• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of the social distance maintenance and pedestrian route system was analyzed for Seoul Station, one of the multi use facilities according to the COVID-19 pandemic. For analysis, the Seoul Station pedestrian network was established through the survey of the number of passengers and CAD floor plan. A pedestrian that maintaining Social Distance was implemented using the Social Force Model. Based on this, scenario analysis was proceed. As a result, when the walking line system was installed the average walking speed decreased compared to the current situation. but the average density was analyzed that maintain the walking level of service (LOS)'C', this mean walking line system is effective, and the effect of the walking line system was proved. It can be used as a pedestrian simulation model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.505-513
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social distance between minority groups and nursing cadets. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the entire Armed Forces Nursing Academy cadets. Data from 273 nursing cadets were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Social distance had positive correlations with collective identity (r=.28) and multiculturalism (r=.37). A negative correlation was found between social distance and perceived threat (r=-.38). Perceived threat, multiculturalism, collective identity, and frequency of contact with minorities were identified as factors affecting the social distance. The model explained 24% of the variables. Conclusion: To effectively respond to the minority groups' nursing needs in the army, educational programs which help to reduce the perceived threat, to strengthen multiculturalism, and to establish a healthy collective identity of nursing cadets need to be developed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.554-566
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• 2017

Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of knowledge and attitude towards dementia on social distance from senile dementia among university students. Methods: The study was a descriptive study based on 235 university students. Data were collected from September 1 to 15, 2017 using a structured self-report questionnaire. Dementia knowledge, dementia attitude, and social distance from senile dementia were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: After adjusting for the general and dementia-related characteristics of the participants, the significant predictors of social distance from senile dementia among university students were dementia attitude. Moreover, knowledge and attitude towards dementia explained 27.8% of the variance in social distance from senile dementia among university students. Conclusion: The results indicate that educators need to make efforts to improve dementia attitude and to develop plans to increase dementia knowledge in order to reduce university students' prejudice against senile dementia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.476-486
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the social distance that physical therapists in rehabilitation clinics have for the person with disability. The subjects were 146 physical therapists at 8 sites in kyunggi provinces, investigated the social distance of the subjects by gender, age, religion, working years, circumstantial disorder. The results of this study were as follows. First, as for the social distance of the person with disability, the physical therapists showed relatively intimate perceived by the social distance and the sub-factors, physical distance and interpersonal distance. Second, they showed close social distance to the disabled when they had sex, age, working years, and showed close interpersonal distance to the disabled when they had male. Third, the subjects with disabled friends showed close physical and social distance to the disabilities. Finally, There was a significant correlation between the age of the physical therapist and the social distance to the disabled, there was a negative correlation between the number of years of work and the age, sex. Based on these results, interactions with disabled person affect the positive cognition toward disabilities. In addition, It is necessary to educate the therapist to change the attitudes and behaviors of the disabled person positively through improvement of the cognition of the disabled and direct experience with the disabled from the beginning of the clinic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2022

In the past two years, all sectors of society have been underdeveloped and suffered a significant damage due to COVID-19. In particular, people who were working in many areas of research were unable to do anything due to restrictions on meetings with people and social distancing. The purpose of this study is to develop a social distancing device that allows users to maintain the distance in accordance with the government guidelines through an analysis of people's social distancing methods in the COVID-19 society through UX Design. In order to develop the social distancing device, the distance is expressed by changing the color of LED based on research related to UI design such as ultrasonic distance sensor, battery, charging method, distance display method, etc. The outer form of the social distancing device is designed using 3D, the device is developed by installing ultrasonic distance sensor, neo-pixel module and Arduino after printing a prototype using a 3D printer, and this device is tested to develop a final product that helps the social distancing practice amid COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.327-341
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• 2018

