• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.31-68
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• 2017

This study examined the moonlighting behavior in Korea, to which relatively less attention has been paid. Based on the wage earners of 25 to 65 year old married, the results show that about 1.4% of the sample have dual jobs, working very long hours, on average 60 hours for a week combining both the primary job and the secondary job. The results of the fixed effects logit model on the moonlighting participation indicate that the wage rate and the hours of work in the primary job have a negative effect on moonlighting participation while the insecurity of the primary job appears to lead to a higher probability of taking a secondary job. The results of the moonlighting hours analysis suggest that hours worked in the primary job have a negative effect on moonlight hours while the wage of the primary job does not appear to have any significant effect on moonlighting hours. Interestingly enough, the wage of the secondary job appears to have a negative impact on moonlighting hours, which might be very plausible considering the long working hours moonlighters are engaged in.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to establish better residential environment in APT. complex. In this study, the actual conditions of exterior space, user behavior and degree of satisfaction are investigated and analyzed on the 5 high-rise story APT complex in Taegu city. The results of this study were as follow ; The size and arrangement of organizational elemnnt to exterior space in APT. complex have been regulated by law and regulations as the buildings coverage and floor space index, but housinghold and accessibility to the racility will be simultaneously considered to raise Quality of the residential environoment. The main user behavior to exterior space in APT. complex was practical activity and the user behavior pattern by week and among APT. complex were found similiarly. In the ratio of use to exterior space in APT. Complex, that of high-rise residents were lower than that of lowrise residents. In the degree of satisfaction by property of variables to exterior environment In APT. comples, physical of buildings, social - psychologic, managerial economical, physical property of exterior space were estimated positively, but properly of facility were estimated negatively. The degee of satisfaction to exterior environment in APT. complex was highly Influenced by green space, site size. As a result of ractor analysis, the four factors were drawn out from exterior environment in APT. complex. and the factors that have an effect on the degree of residents' satisfaction by factorscore were found in the order of importance as fallow ; managemental, physical, environmental, organizalional factor. Therefore, devilopment of APT. complex should be considered in a view of environmental psychology according to physical organization for used in the future. It is recommended that this problems should be necessitated to be more deeply studies in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to examine factors influencing e-Learning acceptance intention through extended Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) applying TAM, the motivation theory, and the social response theory. To do this, this paper proposes and analyzes a theoretical model consisting of factors such as perceived sociability, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and e-Learning acceptance intention. Our findings are revealed as following: First, perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have positive effects on e-Learning acceptance intention. Second, perceived ease of use has positive effects on determinants of e-Learning acceptance intention. Third, perceived sociability not only has direct influence on e-Learning acceptance intention but also has indirect influence carried by perceived usefulness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.609-614
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• 2016

Background: Although breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, economic evaluation of breast cancer screening is not fully addressed in developing countries. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening using mammography in 35-69 year old women in an Iranian setting. Materials and Methods: This was an economic evaluation study assessing the cost-effectiveness of a population-based screening program in 35-69 year old women residing in rural areas of South east Iran. The study was conducted from the perspective of policy-makers of insurance. The study population consisted of 35- to 69-year old women in rural areas of Kerman with a population of about 19,651 in 2013. The decision tree modeling and economic evaluation software were used for cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analyses of the interventions. Results: The total cost of the screening program was 7,067.69 US$ and the total effectiveness for screening and no-screening interventions was 0.06171 and 0.00864 disability adjusted life years averted, respectively. The average cost-effectiveness ratio DALY averted US$ for screening intervention was 7,7082.5 US$ per DALY averted and 589,027 US $ for no-screening intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio DALY averted was 6,264 US$ per DALY averted for screening intervention compared with no-screening intervention. Conclusions: Although the screening intervention is more cost-effective than the alternative (noscreening) strategy, it seems that including breast cancer screening program in health insurance package may not be recommended as long as the target group has a low participation rate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10421-10425
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• 2015

Background: While the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, the reasons remain undefined. Recent research has focused on effect of red andf processed meat intake as a risk factor, but with inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of data published to date, to ascertain the overall association between intake and NHL. Materials and Methods: A published literature search was performed through Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot analysis.We performed a formal meta-analysis using summary measures from these studies. Results: In total, 11 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was significant association between the red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.01). Additionally, there was showed significance association between processed red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.29, p=0.001). In subgroup analysis, a statistical significant association was noted between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.37, P=0.01) and red meat intake. Conclusions: In this meta-Analysis, there was evidence for association between consumption of red meat, or processed meat and risk of NHL, particularly with the DLBCL subtype in the red meat case.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.348-359
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• 2013

The core of contents monetization is the consumer's willingness to pay. In the past, the terrestrial contents can be used through the frequency for free. As the terrestrial contents use via online services has been increased, the importance of willingness to pay for the broadcasting contents is getting bigger. To find critical factors which can influence on the willingness to pay for the terrestrial contents, independent factors are categorized into three. The independent factors are users' awareness for copyright protection, contents characteristics, and platform characteristics. The results show that attitude for paying, subjective norms for copyright protection, rapid providing of contents, quality of service, social critical point, and expected service value are found out as significant factors. This result implies that it is necessary to enhance platform competitiveness to survive in convergence environment and customer relationships should be reinforced to maintain them as loyal customers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.400-408
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• 2013

