• Informatization Policy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.25-49
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• 2011

As a way to gather diverse information required for everyday living, the importance of social networks has been growing. Social network services have been spreading rapidly because of diffusion of the Internet, evolution of social network sites, and recognition of the importance of social networks. Recently, the social network service has been evolved based on a new paradigm, Web 2.0, pursuing participation and openness. Following the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies, the social network service allows users to make and maintain new relationships in a more convenient way. Users of the social network service tend to reveal their personal information, and share their ideas and content with other people; in the process they become aware of their existence, feel satisfaction with life and exert influence to others as a member of the society. This study uses higher order factor analysis to analyze factors that affect the intention of using the social network service. A research model was developed with second-order factors including perceived social presence, perceived gratification and perceived social influence. First-order factors are grouped by technical, individual and social factors. Smart PLS 2.0 was used to conduct empirical analysis. The analysis results supported the validity of the research model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.236-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human, social and cultural capital and ecological variables on volunteering among older adults. In this study, three variables of education, income and physical health were examined as human capital factors, two variables of formal and informal interaction as social capital factors, three variables of religion, cultural organization participation and quality of life as cultural capital factors, and three variables of existence of spouse, housing tenure and residence area as ecological factors. In addition, two variables of volunteering participation and continuous volunteering participation intention were considered as dependent variables. For this study, "Senior Job Replacement Project Participants" data collected by the Korea Labor Force Development Institute for the Aged were used and analyzed employing logistic regression analysis technique. This study found that three human capital variables(education, income, physical health) had positive effects on volunteering participation and continuous participation intention among older adults; of the two social capital variables, informal interaction had a positive effect on both volunteering participation and continuous participation intention, whereas formal interaction had a positive effect only on continuous participation intention; three cultural capital variables(religion, cultural organization participation, quality of life) had positive effects on both volunteering participation and continuous participation intention; and of three ecological variables, housing tenure and residence area had positive effects on volunteering participation and continuous participation intention, whereas existence of spouse had no significant effects on dependent variables.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the factors such as self-esteem, social supports, socio-economic status of parents, degree of disability in child, stress coping, religion, and sports.exercise on the qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Data were collect from 45 institutions(schools from kindergarten to senior-high, special education institutes, and social welfare institutions) by self-report questionnaire, and the subjects of the study were 386 mothers in Seoul whose children were attending the schools or institutions. Findings according to socio-demographic variables are as follows: 1. Mothers with disabled children in this study thought their quality of life as average degree. 2. The younger the mothers and children, the higher the quality of life was. 3. The higher the educational level and monthly income, the higher the quality of life was. 4. There was no statistically significant difference between the existence and nonexistence of spouse, and between the existence and nonexistence of religion as well. Findings analyzed by multiple regression are as follows: 1. Among 7 independent variables 'self-esteem'(${\beta}$=.49, p<.001), 'social supports'(${\beta}$=.15, p<.01), and 'socio-economic status'(${\beta}$=.11, p<.05) were found to be statistically significant in quality of life in mothers, while the rests were found not significant. 2. 'Self-esteem' was found to be the most influencing variable, meaning that the psychological factor such as self-esteem is more important than environmental factors in qualities of lives in mothers. 3. The total amount of explanation of the model was Adjusted R square=.301, so that it can be said about 30% can be explained among total variance of the qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Conclusions and recommendations based on the results above are: First, it is strongly recommended to conduct programs promoting self-esteem in mothers with disabled children, and to include 'self-esteem' hereafter in the studies related to qualities of lives in mothers with disabled children. Second, comprehensive and practical countermeasures should to be formulated to back up expenses for education and medical care, purchasing relative tools and equipments, plus helping to find jobs.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.435-456
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• 2012

