• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제80권
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• pp.224-253
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• 2016

교육은 한 사회의 근간을 이루는 중요한 부분이다. 그럼에도 한국 언론은 교육비리나 문제에 대해 제한적이고 소극적인 태도를 보여 왔다. 사학비리가 주로 언론을 통해 공론화되고, 언론보도를 통해 그 대상을 이해하고 해석한다는 점을 감안할 때, 언론이 사학비리를 어떻게 사회적 의제로 상정하는가는 매우 중요한 문제라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 KBS, MBC, SBS, YTN, JTBC 등 5개 방송사가 사학비리 관련 이슈를 어떻게 틀 짓고 있는지에 주목하였다. 분석결과, 방송사들은 단순관찰자로서 사학비리에 대한 현상 기술에 주목하면서 수동적으로 접근하는 데에 그쳤을 뿐, 근본적인 문제에 대해서는 다루지 않았던 것으로 확인되었다. 정보원은 주로 사립학교의 비리 감사와 조사, 감독을 담당하는 교육부와 검찰, 교육단체 등과 같은 감시감독자가 가장 많이 등장하였다. 뉴스 프레임은 사건 전달 프레임과 개입 및 해결 프레임, 도덕적 해이 프레임, 시위 및 분규 프레임이 주로 사용되었다. 반면, 사학의 존재 근거가 되는 자주성 강조 프레임과 공공성 강조 프레임은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 특히 사학비리와 정치권력의 유착관계가 지속적으로 지적되고 있음에도 이에 대한 보도는 찾아보기 어려웠다. 결과적으로 사학비리가 사회적 의제로 논의될 수 있도록 방송사들의 관점과 태도의 재정립, 그리고 보도방식의 변화가 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 영미문화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2013

Samuel Beckett's literary sympathies with underdogs enslaved to authoritative figures, found in his earliest plays, continued in a more or less subdued form in his later plays: Not I is a good case in point thematizing a social authority psychologically embedded within a subject. The incessant bouts of self-defense, or confessional, which Mouth carries out on a dark stage is directed to an inner authority. In Civilization and Its Discontents (1931), Freud's diagnosis for individuals torn between the opposite calls of a social order-- which he called, by turns, civil society, civilization, and culture--and of individual freedom was a "neurosis." What Not I dramatizes seems to be this state of neurosis suffered by a subject bound to the contradictory calls of an internal social authority, which forces Mouth to carry on a confessional till she obtains a symbolically/linguistically viable social title of "I," and of her individualistic denial of the position("what?..who?..no!.. she!.."). Mouth's ordeal on stage does not signify the psychological pressure of the social system, with its disciplinary measures of guilt, justice, and punishment, triumphs over individualistic irregularities and abnormalities, for her "maddened" confession will never see its closure. The opposite psychological forces at work inside Mouth, who is both "in" and "out[side]" "this world," will keep engaging in an eternal battle. In a way, she is a perfect parable about us humans living within a system, "discontent" and hung between the contradictory calls of individualism and social collectiveness.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.67-68
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• 2021

Social infrastructure facilities can be destroyed instantly when exposed to EMP (ElectroMagnetic Pulse), causing social chaos. However, concrete structures with low electrical conductivity cannot expect EMP shielding effect. Therefore, in this study, a metal sprayed thin film showing excellent EMP shielding performance was applied to a concrete structure to evaluate the metal spray welding efficiency and adhesion performance of the thin film according to the concrete surface treatment method. As a result according to the concrete surface treatment method, It was confirmed that the use of a roughening agent that generates physical irregularities in order to improve the welding efficiency and adhesion performance increases the physical performance of the concrete and metal sprayed thin film.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

Purpose: To know the existence of tax services, it is seen as a redistribution of income to ensure the implementation of national development and social welfare carried out by the state to the community and determine the effect of the quality of tax services, tax audits and tax collection against either simultaneously or partially against the tax ratio in the area of the Primary Tax Service Office of West Makassar. Research Design Data and Methodology: The tax revenue rate is too low based on the Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific report, released by the OECD at the end of July 2017. Tax revenue growth is also difficult to increase because of typical inelastic tax revenues. Consequently, tax growth cannot exceed GDP growth. The government boosted the tax ratio by minimizing tax payment irregularities and optimizing tax data utilization as well as distribution income for national social welfare. Transforming all sectors in the real economy so that it is affordable to tax, diversification of taxation is directed towards new sources of economic growth. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. Results: The results showed that the quality of tax services and tax audits were dominant in determining tax ratios, whereas Tax collection offers a significant but lower value.Conclusion: The existence of tax services, it is seen as a redistribution of income to ensure the implementation of national development and social welfare carried out by the state to the community.Quality and service in taxation services to create and maintain trust and cooperation relationships between tax officials and taxpayers.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권44호
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• pp.143-161
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• 2016

