• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of individuals with social anxiety tendency and normal people according to existence of emotional context in attention processing for positive facial stimulation. To do this, we investigated attentional processing for positive face stimuli in a condition without/with emotional context. SADS and CES-D were administered to 800 undergraduate students in D city and the social anxiety group (SA, n=24) and the normal control group (NC, n=24) were selected. In order to measure the two factors of attention process (attention engagement and attention disengagement), first gaze direction and first gaze time were measured through eye-movement tracking. The results show that the SA group exhibited faster attention disengagement from positive face stimuli compared to the NC group in the condition without context. But, when the positive context presented with positive face stimuli, there is no difference between SA and NC. This result suggests that the positive background affects emotional processing of social anxiety disorder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of malnutrition, social network and health-related quality of life and to investigate the main factors influencing health-related quality of life in elders. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 196 elders. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score for health related quality of life was 3.33 (SD=0.86). Differences in health-related quality of life were statistically significant according to age, gender, occupation, presence of spouse, monthly income, source of income, economic status, medicine, and existence of chronic disease. Health-related quality of life was significantly correlated with malnutrition and social network. Major factors affecting health related quality of life for elders were malnutrition, occupation, age, social network, and economic status which explained 52.0% of the variance in health related quality of life. Conclusion: Findings provide a basis for developing nursing interventions to improve health-related quality of life. Future studies are needed a wide variety of variables that might influence health -related quality of life in elders.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.191-219
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• 2014

The major purpose of this study was to explore care giving experiences of mothers, who have their children with borderline intellectual functioning disorder. The core analytical strategy was to find out the essential meaning of caring their children. For this purpose, eight mothers were participated in depth interview, which conducted during October, 2011 through July 2012. The face-to-face interview repeated two or three times based on phenomenological perspective. The interview suggested two major findings: changing mother's view from raising retarded children to caregiving a child with growing-up substantially slow speed; the essence of nurturing experiences for mothers, whose children have borderline intellectual functioning, was to watching with attention rather than advocating ownership. This result can be also found in Barshow's concept of 'watching' rather than 'possession', which is suggested by Tennyson. However, the essential meaning of this concept was associated with 'watching with care', which was originated form Goethe's notion of 'existence'. Mother's of children with borderline intellectual functioning have reached a point of view: when creating a parent-child relationship, it was essential that the child was not 'my child', but was 'a child' per se. This type of parent-child relationship was a result of giving up a desire that the child raised within mother's boundary. It was also a result of psychological warfare and conflict in mother's mind. To internalized this view, it is recommended that the mothers implement the following three perspectives: first, the mothers put down overly-pushed motive toward their children; second, they enhance their level of understanding toward their child; third, it is necessary that the mothers build a new sense of existence through matching their level of concern with their children.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-200
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• 2007

This study look into the 3 stages which is distinguished by the usage of human in Man-Kyeong river. 'A nature based usage stage' is acknowledge the river itself and used only the tributary and built reservoir in a small scale from ancient to 1910s. 'A human based usage stage' is built the large scale reservoir at upper stream area and make the artificial waterway from 1920s. And the main stream is remodeled to protect the flood and get the agricultural land. 'A human and nature integration stage' is the main stream has a role not only the spill way but also clean water for inhabitants does together with river. The role and meaning of river is given newly. The development of technique and increase the need of the human is required the change in the role and meaning of river. The river is natural existence as it is, but the meaning and role is given by the human. Also it accompanied the change of the landscape in neighbor region. The natural river is controled the human life in the past, but it changed to social existence which is given the role and meaning by the human now.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.3-24
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• 2015

