• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-159
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• 2017

This study examines the social recognition of teachers' treatment and teaching profession through the comparison and analysis of the teachers' remuneration systems in the Republic of Korea(hereafter, Korea) and Canada. For this purpose, literature review and qualitative research were conducted. As a result of comparing and analyzing the orientation of teachers' remuneration systems in both countries and perception of teachers, the following differences were found. First, in terms of the management philosophy of the remuneration system, Korea emphasized the efficiency of the national competitiveness dimension, while Canada focused on the interrelationship with development of individual-oriented competency. Second, although the remuneration systems for teachers in both countries are quite different, they have aimed at establishing a reasonable remuneration system, which considers equality in common. But the position on equality was different between the two countries. In the case of Korea, equity was considered by comparing the pay scale with those of other government employees, while equity in Canada mainly had to do with gender equality. Third, the teachers of both countries regarded the sense of duty and ethics as important qualities of the teaching profession, and they recognized the social safety net as an indicator of their social status. However, there was a difference in attitude toward the teaching profession. In Korea, it was deemed to be a stable and socially desirable profession, but the entry barriers were quite high and the remuneration system was relatively rigid. In Canada, on the other hand, it was easy to enter the teaching profession and the remuneration system was far less rigid. But teachers were more likely to quit or take a second job, and their social status fluctuated.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.108-128
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• 2000

The Korean government has implemented the policy for merging 141 health insurers into Korean Unified Health Insurer (KUHI) in July of 2000. The unification of multiple insurers will definitely effect the stability of financial management, equity of premium burdens and efficiency of administrative management. However, it is difficult to predict what forms the far-reaching effects of the unification would take. Thus, pursuing the unification may be express as a huge policy experiment. In order to lead the unification, which lies on a crossroad between success and failure, to the road of success, we need to infer the problems and obstacles predicted in the step-wise processes of merging organizations, finances and the systems of computing premium, and come up with the effective means to maintain the stability of financial management, to improve the equity of premium burdens and to increase the efficiency of administrative management. Thus, I first described the changes of the Korean medical insurance system, and analyzed the performances of self-employed medical insurance 1 year after the integration of societies in October of 1998. At the base of examining the stability of financial management, equity of premium burdens and efficiency of administrative management, I predicted the problems and obstacles that could occur after the unification of the multiple medical insurers, and proposed a few ways of leading the unification of the multiple medical insurers in Korea to success. The most worried factor is that insurance finance would become unstable since the expansion of premium revenues is not easy because raising the premium for all Koreans is to be difficult. In addition, the unification of insurance finance could weaken the insurer's efforts for declaring real incomes of the self-employed and increasing the collection rate of premiums from them. This weakening would be the decisive factor of lowering the equity of premium contributions between the self-employed and employees. And bureaucratization and rigidity that are unavoidable in a gigantic unified organization could lower the efficiency of administrative management. Furthermore, by having 3 labor unions in the unified organization, it is possible to experience frequent difficulties and discords among the unions and between the unions and organization. Thus, when smooth pursuing of the unification of multiple insurers gets difficult, the social expenses derived from the failure would eventually end up on all Koreans. The unification is to be performed after coming up with the ways to eradicate these worries, so that the unification of multiple insurers would step onto the road of success.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among mathematics teachers' beliefs, classroom norms and discourse, and equity issues in mathematics classrooms. In order to achieve this purpose, three teachers who work in the same school were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the participating teachers' beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning and about their students' abilities and motivation influenced the establishment of classroom norms and discourses that defined what students needed to do to be successful mathematics learners. Also, classroom norms and discourse affected the development of students' identity and power and the level of equity in the classroom.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-94
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• 2000

Korea's social health insurance system was introduced in 1977, which has made a universal coverage possibly by July 1989. Korean government had pursued a single objective for the last decade to put the whole population under the coverage of medical security, and the objective was achieved within 12 years. The rapid accomplishment is primarily due to such factors as limited benefits, high copayment rate, low contributions as well as rapid economic growth. There are several sources of pressure for the implementation of social health insurance such as health professional group, labor unions, politicians, international organizations etc.. However it is important to look at the feasibility of social health insurance. Among other things, it is necessary to identify the administrative infrastructure of insurance system and to assess income for source of fund. As many developed countries, Korea began to apply health insurance to the employees of the large firms, and the expansion based on employment status. Thus the several funds system was inevitable according to the gradual expansion strategy. However many persons had criticized several funds system in respect with equity and efficiency aspects. In the short history of the Korean health insurance, whether one fund or sever or funds had been the most controversial issue. In Febrary 1999, the National Assembly passed the act of one fund system. From July 2000 separate funds will be unifed under new health insurance scheme. In this study we will analyze the policy making process on implementation, expansion and integration of health insurance system of Korea. And also analyse problems related to policy making.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.539-549
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditures and both financial and non-financial performance of Jordanian commercial banks during the period 2008-2018. To measure the variables of interest, secondary data published on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) website were processed to become preliminary data suitable for the nature of the study. The study sample amounted to 13 commercial banks, which represent all Jordanian commercial banks listed on ASE.. The study found that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between CSR expenditures and financial performance, as the study showed that the return on equity (ROE) has a positive and significant relationship with CSR expenditure, while the return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q model have a statistically significant negative relationship with CSR expenditure, while the market stock price (MSP) had a positive, but not statistically significant. The study also found that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between CSR expenditures and non-financial performance, which was represented by total deposits and total training expenditures in Jordanian commercial banks. Accordingly, the study recommends encouraging banks to prepare sustainability reports and CSR reports, which are considered comprehensive, and not only with disclosures within the annual reports.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.69-77
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• 2024