This study analyzed the influence of social distance and visual information on consumers' fashion style preferences in terms of information characteristics and providers. Data were collected from 521 females in their twenties and thirties who had experience using SNS. The empirical study results were as follows. First, with other factors of exposure under control, the social distance of information characteristics and providers showed a significant impact on fashion style preferences only when social distances were close. Second, the impact of social distance varied depending on the consumer's characteristics. This proved that innovation had significant negative influences, while conformity and informational sensitivity to others showed positive influences on the effects of social distance in terms of information characteristics. Innovation and fashion leadership also showed a negative influence on the social distance effect in terms of information providers. Third, conformity, informational sensitivity to others, and fashion leadership, proved to have a significant impact on the acceptance of eWOM in fashion styles, but innovativeness and normative sensitivity to others did not have a significant influence. This study can be used as baseline data in SNS marketing strategies for vitalizing information spread through eWOM.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Purpose - This study's objective is to analyze the content of the communications between users and producers based on the construal level theory. User generated content refers to content created in an online-based service where users and producers communicate interactively with each other. In a user generated content platform, the messages sent and received between the many players, the users and producers who use the content, may be analyzed at the psychological level based on construal level theory. Research design, data, and methodology - This study gathered user and producer participation through a snow-bowling sampling method. The data analyzed includes 125 video clips and 2,912 comments. The period of the data collection was from September 2014 to December 2014. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and two-way ANOVA. Results - This study obtained the following research results. First, users who were a short social distance from producers responded to user participatory activities stated in concrete language rather than abstract language. In contrast, users who were at a longer social distance from producers tended to respond to the content requesting user participation through abstract language. Second, if users and producers were at a short social distance from each other, user preference increased more when a producer response to user participation was expressed concretely rather than when it was expressed abstractly. In contrast, if the users were at a longer social distance, users' preferences increased more when producer response was expressed abstractly rather than when it was expressed concretely. Conclusion - This study found that the effect of suitability, in which the social distance and the content were in congruence at the construal level, could be observed. Therefore, based on this, academic and practical implications were drawn. The three main insights of the study are as follows. First, firms can use psychological factors to analyze the message content of users in their distribution platforms. This study reveals managerial implications for marketing managers who want to take make use of this analysis of user and producer communications. This study indicates that the main factors include the concrete and abstract scores and social distance between users and producers. Second, we also provide the strategic guidelines to maximizing user preferences and other outcomes. The main dependent variable in this study is the user preference shift; the variable increases through the congruence effect; and the construal level is determined by the social distance between the users and producers and the type of producer response. The outcomes here from users can be utilized to develop several systemic strategies. One process to use the outcomes could be: (1) firms could measure the users and producers social distance; (2) calculate the concreteness or abstractness of the messages; and, (3) predict the user preference outcomes by the congruence between user and producer social distance and the abstractness or concreteness of the message content.

• (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.7-42
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• 2014

This study is designed to examine the effects of information source's social distance on message attitude and online word-of-mouth intention (e-WOM). It also examined the moderation effects of blatant persuasive intention of message, the normative interpersonal influences, and the informative interpersonal influences on the relationship between social distance and advertising effectiveness. This study employed an experiment: 2(far/near social distance far/near) ${\times}2$(high/low blatant persuasive intention of message) ${\times}$(high/low normative interpersonal influences) ${\times}2$(high/low informative interpersonal influences). The results of this study are as follows. First, closer social distance led to more positive message attitude and higher online word-of-mouth intention. Second, when blatant persuasive intention of message is low, the effects of social distance on message attitude and WOM intention were more noticeable while those effects were less significant for high blatant persuasive intention of message. Third, there were no interaction effects of social distance and normative interpersonal influences on advertising effectiveness. Fourth, the effects of social distance on message attitude and WOM intention were more significant for high informative interpersonal influences than for low informative interpersonal influences. Implications of study findings are provided for strategic use of corporate Facebook page to generate positive consumer responses.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

This study developed a method which recognizes emotional interactions from the social distance by a beacon wearable device. The recognized interaction was evaluated by comparing with the cardiovascular synchrony from photoplethysmogram (PPG). The interaction was recognized when social distance was maintained for a certain period of time. The cardiovascular synchrony was estimated by correlation anaysis between beat per minute (BPM) from PPG. The maintenance time was determined by Mann-Whitney U test between the cardiovascular synchrony of interaction and non-interaction groups. Fifteen groups (2 persons per a group) participated in the experiment and they were asked to wear the beacon and PPG wearable devices in daily life. Experimental results showed that the interaction groups had more higher cardiovascular synchrony than non-interaction groups and the significant interaction time was determined to be 11 seconds (p=.045). Consequently, the real-time measurement and evaluation of the social network in real space was expected to be improved.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social distance of college students toward women immigrants by marriage and influencing factors. The considered factors were stereotypes, emotions and socioeconomic variables. The subjects were 324 college students and the data were collected during October 15-29, 2007. Findings of this study are as follows: the college students' scores of social distance toward women immigrants by marriage were less than midpoint (3.0), which means that the social distance of college students toward women immigrants by marriage was not that high. The college students' score of negative stereotype and positive stereotype were very similar. The score of sympathetic emotion was a little higher than negative emotion and positive emotion. To find the factors affecting social distances, regression analysis was executed. The social distances of students were influenced by negative emotions and positive emotions toward the women immigrants by marriage. Stereotypes toward women immigrants by marriage did not have a significant influence on social distances. These variables accounted for 44% of the variance of social distances.