Crimes must be reduced not only because of the financial, physical, and emotional damages they bring to the victims but also because crimes increase social costs by elevating distrust in society and instilling fear. With the increasing number of crimes in Korea, finding other factors that affect the occurrence of crimes is needed beyond the current viewpoint for crime analysis. Social support factors can be candidates for studies on the social support effect on crime occurrence in their initial stage. In this study, we identified the effect of social support factors on crime occurrence or deterrence, none of which has been considered important until now, given the emergence of spatial econometrics. The resulting Moran's I values revealed the existence of a spatial autocorrelation in all three crimes: heinous crimes, theft, and violence. As shown in the analysis using spatial econometrics and ordinary least squares, social support from families is significant in reducing all crimes especially violence. Social support from the local government is significant in preventing only theft. The spatial econometrics model is only valid in heinous crimes. These different effects of social support factors and spatial factors on crime occurrences are caused by the different characteristics of crimes. Hence, policymakers should consider the social support effect when they establish policies related to social housing or welfare.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.271-278
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• 2022

This study attempted to prepare basic data for international students with Vietnamese nationality in Korea to identify positive psychological capital, social support, social presence, and quality of life and to prepare support measures to improve their quality of life. Data collection is from May 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021, and was conducted through an online survey for anonymity and convenience. For data analysis, the IBM SPSS/25 statistical program was used, and the significance level for the results was measured as .05, and the reliability of each measurement tool was calculated. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the age of the subjects was '24 years old-27 years old', and women accounted for the majority. In the fourth grade, the fourth grade was the most, with "outgoing" personality, "sometimes" experiences of interpersonal conflict, "more than four years and less than five years" in the period of residence in Korea, and the level of Korean proficiency was "grade three." Second, the average quality of life of Vietnamese international students was 3.52 points (out of 5 points), positive psychological capital was 3.98 points (out of 6 points), social support was 2.96 points (out of 4 points), and social presence was 3.59 points (out of 5 points). Third, in the case of the quality of life of Vietnamese international students, there was a significant difference according to their personality, and as a result of post-verification, the quality of life of the 'extroverted' group was higher than the 'mixed' group. There was a significant difference according to interpersonal conflict), and as a result of post-examination, the "no conflict" group had a higher quality of life than the "conflict frequent" group. Fourth, the factors that most affected the subject's quality of life were social support, positive psychological capital, and personality (extroverted). The explanatory power of the model was 33.2%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2015

Introduction: Overexposure to sun radiation and particularly its accumulation during childhood and adolescence is a significant risk factor for skin cancer development. The sun burn is particularly important. Aim: To estimate sun burn incidence in young pupils in a coastal area of Greece. Materials and Methods: Two surveys were conducted in a school population in the same district in Greece, over different periods of time, in young people 9 to 18 years old (n=2 977). Anonymous questionnaires were completed. Levels of significance were two-tailed and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: From the individual characteristics of the participants it was shown that the majority of them had dark hair and fair skin, whereas a significant percentage reported the existence of moles on face and their body (83.4% vs 68.1%). The sun burn incidence was high in adolescents and the younger pupils (41.9% vs 55.6%). The younger aged children who were living in an urban area had significantly higher rates of sun burn than those living in semi-urban areas (33.8% vs 24.8%, p=0.020). As far as the knowledge of pupils about the risks of sun radiation it was shown that the elementary school pupils had better knowledge than those at high school. Finally, those with better knowledge had the fewer sun burns (Mean 2.83 SD 0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions: The contribution of knowledge to the decrease of sun burn incidence is important as long as this is continuous. Therefore, the education should concern not only children but also teachers and parents in the context of continuous and systematic programs of health education.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-218
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• 2009