이번연구에서는 작가주의 애니메이션의 역할을 중심으로 연구하였다. 작가주의 애니메이션은 대중적 기호나 특정한 집단의 이익과 입장에 구애받지 않고 작가의 예리한 시선으로 그 사회의 부조리를 재치 있고 통렬하게 풍자하여 사회의 긍정적인 변화를 유도하는 정화제 역할을 한다. 이러한 관점에서 애니메이션을 사회적 의미생산 도구로서 활용한 작가들 중 얀슈반크마이에르(Jan Svankmajer)의 <대화의 차원>(Dimensions of Dialogue, 1982)과 노만 맥라렌(Norman Mclaren)의 <이웃>(Neighbours, 1952)에 나타난 풍자성을 연구해 본 결과 다음과 같은 특징과 의미를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, <대화의 차원>은 이미지의 분절에 의한 연출과 옴니버스구성을 통해 인간사회의 부조리한 모순을 상징적이면서도 파격적으로 풍자 한 애니메이션이다. 풍자에 있어서도 역사, 사회, 인간에 대한 냉소적인 공격성이면에는 개량적 교훈의 메시지를 담고 있었다. 또한 소외된 세계, 혼돈스러운 형상, 부조리한 것의 유희 등 얀 슈반크마이에르만의 그로테스크한 이미지를 통해 작가의 초현실적인 절대적 현실성과 영상의 몰입도를 극대화하였다. 둘째, <이웃>은 인과관계에 의한 사건적 스토리구조로 실사촬영에 의한 픽실레이션기법을 통해 실사영화와는 차별화되는 비실사동영상의 핵심개념을 적용한 텍스트적인 애니메이션이라고 할 수 있다. 선한 인간이 물질의 욕망 앞에서 대립과 갈등을 넘어 극한의 폭력적 광기로 변질되는 과정을 슬랩스틱 한 과장된 동작과 유머로 블랙코미디 적으로 풍자하였다. 두 애니메이션에서 나타난 풍자방식은 휴머니즘과 도덕적 불감증에 대한 공격성에 있어, 무겁게 느낄 수 있는 내용을 반어적 웃음을 유발하는 작가의 독특한 이미지스타일과 상징어법을 통해 전달하고 있었다. 즉 작가는 애니메이션을 통해 공격대상 대한 파괴보다는 도덕적 관점에서 부정의 형식을 통해 건강한 사회변화를 위한 긍정의 의지를 담고 있는 것이다. 이렇듯 두 작품에서 나타난 풍자성은 애니메이션의 사회적 기능과 예술적 영향력을 극대화시키는 작가적 알레고리임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

Objective: There have not been so many study about the quality of acupuncture needle tip. In order to ensure safe acupuncture treatment, the quality of needle tip is essential. Therefore we investigated the current condition of the tip of the acupuncture needles in Korea. Methods: We have selected the needles that made by 8 companies in Korea, and selected 50 pieces from 1000 pieces each company by randomized methods. and observed the tip of each needle using a scanning electron microscope at ${\times}800$ magnification. Results & Discussion: We found that needles had several defects such as scratch marks on the surface, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities of the needle tips, stubbed or malformed tips, tips of point off-center, peeled off coated tips. There was much difference on the quality of needle among the manufacturer, and some needles seem to need to do- thorough quality control. It is necessary to intensify quality management and a concentrated control on manufacturing process of acupuncture needles.

