health promotion program to the change of behaviors of the risk group of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this study is to develop an intention promotion program of the diet, and then to testify the effects. The sample of this study consisted of 26 industrial workers who had proved hyperlipemia from a medical examination in 1996 (experimental group 13, control group 13). The intention promotion program, which includes education, monitoring, pressure, counselling on the level of individuals, families and organizations, was conducted for 10 weeks The purpose of this program was to promoting intention of the diet through changes of the prerequisite factors of intention such as behavioral belief, outcome evaluation, normative belief and control belief. When it came to data analysis, the ${\chi}^2$-test and Fisher's Exact test were used to compare the general characteristics between the experimental and the control group, an independent t-test for the other variables. ANOVA was used to the test hypothesis, and the Pearson correlation test for variable's correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1) There was a significant increase in the intention(F=18.51, p=.00) of diet in the experimental group. 2) Diets(F=32.51, p=.001) in the experimental group were better carried out than in the control group. 5) There was a moderate correlation between the intention of diet and performance (r=.587. p=.003). From the results, it can be concluded that the intention promotion program is very effective, leading to the change of health promotion behavior. Above all, it is really valuable that the intention promotion program in this study regards health promotion behavior as a social behavior and that intervention was done on the level of family and organization. Consequently, when performing a health promotion program, social approach elevating the intention should go hand in hand in order to make the program effective.

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기업의 사회책임이 기업경영보고의 질에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibilities on the Quality of Corporate Reporting)

  • 정갑수;박청규
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - A growing demand for sustainability reporting has placed pressure on firms with non-financial information that affects firm valuation, growth, and development. In particular, a number of researchers have investigated various topics in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), non-financial information. Prior studies suggest that CSR may affect corporate outcomes like corporate reporting, financial performance, and disclosures. However, the results from prior studies are not clear whether CSR affects corporate outcomes. This is partially due to the measurement issues with CSR. In this study, we examine whether CSR affects the quality of corporate reporting, one of the popular measures in corporate outcomes. We find an evidence that CSR positively affects the quality of corporate reporting. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we collected a unique dataset of CSR from MSCI. Total 169 firms listed in the Korean Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analysed with the detailed CSR reports. Using a correlation test, we found a weak association between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting. However, the regression tests provided a strong relationship between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting after controlling for other variables that may affect the quality of corporate reporting. Additionally, we calculated the t-statistics based on heteroskedaticity-consistent standard errors (White, 1980). Results - Before we run the regression test, we sort the measures of the two dependent variables into each rating of CSR (from AAA to CCC). The results indicate that the quality of corporate reporting measured by discretionary accruals and performance-matched discretionary accruals monotonically decrease as the CSR ratings increase. This supports our hypothesis. In the regression tests, the coefficient on MJDA (PMDA) is -0.183 (-0.173) and significant at the 5% level. We can interpret the results as CSR affecting the quality of corporate reporting in positive ways. Other coefficients on control variables are consistent with prior studies. For example, the coefficients on both LOSS and LEV are positive and significant at conventional level, meaning that firms with financial difficulty may harm their quality of corporate reporting. Conclusion - We found an evidence that CSR is positively associated with the quality of corporate reporting. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, this study extends the line of CSR research by providing additional evidence in the setting of ethical behaviors by managements. This is consistent with the hypothesis and supports the results of prior studies. Second, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the MSCI CSR ratings. In contrast with prior studies using different measures of CSR, the MSCI CSR ratings allow us to provide in-depth analysis. Third, the additional measure of dependent variable (PMDA) allows us to improve the robustness of our results. Overall, the results provided this study to extend the findings in prior studies by providing incremental evidence.

SNS 상의 대인관계에서 나타나는 감정적 요소와 청소년의 온라인 다중정체성 간의 영향관계 (Effect of Emotional Elements in Personal Relationships on Multiple Personas from the Perspective of Teenage SNS Users)

  • 최보미;박민정;채상미
    • 경영정보학연구
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.199-223
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    • 2016
  • SNS 사용이 대중화되면서 사람들은 프로필 생성과 다양한 정보 공유를 한다. 이렇게 자발적인개인정보 공개와 자기표현을 통해 익명을 전제에서 온라인 정체성이 형성이 된다. 익명성은 현실과 달리 사용자가 원하는 모습으로 정체성을 표현하기에 쉬운 환경을 가진다. 다시 말해 SNS 사용자는 현실과 다른 모습인 멀티페르소나를 보여주기 쉽다는 것을 설명한다. 본 연구에서 멀티페르소나에 대한 연구의 필요성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적인 측면에서 멀티페르소나 성향을 보이는 사용자는 익명성을 통해 악성 댓글, 타인의 정보 도용, 온라인 왕따 등 반사회의 현상을 초래하는 경우가 많다. 둘째, 경영학적 측면에서 멀티페르소나 성향을 가진 사용자의 데이터 수집으로 인해 기업의 데이터를 정확히 예측하기 힘든 요소가 될 수 있다. 또한 멀티페르소나 성향의 사용자로부터 생성된 정보는 신뢰적인 측면에서 문제가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 청소년의 멀티페르소나에 초점을 둔다. 청소년기에 형성된 정체성은 성인의 정체성과 큰 상관관계를 가진다는 선행연구들이 되어있다. 또한 온라인 환경을 통해 형성된 청소년의 멀티페르소나 성향은 윤리적 정체성 확립에 어려움을 가지고, 이는 사회적인 문제로 연결되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 청소년 664명을 대상으로 설문이 진행되었다. SNS 상의 대인관계에서 가지는 감정적 요소 4가지(타인과의 거리감, 상대적 박탈감, 타인 반응에 대한 압박감, 사회 규범의 영향)를 선별하고, 이 요소들과 멀티페르소나 성향의 동의 정도와 어떠한 상관관계를 가지는지 파악하였다. 그 결과 타인과의 거리감과 멀티페르소나가 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것을 제외하고 모두 양의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 경영학 연구에서 다루지 않았던 온라인 정체성의 문제를 화두로 올렸다는 면에서 의의를 가진다. 또한 기업적 측면에서는 SNS 사용자의 정확한 데이터를 수집하고 멀티페르소나를 통제하는 환경 조성에 도움을 준다.