This study attempted to understand awareness for the overall need of family counseling and aims at providing a direction of support for family counseling that is leveled at married immigrant women and their families. To achieve this, this study analyzed data from the 2010 National Multicultural Families Survey, which was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Frequency, distribution, and hierarchical multipleregression analyses on demographic variables, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, and experience of family counseling were conducted in view that these were factors that affected awareness for family counseling, with a total of 58,072 immigrant women who came to Korea. The results of this study are as follows: First, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, the study revealed that subjects recognized the need for family counseling as moderate and their Korean language skills were also moderate. Social supporters did not exceed more than two people including from both Koreans and their country natives, and subjects were satisfied with the relationships to their spouse, children, and parents in-law. Second, there were differences in opinion between the nationalities of the married immigrant women regarding the need for family counseling. Third, the following is the result of the influence of the awareness of the need for family counseling based on the demographic variables of the existence or non-existence of Korean language ability, social support, satisfactory family relationships and previous experience of family counseling.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2024

In this study, we delve into the effects of personalization algorithms on the creation of "filter bubbles," which can isolate individuals intellectually by reinforcing their pre-existing biases, particularly through personalized Google searches. By setting up accounts with distinct ideological learnings-progressive and conservative-and employing deep neural networks to simulate user interactions, we quantitatively confirmed the existence of filter bubbles. Our investigation extends to the deployment of an LSTM model designed to assess political orientation in text, enabling us to bias accounts deliberately and monitor their increasing ideological inclinations. We observed politically biased search results appearing over time in searches through biased accounts. Additionally, the political bias of the accounts continued to increase. These results provide numerical evidence for the existence of filter bubbles and demonstrate that these bubbles exert a greater influence on search results over time. Moreover, we explored potential solutions to mitigate the influence of filter bubbles, proposing methods to promote a more diverse and inclusive information ecosystem. Our findings underscore the significance of filter bubbles in shaping users' access to information and highlight the urgency of addressing this issue to prevent further political polarization and media habit entrenchment. Through this research, we contribute to a broader understanding of the challenges posed by personalized digital environments and offer insights into strategies that can help alleviate the risks of intellectual isolation caused by filter bubbles.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.1 s.37
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• pp.64-72
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• 1992

To provide the information necessary for the insurance medicine management plan, price discount rates among the insurance medicines were studied. A total of 2,107 items of insurance medicine of which prices were discounted via governmental inspections of real transactional process of insurance medicine were analysed. The conclusions are as follows; 1. Among the variables relevant to the characteristics of manufacturers, price discount rates of insurance medicines were statistically significant with production rankings of manufacturers, incorporation year, existence of investments by foreign corporation, existence of a research institute, and enrollment in the exchange. And among the variables relevant to the properties of medicines, the number of enrolled items which have the same components, classification, the date of new enrollment, the sales of items, and the number of raw materials in the items were statistically significant. 2. Stepwise multiple regression was done to identify the factors which affect the price discount rates of insurance medicines. The number of enrolled items which have the same components, production rankings of manufactures, classification number (medicines for function of tissue cells), incorporation year(1940-1949), existence of investments by foreign corporations, classification number (anti-germ medicines), number of raw materials In the items, the sales of items, and medicines whose major objective is not treatment were significant variables and the $R^2$-value for these variables was 21.2%. Considering all of the above results, for management of insurance medicines, it seems important that the real transactional prices of insurance medicines should be identified systematically, focusing on the properties which affect the price discount rates of insurance medicines.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-121
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• 2017

Standard makers in both private and public sectors have been increasingly mandating security standards upon organizations to protect organizational digital assets. A major issue in security standardization is that standards often cannot regulate all possible security efforts by the standard maker because some efforts are unverifiable by nature. This paper studies from an analytical perspective how a standard maker should design the standard using a verifiable security control in the presence of another related unverifiable one. We compare it with two benchmark standards; $na{\ddot{i}}ve$-standard which refers to the standard maker who ignores the existence of the unverifiable control, and complete-information standard which refers to the maker sets standards on both controls. Optimal standard and benchmark standard depend critically on how the two controls are configured. Under parallel configuration, the existence of the unverifiable control induces the policy maker to set a higher standard (the complete-information standard is optimal); under serial configuration, a lower standard is applied (neither benchmark works). Under best-shot configuration and if the verifiable control is more cost-efficient, the existence of the unverifiable control has no impact on the optimal standard (the $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ standard is optimal).