• 복식
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.122-136
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• 2007

All costumes used for dramatic effect delivers the character's individual data such as sex, age, social position, job, personality, and sense of values in the scene and leads the progress of drama as a media that describes psychological condition and image of the drama etc. symbolically. Therefore, it has a meaning of finding out the importance of film costume, recognizing the traditional culture through the expression and creativity limited to the age in expression, finding out the unique Korean beauty and succeeding it to the future generation. The film is the first costume drama in Korea, which is remake work of Lt;Les Liasions dangereuses, 1782> in the age of the King Jeongjo in Joseon Dynasty. And is comic costume drama that the story goes as a man of the noblest birth debuts as a filthy novel writer. Both films have remarkable grace, elegance and magnificence as having Joseon Dynasty on the background, and treats irregularities and dissipation hidden in the noble society that looks elegance on the surface. There are three aesthetic symbolism in films, naturalism neat beauty, traditionality expressed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(I)
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• pp.727-732
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• 2002

This study is to develop the model of alignment optimization based on design criteria by approaching through alignment of railway design and problems in economy, environment and technology for satisfying traffic volume of the main roads caused by economical and social developments. Now, Geographic Information System isn't applied when designing a present railway in home. And the design of railway alignment is still set on importance of transition curves and cant according to passenger comfort in abroad so tile study of railway alignment is at initiation phase so far. This paper is about decision of optimal alignment between two stations such as starting point and ending point automatically using GIS in optimization of railway alignment. A route between Sungsan city and Shinpung city is the training area and the study compared and evaluated optimal railway route by GIS automatically with present railway route designed. Present optimal fomulas was used in this study for optimization of railway alignment. The model of optimization of railway alignment was developed through topographical elements and it was mentioned by the model of road alignment because of the similarity in design of alignment. But the design of lateral track irregularities, cant fur passenger comfort and motion sickness fellowed by train rolling have to be considered more. Anyway, this study farmed the basis of using GIS and the study should be keep going on in the future.

• 의정연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.5-36
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• 2017

촛불의 분노는 부패한 박근혜 정부를 무너뜨리고 문재인 정부를 탄생시켰다. 촛불의 거시적 배경은 세계화와 신자유주의가 조성한 사회적 부조리와 불평등이며 촛불은 광범한 사회개혁과 복지국가를 요구한다. 문재인 정부가 촛불의 요구를 실현하려면 정치제도를 개혁해야 한다. 개혁의 핵심은 촛불의 요구를수용하는 것이며 이를 위해서는 비례대표제와 의회중심제가 절대적이다. 그러나 현실은 제도 개혁에 대해 수동적이고 미온적이다. 이런 점은 기득권 엘리트가 촛불이 웅변하는 변혁보다는 현상유지를 바라기 때문이다. 왜 비례대표제와 의회중심제가 민심을 반영하는가에 대한 지식과 정보가 광범위하게 확산되어야 한다. 학자는 정부형태와 사회적 요구 사이의 관계에 대해 논쟁하여 문제를 제기하고 미디어는 학문적 논의가 헌법개혁과 정치제도로 나타나도록 기여해야 한다. 비례대표제와 다당제 하에서 다양한 사회적 이해가 반영되며 이는 연합정부를 매개로 정책으로 실현된다. 중산층 정당과 진보정당은 보편복지를통해 연합정부에 참여하고 복지국가재정에 필요한 증세를 추진한다. 강력한정당기능에 기초한 의회중심제는 정당의 대표기능이 상대적으로 취약한 대통령제에 비해 강력한 사회정책을 제공한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1912-1922
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• 2010

This paper examines the types and characteristics of cartoon and animation characters in contemporary fashion in order to provide the basic data necessary for the development and use of fashion character designs that develop creative designs and culturally high values. This study examined the relevant literature, reviewed local publications, foreign fashion magazines, and Internet data from 2000 to 2009. In this way, it analyzed various visual images that reflect cartoon and animation characters in case studies. This paper found some expression types, which are the direct expression of characters through print or collage, the borrowing of character images, the use of cartoon expression techniques, and the use of characters for the composition of clothing forms. Those expression types had some similar characteristics. The first is the expression of a kidult-like entertainment that reflected the inner psychology of adults trying to escape from a complicated modem society and returning to their childhood. The second is the expression of satire. Cartoon and animation characters were used as a medium for pointing out social irregularities and evil deeds that taught the lesson of good triumphing over the evil in fashion; they expressed the satire of the modem society and delivered a message of purity and hope. The third is the use of a decorative factor. Each character was printed in primary colors or expressed in colorful beads, and serial cartoon scenes were printed on clothes and used to make a decorative effect of fashion designs.