Obesity may be the consequence of various environmental or genetic factors, which may be highly correlated with each other. We aimed to examine whether grandmaternal and maternal obesity and environmental risk factors are related to obesity in daughters. Daughters (n = 182) recruited from female students, their mothers (n = 147) and their grandmothers (n = 67) were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the daughter's obesity and maternal, grandmaternal, and environmental factors. Maternal heights of 161-175cm (OD: 8.48, 95% CI: 3.61-19.93) and 156-160 cm (2.37, 1.14-4.91) showed positive associations with a higher height of daughter, compared to those of 149-155 cm. Mothers receiving a university or a higher education had a significant OR (3.82, 1.27-11.50) for a higher height of daughter compared to those having a low education (elementary school). Mother having the heaviest weight at current time (59-80 kg, 3.78, 1.73-8.28) and the heaviest weight at 20 years of age (51-65 kg, 3.17, 1.53-6.55) had significant associations with a higher height of daughters, compared to those having the lightest weight at the same times. There was no association between the height, weight, and BMI of daughters and the characteristics and education of her grandmothers. In conclusion, although genetic factors appear to influence the daughter's height more than environmental factors, the daughter's weight appears to be more strongly associated with individual factors than the genetic factors.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.107-125
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• 2009

Research on culture has been widespread across social science researches. But there has not been any cultural research in the fisheries industry. This study tried to identify whether the culture of the fishery organization had a convergent or divergent characteristic. To do so, fishery distributors and wholesalers, who affiliated with their professional associations or wholesale seafood markets, were surveyed across supplying and consuming areas(Busan and Seoul). If fishery organizations have always been culture-bound, rather than culture free, then their members show the divergent characteristic of culture. Despite a similarity in tasks, size and market segments, if this fact is proved, fishery distributors and wholesalers in different areas will differ in many of their managerial practices such as marketing policies, communication patterns, motivation techniques, etc. And it is expected that national and industrial cultures are major determinants of their behaviors. Depending on the results of this study, fishery distributors and wholesalers had a divergent characteristic. So, it was concluded that fishery distributors and wholesalers of wholesale seafood markets in supplying area were different from those in consuming area. It was found that this difference was attributed to individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity dimensions. In individualism/collectivism dimension, fishery distributors and wholesalers of consuming area were stronger than those of supplying area. That is, fishery distributors and wholesalers of consuming area were more collective than those of supplying area. But in masculinity/femininity dimension, fishery distributors and wholesalers of supplying area were stronger than those of consuming area. And the divergent characteristic was moderated by demographic variables (gender, age, education level, career). Especially, masculinity/femininity dimension was more moderated by demographic variables than individualism/ collectivism dimension.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.787-792
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• 2015

Background: Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, originating in the lymphatic organs, whose incidence is increasing in developed as well as developing countries. Epidemiological evidence suggests that aspirin may reduce the incidence and mortality of several cancers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between using aspirin and development of NHL with a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 7 studies were included. Outcome was calculated and reported as odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q and $I^2$ statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot visualization and trim-and-fill analysis. Results: Our analysis showed OR of developing NHL overall of 1(95% CI: 0.87-1.16, p=0.9), and in females this was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.72-.92, p=0.001) and in males 1.01 (95%CI: 0.82-1.26, p=0.86). The odds ratio (OR) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75-0.97, p=0.02), The ORs of follicular lymphoma (FL) and large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in individuals exposed to aspirin were 1.12 (95%CI: 0.86-1.45, p=0.37) and 1.03 (95%CI: 0.9-1.19, p=0.6) respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, individuals taking aspirin do not demonstrate any change in risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.667-674
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in Malaysia, where data are limited regarding knowledge and barriers in regard to CRC and screening tests. The aim of the study was to assess these parameters among Malaysians. Materials and Methods: The questionnaires were distributed in the Umra Private Hospital in Selangor. The questionnaire had four parts and covered social-demographic questions, respondent knowledge about CRC and colorectal tests, attitude towards CRC and respondentaction regarding CRC. More than half of Malay participants (total n=187) were female (57.2%) and 36.9% of them were working as professionals. Results: The majority of the participants (93.6%) never had a CRC screening test. The study found that only 10.2% of the study participants did not consider that their chances of getting CRC were high. A high percentage of the participants (43.3%) believed that they would have good chance of survival if the cancer would be found early. About one third of the respondents did not want to do screening because of fear of cancer, and concerns of embarrassment during the procedure adversely affected attitude to CRC screening as well. Age, gender, income, family history of CRC, vegetable intake and physical activity were found to be significant determinants of knowledge on CRC. Conclusions: The major barriers identified towards CRC screening identified in our study were fear of pain and embarrassment. The findings have implications for understanding of similarities and differences in attitude to CRC amongst elderly patients in other cultural/geographic regions.