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.252-261
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• 2020

Objectives: Chronic diseases (CDs) continue to increase due to advances in medicine and increase in lifespan, affecting quality of life and resulting in economic loss through treatment costs. This study addressed the perception characteristics of the effectiveness of Korean medicine (KM) based on the existence of a CD to determine the national preference for KM treatment. Methods: Using data from the 2017 National Survey of KM Usage, we evaluated the perception on treatment effect of 16 diseases by dividing them into the CD group and the non-CD group. Response reliability was verified by applying the chi-square test (χ2-test) analysis method of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical program. Results: The analysis of the perception on effectiveness of KM for patients with CD (n = 1,050, 21.0%) and for patients with non-CD (n = 3,950, 79.0%) showed an overall similar trend for all the 16 diseases. The response rates of having some treatment effect were high for nine diseases namely, disc-related disease (CD: 70.7%, non-CD: 73.1%), osteoarthritis (CD: 72.3%, non-CD: 72.4%), frozen shoulder and shoulder pain (CD: 79.6%, non-CD: 81.4%), back pain (CD: 84.6%, non-CD: 85.0%), sprain (CD: 84.8%, non-CD: 84.1%), facial nerve paralysis (CD: 73.5%, non-CD: 71.7%), stroke (CD: 66.2%, non-CD: 62.8%), digestive disease (CD: 53.3%, non-CD: 50.0%), and common cold and rhinitis (CD: 44.7%, non-CD: 44.8%). Conclusion: The present results found that there was little difference in the perception on effectiveness of KM for each of the 16 diseases in patients with CD and non-CD, however, 70% or more of the respondents recognized some treatment effect on musculoskeletal disorders, regardless of the existence of CD. Preferential political support for KM treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.193-217
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• 2005

Due to the increasing concerns with the North Korean defectors, the researches have been increased. When it is compared with other areas, the researches about the North Korean defectors are rare. The sample size of this study is 164, which makes it possible to do statistical inferences. As statistical methods, t-test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regressions are used. This study examines the effect of the adjustment stress and the social support on the depressive symptoms. Demographic factors such as gender, age and education are controlled. The context factors-the period of the stay in the third place, the period of residence and the existence of the education in Korea- are used as control variables. The research results show that the level of social participation of the women is higher than that of men. Also, there are differences of the functional social support by the age group. The research result indicates the education of South Korea is an important factor to reduce the depressive symptoms. The research result also shows that the jobless is an important stressor. Among structural social support, the member of religious or social group is an important factor for reducing depressive symptoms. Among functional social support, the emotional social support is an important factor of adaptation, but the effect of instrumental social support is the opposite. Therefore, the adequacy of social support in a specific situation must be considered.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the social support, family and friend support as well as home care nurse support, in family caregivers of patients with home care service. Method: The participants were 111 family caregivers of patient, who were receiving home care services from home health care centers of 3 different general hospitals located in Seoul. The data was collected, using self-administered questionnaires. Result: The level of family and friend support varied significantly according to patients' mental status, period of home care nursing, frequency of home care service, caregiver's education level, family income, and family functioning level. On the other hand, home care nurse support varied significantly according to patients' mental status, caregiver's age, existence of interchangeable family caregivers, and family functioning level. There was a significantly positive correlation between the social support the family caregivers' perceived and family function while there was a negative correlation between family and friend support and the period of home care service. Conclusion: Thus, the establishment of nursing interventional program, with understanding of their social support, is needed for both patients and their caregivers.