Bring this analysis down to people-centered development perspective and looking through democratization in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia, we find similarities and differences among them related with the intensity of conflicts between development and human rights in the process of democratization in line with global transformation. Civil society in the Philippines criticized the developmental path in the Philippines which failed to implement land reform and eradication of poverty under the transition from 'patrimonial oligarchy' to democracy. In Thailand the coalition of military and the royalists had consolidated its power since Sarit military regime, which later paved the way 'hybrid oligarchy' era. Most Thai civil society organizations has regarded their developmental experience rather as 'maldevelopment' which disregarded economic and social rights. It has been especially believed by Thai localists that the stimulation of local markets and the building of autonomic community society will form the alternative economy without going against the conservative banner of nation, religion and king. Thaksin as a populist successfully took advantage of Thai localist ethos in favour of taking the seat of power. He projected himself as a modernizer focused on economic growth and cleaner politics. However Thaksin's procedural legitimacy was overthrown by counterattacking from military-royalist alliance, pretexting that Thaksin caused internal conflicts and lacked morality. Soeharto's New Order regime which can be called 'administrative oligarchy' had an antipathy towards notions of economic and social rights as well as civil and political rights. In spite of the fact that the fall of Soeharto opened the political space for democratic civil society organizations which had long struggled with development aggression and human rights abuses, there have been continuously a strong political and military reaction against human rights activists, NGOs and ethnic minorities such as Aceh and Papua. Nevertheless, Indonesian democracy is more promising than Philippine's and Thai democracy in terms of comparatively less pre-modern legacies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Purpose - This study attempts to analyze whether or not there are characteristics among the top management of companies that promote corporate performance at venture companies. It investigates the characteristics of the human and social capital that are inherent in top management at a venture company and conducts an empirical analysis of hypotheses examining if these characteristics will affect utilization of the governmental R&D support system as well as affect the firm's initial success. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted theoretical and empirical research together to accomplish the goal of the study. The pilot study researched human capital and social capital as the independent variables; the governmental R&D support system as the parameter; and, the initial success as the dependent variable. The empirical study carried out research on the model, establishment of hypotheses, and the statistical treatment. A survey was conducted targeting top management of high-tech venture companies in Daedeok Innopolis; 500 questionnaires were distributed; and, 222 were collected. Results - The human and social capital inherent in top management at venture companies in the early stages of their existence become good evaluation data for those who are invested in similar resources. If top management includes strong human and social capital, access to external resources will be easier; these will have a positive influence on the selection of overnmental support systems; and, this proper support will also have a positive influence on the initial success of the venture company. The results revealed the following. First, it was found that when the educational level and functional background, (the top management human capital), are the output function, top management human capital had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support funds. Second, it was found that the internal social capital and external social capital, (the top management social capital), had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support tasks. Third, it was found that selection of the governmental R&D support tasks at the start of the venture company had a positive influence on the corporate financial performance such as sales, business profits, and the increase in workers; and, had a significant influence on nonfinancial performance such as market share, competitive position, product competitiveness, and the future product development. Conclusions - Selection of the governmental R&D support system is not recognized as part of the direct sales of a venture company in its early stages, but as it can reduce costs for technical development and helps significantly in creating test products and mass production, it has a positive influence on the company's financial performance and nonfinancial performance as a result. Therefore, companies should take great efforts to frequently be selected as a candidate in the governmental R&D support system, as it can help facilitate R&D that requires extensive funds. As a result, companies can expect effects such as job creation and patent applications and they can advance future product sales.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-101
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of social presence as means of self-awareness and interpersonal-awareness on the cyber-aggressive behavior. The cyber-aggressive behavior (flaming and direct aggression use of character) should be differ from existence of social presence and type of social presence of internet users. To test hypothesis, an experiment was executed a field study on cyberspace, an on-line game, "fortress 2 blue forever". I made a chat-room in the game site to conduct an experiment to 107 person who entered the chat-room and blinded ignorance of this situation made by researchers. As the subjects enter the chat-room, he chats with 3 researchers who were waiting before he gets in. The social presence was operated with 3 phases by the contents of the chat (①control group; nothing, ②experimental group 1; reaction about other people ③experimental group 2; reaction about other people + self-exposure by an exchange information of their home region). The studies show that, subjects of the control group behaved more aggressively than other subjects of the experimental groups(both flaming and direct aggression use of character). Meantime, I compared experimental group 1 with experimental group 2 to investigate difference between the type of social presence. As the result, subjects of the experimental group 1 behaved more aggressively than experimental group 2 (only flaming, there's no difference in direct aggression use of character).