Purpose: This paper aims to tackle the challenges and opportunities of cities' response to COVID-19 and provide cities with policy implications for better adapting to the post-pandemic era. Cities around the world are facing new challenges and have had to adapt to maintain social distancing measures while also addressing equity and social inclusion issues. Research design, data and methodology: The research methodology relies on an examination of existing literature, coupled with trend analysis employing discourse analysis to investigate post-pandemic urban resilience. The article also attempts to employ the concepts of adaptive urbanism and spatial flexibility and their potential to address these challenges not only in response to the pandemic, but also in the long-term. Results: The article explores the impact of COVID-19 on urban spatial structure through a public health lens and proposes actions that cities are able to take to enhance their resilience in the aftermath of the pandemic. Conclusions: It underscores the significance of reconstructing with improved distribution dynamics and provides valuable guidance for companies and policymakers on navigating these challenges. Ultimately, it also suggests that the pandemic has initiated a worldwide restructuring of urban planning, potentially leading to the emergence of smart cities grounded in science and technology.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2020

Purpose: This study explored the contribution of social support resources to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in depressive symptoms of older Korean men and women. Methods: Data were derived from Living Profiles of Older People Survey (LPOPS), which comprises a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Korean older adults living in the community. The data were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression. The sample consisted of 4,046 men and 6,036 women aged ≥65 years. The Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short form (SGDS-K) was employed as an outcome variable. Results: Compared to the older men and women who were in higher socioeconomic status, those in lower socioeconomic status had significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms after adjusting for other covariates. When social support resources were individually included in the base model, each factor contributed to inequalities in depressive symptoms. Social networks explained about 20% of the differential impact of education and 10% to 15% of the differential impact of household income for depressive symptoms in men. Among women, it mitigated 23.6% to 39.0% of education and household income inequalities for depressive symptoms. Social participation contributed to buffer depressive symptom inequalities of 24.0% to 46.3% among men and those of 11.7% to 45.3% among women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest community care nurses acknowledge the value of social support resources to alleviate socioeconomic inequality in depressive symptoms among older men and women.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2015

Looking at the existing game-related research, innumerable researches such as game acceptance, user satisfaction, continuance intention, wold-of-mouse intention have been carried out. However, there was no cases that applying the concept of service recovery in game researches. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact on the characteristic of the mobile social network game that based on domestic mobile social network game platform which focusing on KakaoTalk games on the service recovery. In addition, the study analyzed the characteristic factors of mobile social network game on the basis of Organizational Equity Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory to identified the causal relationship between those factors and service recovery. As a result, except the independent variable-compatibility, all of the characteristics factors of mobile social network game showed direct or indirect effects on service recovery. The results of this study are expected as a reference for presenting a new business model, reducing risk factors and enriching the related research of the gaming industry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1996

It is well agreed that transportation is not the end by itself, rather it is a means to achieve other goals to enhance the quality of life. Accordingly, various social impacts of transportation systems, such as destruction of community social life of urban residents, separation of community area, and accessibility restriction on the transportation handicapped, which can deteriorate the quality of life of the residents should be considered seriously in the process of urban transportation planning. The urban transportation planning process of Korea which emphasizes too much on the of efficiency objectives of transportation, however, have neglected greatly the social sides of urban transportation systems. This paper discusses major social impacts of urban transportation systems in Korea and proposes several research fields related to the social impacts of urban transportation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was first introduced sixty years ago in the academic field. However, the phrase CSR was not explicitly stated before the 1990s in Korean business and academic researches. Recently CSR is more considered a corporate strategy than a philanthropic donation. CSR comprises contributions to local communities as well as using environmentally beneficial and humane practices. Sponsoring is one available marketing tactic used in order to communicate with the market. This study of sponsorship has concentrated on developing brand asset by accessing potential values of sporting events or star-players. However, sponsorship includes providing funds or goods to non-profit institutions as well as sports or entertainment organizations. Accordingly corporate community-specific sponsorship is defined as firms offering to provide money, goods and/or services to individuals and/or institutions within a particular community, thus establishing an interdependent relationship between the partners aspiring to gain social and economic assets. National sponsorship is typically targeted toward commonly recognized individuals and/or organizations with the intent to maximize exposure of a sponsor's brand, and is known to positively affect brand equity(community-specific sponsorship is committed to a limited local area) that a firm could benefit from by gaining a specific asset. POSCO sponsors the Jukdo Market, locate dinthe city of Pohang, tohelp revive their traditional market. Inreturn, the Jukdo Market merchant suni on display sflags with the POSCO embleminfrontof stores with in the market intending to make shopper sand merchant saware of POSCO's sponsorship. POSCO has succeeded in acquiring public support from the citizens of Pohang. However, the economic effects resulting from the cooperative relationship between POSCO and the Jukdo Market have yet to be measured by any empirical research. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic effects created by the community-specific sponsorship from the groups of merchants and shoppers, measuring its influence on the corporate image and subsequent brand loyalty, as parts of brand equity. The result of the study shows that the community-specific sponsorship of POSCO of the Jukdo Market had different influences on its corporate image and the brand loyalty of shoppers and merchants. First, the merchant group who was more frequently exposed to POSCO's flag recognized the sponsorship of POSCO more than the shopper group, and, therefore, had a better image of the company. Second, the recognition of POSCO's sponsorship had a positive influence on its corporate image, and that positive corporate image had a positive effect on brand loyalty development. However, the recognition of the sponsorship did not have a direct influence on brand loyalty. The friendly corporate image developed by the recognition of the sponsorship consequently could have had an effect on brand loyalty. Therefore, companies should not relinquish investments to corporate image development if they require more brand loyalty. Third, the influence of corporate image on brand loyalty shows stronger results in the shopper group rather than in the merchant group. Psycho-graphic factors of shoppers and merchants might give rise to the difference between the two groups.